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1.
To explore the zinc stress response in eddo, plants were grown for 15 d in hydroponic solutions containing 1 (control), 200, and 1000 μM zinc, and the hydathode function and changes in the contents of various elements in these plants were investigated. Under 1000 μM zinc, the dry weights of leaf blades and roots are decreased by 17 and 42%, respectively. The zinc contents in leaf blades, petioles, corms, and roots increased with increasing zinc levels in the solution. The zinc content in roots was 6.57 mg g?1 dry weight, which was 2.8–4.3 times higher than in other plant parts under 1000 μM zinc. These results demonstrate that the severe root damage occurring under 1000 μM zinc is due to higher zinc content in the roots. Under zinc stress, the contents of iron and copper in roots increased, but the contents of magnesium and calcium in petioles, corms, and roots, iron in leaf blades and corms, and manganese in petioles and corms decreased. In the guttation fluid, the concentrations of zinc, magnesium, and potassium increased, while the iron concentration decreased under 1000 μM zinc. Thus, elemental changes occurred in the guttation fluid as well as in different plant parts in eddo. In the 200 and 1000 μM zinc treatments, the amount of zinc eliminated via guttation was 2.8 and 8.5 times higher, respectively, than in the control. The results indicate that guttation partly contributes to the excretion of excess zinc under zinc stress conditions. 相似文献
2.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):464-470
The effects of calcium concentrations in the growth medium on oxalate content of leaf blades, petioles and corms and the involvement of guttation in the regulation of oxalate homeostasis were investigated in eddo (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum Hubbard & Rehder). The plants were grown hydroponically in solutions containing 0 mM calcium, 1 mM calcium nitrate (control), 15 mM calcium nitrate or 15 mM calcium chloride. Total oxalate content (soluble plus insoluble) of leaf blades, petioles and corms did not differ with the calcium concentration in solutions containing 1 mM or 15 mM calcium nitrate or 0 mM calcium. The soluble oxalate content of these parts decreased as the calcium concentration of the solution was increased. Solutions containing 15 mM calcium nitrate or 15 mM calcium chloride gave a significantly lower proportion of soluble oxalate content to total oxalate content in each part, especially in leaf blades than 0 mM calcium or 1 mM calcium nitrate. In contrast, a positive correlation was found between insoluble oxalate content and calcium concentration in the solution. These results demonstrate that high calcium concentrations in the growth medium reduce soluble oxalate content of the plant. Soluble oxalate was detected in eddo guttation fluid. Soluble oxalate content in this fluid (mg mL?1) and the amount of soluble oxalate exuded by guttation (mg leaf?1 night?1) were significantly lower in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium than in those containing 0 mM and 1 mM calcium. These results indicate that guttation may affect the concentration of soluble oxalate in the plant bodies although not strongly contributing to a decrease in soluble oxalate content in eddo grown under high calcium conditions. 相似文献
3.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):319-326
AbstractWe investigated the mechanisms of increased sensitivity to Na+ in the apical and basal regions of the rice leaf under salinity. Three-week-old plants were treated with 200 mM NaCl in hydroponic culture for 3 d. Segments 6 cm in length were obtained from the apical and basal regions of the fully expanded uppermost leaves (6th leaf blades) as old and young tissues, respectively. In the plants exposed to 200 mM NaCl, Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity, and H2O2 and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly increased, accompanied by the swelling of thylakoids and destruction of thylakoid membranes in the apical regions. However, no indication of oxidative damages was observed in the basal region, even though the Na+ content in the basal region was comparable to that in the apical region. In the apical region, the capacity to scavenge H2O2 was lower than that in the basal region due to decrease in the constitutive levels of ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes except superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase decreased drastically after 48 hr of exposure to NaCl. By contrast, the activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in the basal region increased compared with those in the control, and other antioxidant enzymes did not decrease under salinity during the experimental period. These results suggest that the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species decreased with age, and thus the apical region of the leaf blade suffered severer damage by Na+ than the basal region. 相似文献
4.
