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Plant trichomes originate from epidermal cells. In this work, we demonstrated that a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) gene, Gh_A06G1283 (GhHD-1A), was related to the leaf trichome trait in allotetraploid cotton and could be a candidate gene for the T1 locus. The ortholog of GhHD-1A in the hairless accession Gossypium barbadense cv. Hai7124 was interrupted by a long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, while GhHD-1A worked well in the hairy accession Gossypium hirsutum acc. T586. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that GhHD-1A belonged to the HD-Zip IV gene family, which mainly regulated epidermis hair development in plants. Silencing of GhHD-1A and its homoeologs GhHD-1D in allotetraploid T586 and Hai7124 could significantly reduce the density of leaf hairs and affect the expression levels of other genes related to leaf trichome formation. Further analysis found that GhHD-1A mainly regulated trichome initiation on the upper epidermal hairs of leaves in cotton, while the up-regulated expression of GhHD-1A in different organs/tissues also altered epidermal trichome development. This study not only helps to unravel the important roles of GhHD-1A in regulating trichome initiation in cotton, but also provides a reference for exploring the different forms of trichome development in plants. 相似文献
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【目的】棉花作为一种重要的经济作物和油料作物,其叶片和纤维均可积累色素物质,呈现不同颜色。叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素的含量及其比例是棉花叶片呈色的主要原因,而棕色纤维中主要色素成分为花青素单体氧化聚合而成的原花青素及其衍生物。通过分析陆地棉不同的叶色突变体叶片和纤维中的花青素含量,花青素和原花青素合成途径中关键基因的表达,探究棉花叶片和纤维颜色呈现与花青素合成的关系,为叶色突变体的利用和彩色棉纤维色泽的改良奠定基础。【方法】通过测定21个陆地棉叶色突变体的叶片花青素含量,根据叶色突变体叶片、纤维颜色和花青素含量差异,筛选了其中6个典型的棉花叶色突变体作为研究材料,比较叶片和纤维（开花后15 d）中的花青素含量,分析花青素含量与叶片、纤维颜色呈现的关系;同时检测叶片及不同发育时期纤维（开花后5、10、15和20 d）中花青素合成关键基因GhCHS和原花青素合成途径关键基因GhLAR和GhANR的表达水平,分析目标基因对叶片和纤维颜色呈现的影响。【结果】21个陆地棉叶色突变体叶片中的花青素含量差异显著,呈现紫红色或紫色的叶片花青素含量高。在筛选的6个陆地棉叶色突变体及其对照叶片和不同发育时期纤维中,叶片花青素含量显著高于纤维,棕色纤维的花青素含量显著高于白色纤维。叶片中,GhCHS表达量较高,而GhANR和GhLAR表达量较低,花青素积累与颜色呈现与其表达量没有显著的相关性;而在纤维中,GhANR和GhLAR在棕色纤维的表达量极显著高于白色纤维中,且主要集中在纤维发育的5—15 DPA高表达。【结论】陆地棉叶片和纤维的颜色呈现均与花青素含量有关,紫色及紫红色叶片以及棕色纤维中花青素含量高,但纤维颜色的形成与棉花叶片颜色呈现没有显著的相关性,其花青素含量与原花青素合成途径的关键基因GhANR和GhLAR表达水平直接相关,表明棉花叶片和纤维中的呈色机制不一致,原花青素主要在纤维中积累显色。 相似文献