The present study was conducted to determine whether varying the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium could affect radiophosphorus (32P) uptake, and whether high NaCl stress was moderated by the availability of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to micropropagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank). The kinetics of32P uptake in micropropagated potato plantlets was studied over a 48-hr interval in MS medium containing 1.25 mM Pi and varying concentrations of NaCl (0 to 120 mM). The32P activity of the top-most trifoliate leaf increased considerably with time, but decreased significantly as medium NaCl concentrations increased. The32P activity of the root tips at 48 hr was greater, but translocation of Pi into leaves was less, as medium NaCl concentration increased. As medium Pi concentration was increased from 0 to 2.5 mM, in the presence of 120 mM NaCl,32P activity decreased in root tips but translocation into the topmost leaves occurred more efficiently. 相似文献
5.
采用营养液培养法,以硝普钠（SNP）为外源NO供体,分析不同浓度外源NO对NaCl胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片电解质渗出率、叶片和根系中MDA含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响。研究结果表明,盐胁迫下不同浓度SNP处理可以降低玉米幼苗叶片的电解质渗出率,使叶片和根系中MDA含量降低,不同程度增加玉米叶片和根系中SOD、POD、CAT活性;对玉米叶片和根系中3种保护酶活性的影响具有不同的剂量效应。适量外源NO能够缓解NaCl胁迫带来的伤害,增强叶片和根系抗氧化能力。 相似文献
6.
The influences of the insecticides quinalphos, chlorpyriphos, methyl parathion, endosulfan, imidacloprid and deltamethrin applied three times at 10 days intervals at half of their recommended field concentrations to potted plants of a planthopper-susceptible and a planthopper-resistant rice variety, on reproduction and survival of whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), and on the chemistry of its host plant, were investigated. Methyl parathion, deltamethrin and quinalphos enhanced the fecundity of the hopper (164-211 vs. 131 for the control) and consequently the resurgence ratio (increased up to 1.75 fold). Methyl parathion and deltamethrin significantly increased nymphal survival (59.3 vs. 52.2% for the control) and the growth index (4.8 vs. 4.2 for the control) of the hopper. The sex ratios of adults emerging on methyl parathion- and deltamethrin-treated rice plants increased in favour of females (1.51 vs. 1.15 for the control) on the susceptible variety but was not altered on the resistant variety. Biochemical analyses of the rice leaves revealed significantly higher quantities of reducing sugars, proteins and amino acids, but lower amounts of total phenols in leaf sheaths and blades of methyl parathion-, deltamethrin- and quinalphos-treated plants of the two varieties. The leaf sheaths and blades of the resistant variety contained more than twice the total phenols present in those of the susceptible variety. The results showed a positive correlation between increased levels of reducing sugars, amino acids and proteins in the rice plants and the fecundity of S. furcifera and a negative correlation between phenol contents of the rice plants and fecundity. 相似文献
7.
NaCl胁迫对水稻苗期生长及离子吸收和转运的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内水培试验,探讨了NaCl胁迫对水稻苗期生长及离子吸收与转运的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫促使株高下降和生物量积累减少,且随着NaCl浓度增加,株高和生物量积累降幅增大,但长白9号降幅均较小。较低浓度NaCl胁迫下,各材料叶片中Na+浓度增幅显著小于根和茎部,但随浓度增加,越光叶片Na+浓度增幅大于根和茎部。长白9号叶片和根部K+/Na+显著高于越光。NaCl胁迫降低了各器官Ca2+吸收量,且随浓度增大,Ca2+吸收量降低。生长叶对NaCl胁迫响应最敏感,下降幅度最大,成熟叶次之。根的Ca2+的降幅最小。从材料上看,长白9号各器官降幅均低于越光。 相似文献
8.