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【目的】从棉花中克隆2个新的PPR基因,分析其序列结构、基因表达和亚细胞定位,为深入研究这2个基因在棉花中的功能提供依据。【方法】利用棉花EST库,通过RT-PCR从陆地棉徐州142中克隆得到2个PPR基因：GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2;应用生物信息学方法对2个基因编码蛋白序列进行预测分析,利用半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR的方法分析目的基因在不同组织及纤维不同发育时期的表达模式;利用棉花子叶瞬时表达系统对上述2个基因编码的蛋白进行亚细胞定位。【结果】GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2均属于PPR基因家族的PLS亚家族;GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2的开放读码框的长度分别为1 917和2 556 bp,编码638和851个氨基酸;GhPPRH1蛋白有18个PPR基序,包含1个E+结构域和1个DYW结构;GhPPRH2蛋白有17个PPR基序,包含1个E结构域,1个E+结构域和1个DYW结构;将GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2蛋白的氨基酸序列与GenBank数据库中的9条同源蛋白以及棉花中已经报道的5个PPR蛋白的氨基酸序列进行比对,构建系统进化树,结果显示,GhPPRH1与水稻RF1b蛋白亲缘关系较近,推测其可能与胞质雄性不育的育性恢复相关,而GhPPRH2与玉米PPR5蛋白亲缘关系最近,推测可能会影响细胞器一些转录本的RNA编辑;半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR的结果表明,GhPPRH1和GhPPRH2在根、茎、叶、花及纤维发育不同时期均有表达,GhPPRH1在根中表达较高,而GhPPRH2在根、叶及15 d的纤维中表达较高;亚细胞定位结果显示,GFP标记的GhPPRH1蛋白的绿色荧光与线粒体Marker的红色荧光重叠,表明该蛋白可能定位于线粒体,GFP标记的GhPPRH2蛋白的绿色荧光与叶绿体自发的红色荧光重叠,表明GhPPRH2可能定位在叶绿体。【结论】从棉花中获得2个新的PPR基因,均属于PLS亚家族成员,亚细胞定位显示可能在线粒体和叶绿体中,推测其功能可能与细胞器中RNA的加工、修饰等过程有关。 相似文献
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【目的】从陆地棉中克隆GhNAC7,分析其结构和功能,研究其在棉花不同组织中以及叶片不同发育时期的表达量。并转入拟南芥进一步探究其在棉花叶片衰老过程中的作用。【方法】利用中国农业科学院棉花研究所棉花生物学国家重点实验室建立的棉花衰老叶片cDNA文库中的序列,获得1个含有NAM结构域的EST,使用Oligo6.71设计引物,重新在陆地棉叶片cDNA中进行克隆。使用Gene Structure Display Server软件分析GhNAC7结构,使用在线工具Plant CARE分析启动子序列,利用在线工具Gen Scan进行氨基酸序列翻译。同时,利用拟南芥基因组数据库(TAIR)进行序列比对,选取得分较高的NAC家族基因,使用MEGA 6.06软件和Gene Doc软件进行进化树分析和氨基酸比对。以XbaⅠ和SacⅠ为酶切位点构建35S::GhNAC7-GFP融合表达载体,分析其在洋葱表皮细胞中的瞬时表达,进行亚细胞定位。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析GhNAC7在棉花不同组织、不同叶片发育时期以及在200μmol·L~(-1) ABA调控下的表达量。通过构建p GhNAC7-GUS融合表达载体并转拟南芥,分析其启动子特异性。以Eco RⅠ和SalⅠ为酶切位点,利用p BI101和p BI121载体,分别构建融合表达载体并转拟南芥进行过表达分析。【结果】从陆地棉中成功克隆GhNAC7,其全长为1 064 bp,包含3个外显子,2个内含子。生物信息学分析结果表明,GhNAC7开放阅读框为834 bp,可编码277个氨基酸,其蛋白质分子量为31.35 k D,等电点为9.22。结构域分析表明其属于NAC转录因子的NAM亚家族,进化树分析显示GhNAC7与ANAC041、ANAC083同源性最高,其中,GhNAC7与ANAC083结构域位置均为17—58 aa。其启动子核心元件包含一系列与衰老、激素、胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。亚细胞定位表明其蛋白为核蛋白。组织特异性表明GhNAC7在真叶、子叶、花、花药和衰老真叶中均明显表达,其中在衰老的真叶中表达量最高。启动子特异性分析表明,其GUS活性在衰老的叶片中最强。在拟南芥中过表达该基因,转基因植株比野生型表现出明显的衰老症状。荧光定量PCR分析表明,ABA处理后6 h GhNAC7明显上调表达,并在48 h表达量达到最高,这表明ABA可调控GhNAC7表达从而调节棉花叶片衰老。【结论】GhNAC7可以促进棉花叶片衰老并受ABA的调控。 相似文献
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棉花多酚氧化酶基因GhPPO1的克隆及在棉铃虫取食诱导反应中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】克隆棉花多酚氧化酶基因（GhPPO1）全长cDNA序列,分析其序列特征,并研究其及多酚氧化酶系对棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）的取食诱导反应,明确其在棉花防御棉铃虫取食中的作用。【方法】根据笔者研究组前期从棉花SSH文库中获得的对昆虫取食诱导响应明显的棉花PPO基因序列片段,设计5′RACE特异引物,进行5′端RACE反应,测序后进行序列拼接。拼接序列在NCBI棉花dbEST数据库中,用Blastn程序进行同源检索,获得一条EST（GenBank登录号：DR461072.1）与测序结果有410 bp重复。用DNAstar进行组装、电子延伸,获得一条棉花PPO基因序列,命名为GhPPO1。在GhPPO1序列两端设计引物进行全长验证,同时设计引物,以棉花基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增测序,验证GhPPO1是否含有内含子。采用BLASTX在NCBI数据库中对验证后的GhPPO1序列进行同源序列分析;ClustalW软件进行多重序列比对;MEGA 4.0软件构建系统进化树;同时对推测的编码区氨基酸序列进行功能位点及理化性质的预测与分析,所用软件包括ANTHEPRO5.0、ExPASy、InterProscan等。利用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定机械损伤、棉铃虫取食和口腔分泌物处理后,棉花叶片中GhPPO1的mRNA表达量;并通过分光光度法测定棉花叶片中PPO酶系的活性变化趋势。【结果】 GhPPO1的cDNA序列全长为2 022 bp,推测该基因编码区（ORF）为1 797 bp,编码598个氨基酸,5′UTR 含102 bp,3′UTR含123 bp,预测其等电点为6.11,蛋白分子量约67.18 kD,无内含子。GhPPO1编码区氨基酸序列包含CuA和CuB结合位点、3个N-糖基化位点、8个N-豆蔻酰化位点、6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、8个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、1个依赖于cAMP和cGMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点及1个酰胺化位点。GhPPO1的CuA和CuB离子结合区,有PPO蛋白关键氨基酸组氨酸和半胱氨酸。GhPPO1蛋白与其他植物的PPO蛋白序列最大相似度几乎均在50%以上,与其他植物PPO蛋白进化关系相对较远。机械损伤棉花叶片后,GhPPO1表达量呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,至6 h表达量最高,为无处理对照的3.29倍;1龄末期棉铃虫幼虫取食棉花后,叶片中该基因的表达量呈现先升高后下降,然后又升高的趋势,至12 h表达量最高,为无处理对照的6.04倍;棉铃虫取食3 h和6 h后的表达量低于机械损伤处理后相同时间的表达量。棉铃虫取食和机械损伤棉花叶片后,PPO酶活性均呈现出升高趋势,且机械损伤处理酶活性在各时间段均高于棉铃虫幼虫取食处理。与未做任何处理的正常叶片相比,机械损伤和清水共同处理的叶片GhPPO1表达量及PPO酶活性显著升高,而机械损伤和棉铃虫幼虫口腔分泌物共同处理的叶片GhPPO1表达量及PPO酶活性无显著变化,表明口腔分泌物对GhPPO1表达量及PPO酶活性有抑制作用。【结论】获得了GhPPO1的全长cDNA序列,证明GhPPO1是棉花防御棉铃虫取食的关键PPO基因,推测棉铃虫口腔分泌物中存在抑制棉花PPO酶活性升高物质,该物质在棉铃虫适应寄主植物产生的防御反应中发挥作用。 相似文献
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Screening of drought resistance indices and evaluation of drought resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sixteen cotton cultivars widely planted in China were sowed under five different drought concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) using PEG6000 to screen the indices of drought resistance identification and explore the drought resistance of different cotton cultivars. Eighteen physiological indices including root, stem, and leaf water contents (RWC, SWC, and LWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical quantum yield (ϕPSII), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), leaf water potential (LWP), osmotic potential (ψs), leaf relative conductivity (REC), leaf proline content (Pro), leaf and root soluble protein contents (LSPC and RSPC), leaf and root malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (LMDA and RMDA), root superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities (RSOD, RPOD, and RCAT) were measured. Results indicated the 18 physiological indices can be converted into five or six independent comprehensive indices by principal component analysis, and nine typical indices (Fv/Fm, SWC, LWP, Pro, LMDA, RSPC, RMDA, RSOD, and RCAT) screened out by a stepwise regression method could be utilized to evaluate the drought resistance. Moreover, the 16 cotton cultivars were divided into four types: drought sensitive, drought weak sensitive, moderate drought resistant, and drought resistant types. The resistance ability of two selected cotton cultivars (drought resistant cultivar, Dexiamian 1; drought sensitive cultivar, Yuzaomian 9110) with contrasting drought sensitivities were further verified by pot experiment. Results showed that the responses of final cotton biomass, yield, and yield composition to drought were significantly different between the two cultivars. In conclusion, drought resistant cultivar Dexiamian 1 and drought sensitive cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 were screened through hydroponics experiment, which can be used as ideal experimental materials to study the mechanism of different cotton cultivars with contrasting drought sensitivities in response to drought stress. 相似文献
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鸡脚叶标记的三系杂交棉光合特性的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以超鸡脚叶、鸡脚叶和正常叶棉花不育系及其恢复系为亲本材料，按NCⅡ交配设计，配制5类不同叶形的24个杂种，对各叶形杂种产量、品质和光合作用等性状的表现及其性状间的相关性进行了分析研究。测定发现，超鸡脚叶、鸡脚叶、中鸡脚叶、大鸡脚叶和正常叶5类杂种的生育期依次随叶面积系数增加而延长，中鸡脚叶杂种因具有适中的生育期和叶面积系数，产量和光合作用性状的综合表现最好。与对照（中杂29）比，中鸡脚叶杂种的籽棉产量增加1.16%，皮棉产量增加2.06%，纤维长度增加3.60%，麦克隆增加2.33%，生育期缩短10d。不同时期光合指标测定的结果表明，中鸡脚叶杂种除了生育后期Pn（净光合速率）、Gs（气孔导度）和Tr（蒸腾速率）稍低于正常叶杂种和对照外，其它时期Pn、Gs和Tr高于正常叶杂种和对照，且Ci（胞间CO2浓度）低于正常叶杂种。Pn与杂种产量的大多数性状呈正相关，其中与籽棉产量相关性最大，铃数和铃重次之，果枝数最小。考察不同叶形杂种结铃期上、中、下层叶光合性状发现，超鸡脚叶和鸡脚叶杂种下层的光照强度、透光率、Pn和Gs高于其它叶形杂种，其中超鸡脚叶杂种透光率和Pn最大，分别比对照高94.12%和45.54%，但上和中层叶的Pn较低。中鸡脚叶杂种上、中、下三层Pn和Gs高于正常叶杂种和对照, 上层Pn较对照高8.06%，中层Pn较对照高1.67%，下层Pn较对照高30.77%。认为中鸡脚形杂种具有良好的光合作用特性，对于产量和品质优势的表达具有重要促进作用。上层Pn较对照高5.4%，中层Pn较对照高1.7%，下层Pn较对照高30.8%。研究认为中鸡脚形杂种具有良好的光合作用特性，对于产量和品质优势的表达具有重要促进作用。 相似文献