为揭示藜麦耐盐生理机制,本研究分别采用0、50、100、150、200、250、300 mmol/L NaCl处理藜麦,于处理6、12、24、48、72、96 h后测定藜麦株高、生物量、叶绿素及类黄酮的含量。结果表明:低浓度NaCl胁迫及短时间NaCl处理(50~150 mmol/L NaCl、6~48 h)促进藜麦的生长,高浓度NaCl胁迫及长时间NaCl处理(200~300 mmol/L NaCl、72~96 h)则抑制其生长;藜麦叶片叶绿素和类黄酮含量随NaCl浓度升高呈先升后降趋势,均在100 mmol/L NaCl处理下有最大值,且随处理时间的增加呈先降后升趋势,表明适宜的NaCl浓度和处理时间会促进叶绿素和类黄酮在藜麦体内的积累,增强其抗氧化能力。 相似文献
9.
茶树对铬、镉的吸收积累特性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过水培实验,研究了茶树(3个品种)受铬(Cr3+)、镉(Cd2+)毒害的表观症状以及铬、镉在茶树体内的分布、积累特性。结果表明:铬(20~100mg/L)、镉(1~5mg/L)胁迫下,茶树出现的毒害症状和对新梢生长的抑制效应因胁迫浓度、时间和品种而异。茶树各器官的铬、镉含量总体随铬、镉胁迫浓度的增加而增加,并且与胁迫浓度呈极显著或显著正相关。铬在茶树体内由高到低的分布次序是:吸收根>主根>主茎>枝条>老叶>新梢(一芽二叶);镉则为:吸收根>主根>主茎>新梢(一芽二叶)>枝条>老叶。根部吸收的铬、镉元素大部分被吸收根所固定,向地上部运输的比例较低,但镉在茶树体内的活性和迁移能力强于铬,运输到地上部的镉极易迁移到新梢中。新梢不同叶位镉含量的高低顺序为:第一叶>第二叶>第三叶>第四叶,新梢中的镉有明显向上富集的趋势。不同品种的茶树对铬、镉的吸收、积累和迁移能力有一定差异。 相似文献
10.
外源二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠 对花期淹水大豆碳代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DDTC）对大豆碳水化合物代谢的调节作用,为大豆抗渍涝栽培提供技术支持,本研究以渍涝敏感型大豆品种徐豆18和耐渍涝品种南农1138-2为材料,采用盆栽的方式,花期淹水前喷施DDTC,调查大豆叶片光合特性、蔗糖代谢酶活性及叶片、根系和根瘤中碳水化合物含量。结果表明：淹水胁迫降低了植株地上部、根系和根瘤干物重,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）,根系中淀粉含量、根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量。其中,南农1138-2植株干物重,叶片光合气体交换参数以及根系中淀粉含量比徐豆18下降幅度小,而两品种间根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量下降幅度基本一致。与之不同,叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）（合成方向）活性、SS（分解方向）、酸性转化酶（AI）活性,叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量增加。其中,南农1138-2叶片中蔗糖合成酶（SS）（分解方向）和酸性转化酶（AI）活性、可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量增幅较小,而叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、SS（合成方向）活性增幅较大。DDTC处理提高了淹水胁迫下两品种植株干物重,缓解了淹水胁迫对大豆植株生长的抑制;提高了叶片光合气体交换参数,叶片中SPS和SS（合成方向）活性,并降低了SS（分解方向）和AI活性,促进了淹水胁迫下叶片中蔗糖向根系和根瘤的转运;DDTC处理也增加了根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量,表明DDTC处理在调控淹水胁迫下大豆植株生长和碳代谢生理过程中起着重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):567-577
AbstractThe changes in chloroplast ultrastructure and the contents of chlorophyll, Na and K in response to salinity stress were investigated in leaves of maize, an NADP-malic enzyme-type C4 plant species possessing dimorphic chloroplasts. The seedlings were treated with 0, 1, 2 or 3% NaCl for three or five days under a light or dark condition. In both light and dark conditions, the dry weight of salt-treated plants decreased as NaCl concentration increased. Chlorophyll and K contents of the second leaf blade decreased as NaCl concentration increased under the light condition but not under the dark condition. Na content of the second leaf blade was significantly higher at high NaCl concentrations under both light and dark conditions. However, Na content was much lower under the dark condition than light condition. Higher concentrations (2 and 3%) of NaCl significantly increased the size of plastoglobules, decreased the number and size of starch granules and altered the chloroplast ultrastructure. Under the light condition, mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts appeared more sensitive to the damaging effect of salinity than the bundle sheath cell (BSC) chloroplasts. MC chloroplasts became more globular in shape and showed swollen and disorganized thylakoids and reduced thickness of grana by salinity. BSC chloroplasts were less affected by salinity than MC chloroplasts. Although chloroplast size and number and size of starch granules were reduced, there was no structural distortion in the thylakoids of BSC chloroplasts. However, the thickness of grana was increased by salinity. Under the dark condition, the chloroplast structure was less affected by salinity. Though the envelope of BSC chloroplasts was occasionally damaged, the thylakoids in both MC and BSC chloroplasts were preserved under salinity stress. The present study suggests that the chloroplast damage caused by salinity is light-dependent and MC chloroplasts are more sensitive to salinity than BSC chloroplasts. 相似文献
12.