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【目的】寻找与白菜叶缘裂刻发育相关的表达基因,了解叶缘裂刻调控的分子机理。 【方法】应用cDNA-AFLP技术从 mRNA 表达水平研究白菜叶全缘和裂刻近等基因系间基因表达的差异。【结果】共获得 57 条差异片段,合并归属于 55 条非重复序列,其中在叶全缘株系中增强或特异表达的有 25 条,叶裂刻株系中增强或特异表达的有 30 条。54 条差异片段可以在 NCBI 数据库中找到同源序列(包括 EST)、其中42 条为已知基因,1条没有找到同源序列。按照其参与的生物学途径归类,已知基因片段参与了代谢、转录、细胞囊泡运输、蛋白质合成和降解、蛋白质储藏与运输、信号传导、光合系统、基因转座等相关过程。用 AFLP 转化的 SCAR 标记在分离群体上验证结果表明,SEL7B16-SCAR 检测片段的表达模式与 cDNA-AFLP 结果一致。【结论】构建了白菜叶缘裂刻发育调控基因表达谱,识别了与已知NAC036、DP-2、MYB77、TCP24 参与调控裂刻发生基因密切相关的片段。基于cDNA-AFLP特异序列,开发了1条与裂刻紧密连锁的 SCAR 标记,命名为SEL7B16-SCAR,可用于裂叶纯合和杂合的分子辅助选择。 相似文献
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本研究旨在对棉花来源的果胶甲酯酶基因进行克隆和功能分析。通过RACE技术克隆了2个棉花果胶甲酯酶基因的cDNA,命名为GhPME1和GhPME2。序列分析发现:GhPME1和GhPME2的最大开放阅读框分别为1 704和1 752bp,分别编码含有567和582个氨基酸的蛋白质。蛋白质结构预测显示这2个蛋白结构相似,包含PMEI和Pectinesterase结构域。RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR结果显示在陆地棉的纤维发育过程中,GhPME1和GhPME2的表达峰值分别在9和4DPA(开花后天数),然后依次降低。而在海岛棉纤维中,这2个基因的表达均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,表达峰值分别出现在开花后24和29DPA。GhPME1和GhPME2在海岛棉和陆地棉棉纤维中的表达差异初步证明该基因家族的功能可能与棉纤维品质相关。 相似文献
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白菜叶缘裂刻近等基因系的cDNA-AFLP分析及SCAR标记的转化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】寻找与白菜叶缘裂刻发育相关的表达基因,了解叶缘裂刻调控的分子机理。【方法】应用cDNA-AFLP技术从mRNA表达水平研究白菜叶全缘和裂刻近等基因系间基因表达的差异。【结果】共获得57条差异片段,合并归属于55条非重复序列,其中在叶全缘株系中增强或特异表达的有25条,叶裂刻株系中增强或特异表达的有30条。54条差异片段可以在NCBI数据库中找到同源序列(包括EST)、其中42条为已知基因,1条没有找到同源序列。按照其参与的生物学途径归类,已知基因片段参与了代谢、转录、细胞囊泡运输、蛋白质合成和降解、蛋白质储藏与运输、信号传导、光合系统、基因转座等相关过程。用AFLP转化的SCAR标记在分离群体上验证结果表明,SEL7B16-SCAR检测片段的表达模式与cDNA-AFLP结果一致。【结论】构建了白菜叶缘裂刻发育调控基因表达谱,识别了与已知NAC036、DP-2、MYB77、TCP24参与调控裂刻发生基因密切相关的片段。基于cDNA-AFLP特异序列,开发了1条与裂刻紧密连锁的SCAR标记,命名为SEL7B16-SCAR,可用于裂叶纯合和杂合的分子辅助选择。 相似文献
14.
Effect of the L-D1 alleles on leaf morphology,canopy structure and photosynthetic productivity in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 JIANG Hui GAO Ming-wei CHEN Ying ZHANG Chao WANG Jia-bao CHAI Qi-chao WANG Yong-cui ZHENG Jin-xiu WANG Xiu-li ZHAO Jun-sheng 《农业科学学报》2023,22(1):108-119
One of the most important objectives for breeders is to develop high-yield cultivars.The increase in crop yield has met with bottlenecks after the first green revolution,and more recent efforts have been focusing on achieving high photosynthetic efficiency traits in order to enhance the yield.Leaf shape is a significant agronomic trait of upland cotton that affects plant and canopy architecture,yield,and other production attributes.The major leaf shape types,including normal,sub-okra,okra,and su... 相似文献
15.
棉花3个脂肪酸碳链延长基因的cDNA克隆和表达分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】克隆棉花脂肪酸合成碳链延长的3个重要基因,分析它们的基因表达及其对逆境胁迫的反应,为棉花高油分育种和抗逆育种提供候选基因。【方法】采用同源克隆的方法,克隆陆地棉脂肪酸合成碳链延长3个重要基因GhKAR、GhHAD和GhENR的cDNA全长;应用生物信息学方法,分析克隆基因编码蛋白的特性;通过RT-PCR,分析目标基因的组织表达特征、时空表达水平和非生物胁迫条件下的表达特性。【结果】GhKAR和GhENR属于NADB Rosemann超基因家族,GhHAD属于hotdog超基因家族;GhKAR、GhHAD和GhENR的cDNA全长分别为1 119、906和1 318 bp,分别编码283、221、394个氨基酸;它们在根、茎、叶及胚珠发育不同时期均有表达。3个基因在高油材料中的基因表达水平都高于低油材料;20DPA（days post anthesis）到30DPA是高低油材料油分积累的主要时期,而30DPA到成熟期是高低油材料油分含量差距产生的关键时期。20DPA低油材料3个基因均有一个表达低值,高油材料基因表达量则持续升高;30DPA时表达量达到最高,其中,对于GhHAD和GhENR的表达量,棉花高油材料为低油材料2倍以上。不同非生物胁迫的诱导表达分析表明,GhKAR、GhHAD和GhENR都不同程度地受低温诱导,GhKAR和GhHAD在ABA诱导时上调表达,但都不受MeJA诱导表达;而GhENR在MeJA诱导2 h时上调表达,之后逐渐下调,受ABA诱导不明显。【结论】获得了GhKAR、GhHAD、GhENR 3个基因cDNA全长,通过基因表达特征分析,3个基因的表达可能对种子油分积累起着重要作用,同时在棉花抗逆方面也起一定的生理作用。 相似文献
16.
【目的】研究转棉花GhCYP1对烟草耐旱能力的影响。【方法】利用Gateway技术构建GhCYP1的植物表达载体pGWB-GhCYP1,采用农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术,获得融合目的基因的转基因烟草植株。以烟草野生型（WT）、L1和L2转基因系为试验材料,测定水分胁迫条件下烟草叶圆片中叶绿素的相对含量、叶片中相对水分含量、丙二醛含量和相对电导率。【结果】与野生型烟草植株相比,转GhCYP1烟草植株根系粗壮、发达。水分胁迫下转基因烟草叶圆片中的叶绿素相对含量显著高于野生型。水分胁迫3 d,WT、L1和L2中相对含水量、丙二醛含量和相对电导率无显著差异（P<0.05）。水分胁迫13 d,转基因系叶片中相对含水量明显高于野生型（P<0.05）,丙二醛含量和相对电导率均明显低于野生型（P<0.05）。【结论】干旱胁迫对野生型烟草产生了较大影响,而转基因烟草显示出较强的耐旱能力,表明GhCYP1的过量表达有助于提高烟草的耐旱能力。 相似文献
17.
Inoculation of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaves with wheat powdery mildew fungus(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) induces the cell death in adventitious roots. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) play a key role in respond to biotic stress in plants. To study the involvement of ROS and the degree of cell death in the wheat roots following inoculation, ROS levels and microstructure of root cells were analyzed in two wheat cultivars that are susceptible(Huamai 8) and resistant(Shenmai 8) to powdery mildew fungus. At 18 d after powdery mildew fungus inoculation, only Huamai 8 displayed the leaf lesions, while root cell death occurred in both varieties. Huamai 8 had a high level of ROS accumulation, which is associated with increased root cell degradation, while in Shenmai 8, there was little ROS accumulation correlating with slight root cell degradation. The molecular study about the expression levels of ROS scavenging genes(MnSOD and CAT) in wheat roots showed that these genes expression decreased after the leaves of wheat was inoculated. The difference between Huamai 8 and Shenmai 8 on subcellular localization of H2 O2 and O2–· was corresponded with the different down-regulation of the genes encoding for superoxide dismutase and catalase in two wheat cultivars. These results suggested that ROS were involved in the process by which powdery mildew fungus induced cell death in wheat roots. 相似文献
18.
Overexpression of the MADS-box gene SIMBP21 alters leaf morphology and affects reproductive development in tomato 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 WANG Yun-shu GUO Peng-yu ZHANG Jian-ling XIE Qiao-li SHEN Hui HU Zong-li CHEN Guo-ping 《农业科学学报》2021,20(12):3170-3185
Fruit yield is the most important horticultural trait of tomato. SlMBP21, a SEPALLATA subclass MADS-box gene has been reported to have functions in regulating pedicel abscission zone identity and development and controlling sepal size in tomato. However, we generated transgenic tomato plants which overexpress SlMBP21 and found the transformants displayed curly leaves, abnormally shaped flowers with twisted and opened stamens, reduced yield parameters, and small and light seeds. Our studies on the gain-of-function phenotype and gene expression level showed that its novel aspects played important roles in determining leaf morphology, flower and inflorescence architecture, and seed size, as well as the fruit yield. Overexpression of SlMBP21 in tomato resulted in curly leaves with fewer leaflets due to the regulation of the critical leaf polarity genes that cause an imbalance between the midvein adaxial–abaxial cell growth. Defects in the architecture of flowers and inflorescences resulted in reduced fruit set. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SlMBP21 plays its role through inhibiting the expression of the genes involved in the determination of seed development in tomato and SlMBP21 protein can interact with other MADS-box protein (SlAGL11, TAGL1 and SlMBP3) to control seed size. Thus, these results suggest that overexpression of SlMBP21 causes multiple types of damage to plant growth and development, especially fruit yield, in tomato. 相似文献
19.
In order to improve the image segmentation performance of cotton leaves in natural environment, an automatic segmentation model of diseased leaf with active gradient and local information is proposed. Firstly, a segmented monotone decreasing edge composite function is proposed to accelerate the evolution of the level set curve in the gradient smooth region. Secondly, canny edge detection operator gradient is introduced into the model as the global information. In the process of the evolution of the level set function, the guidance information of the energy function is used to guide the curve evolution according to the local information of the image, and the smooth contour curve is obtained. And the main direction of the evolution of the level set curve is controlled according to the global gradient information, which effectively overcomes the local minima in the process of the evolution of the level set function. Finally, the Heaviside function is introduced into the energy function to smooth the contours of the motion and to increase the penalty function Φ(x) to calibrate the deviation of the level set function so that the level set is smooth and closed. The results showed that the model of cotton leaf edge profile curve could be obtained in the model of cotton leaf covered by bare soil, straw mulching and plastic film mulching, and the ideal edge of the ROI could be realized when the light was not uniform. In the complex background, the model can segment the leaves of the cotton with uneven illumination, shadow and weed background, and it is better to realize the ideal extraction of the edge of the blade. Compared with the Geodesic Active Contour(GAC) algorithm, Chan-Vese(C-V) algorithm and Local Binary Fitting(LBF) algorithm, it is found that the model has the advantages of segmentation accuracy and running time when processing seven kinds of cotton disease leaves images, including uneven lighting, leaf disease spot blur, adhesive diseased leaf, shadow, complex background, unclear diseased leaf edges, and staggered condition. This model can not only conduct image segmentation of cotton leaves under natural conditions, but also provide technical support for the accurate identification and diagnosis of cotton diseases. 相似文献