不同镉浓度处理下水稻植株镉含量变化及其镉调控相关基因表达分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以地上部镉含量不同的籼稻和粳稻品种各6个为材料,采用水培试验,设置6个镉浓度,研究了不同浓度镉处理对不同水稻品种植株生长、镉含量和相关重金属转运蛋白基因表达水平的影响。结果表明,镉胁迫对水稻生长有抑制作用,表现为苗高、地上部干物质量和叶绿素含量下降。在不同镉浓度处理下,植株根部和地上部的镉含量存在显著的基因型差异,植株中镉从根部向地上部的转运可能是水稻品种间以及籼粳亚种间地上部镉含量差异的主要原因,根部镉的吸收量影响较小。在0.50到2.00mg/kg的高镉处理梯度间,部分水稻品种地上部出现镉积累饱和现象(镉含量增加较少,部分水稻品种地上部镉含量甚至显著降低);在此镉浓度处理下,OsNRMAP1、OsIRT2和OsNAS2的表达水平显著上调,这可能与植株对镉的吸收调节作用相关。 相似文献
13.
F. Venter P. D. Fritz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,29(1-2):179-186
The influence of different nitrogen doses given in different nitrogen forms on the nitrate contents of kohlrabi plants was examined in greenhouse-and field experiments. Increasing nitrogen amounts applied are followed by an increase in the nitrate contents of kohirabi. Nitrate fertilizers resulted in the highest and calcium cyanamide in the lowest nitrate contents. The nitrate contents of kohlrabi tubers sharply decreased along with prolonged period of time between the last nitrogen fertilization and harvesting. The nitrate increase was highest in the leaf stalks on the external and middle leaves but was only 20 to 25% of that level in the leaf blades and in tubers. At about the same level of nitrogen fertilization, nitrate contents of greenhouse kohlrabi cultivated at a time of year poor in light were considerably higher than those of fieldgrown kohlrabi in summertime. 相似文献
14.
15.
Water stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 and sodium chloride in two maize cultivars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Responses of growth and germination to water stress induced by PEG 6000 and NaCl in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars 704 and 301 were studied. Water stress was generated by additions of PEG 6000 or sodium chloride to the root medium. Water potentials were: zero as control and -0.15, -0.49, -1.03 and -1.76 MPa as treatments. After 24 h treatment, the roots and shoots length and dry weight were of plants determined. In water stress, roots and shoots length and dry weight decreased at both treatments in both varieties. The germination is inversely proportional to the NaCl and PEG concentrations, it means that 704 and 301 cultivars of maize showed a reduction in germination with an increasing in NaCl or PEG concentrations induced water deficit, but this reduction in NaCl treatment were higher than PEG treatment. At treatment by PEG, the germination was severely decreased at -1.03 MPa. At treatment by NaCl no germination occurred at -1.03 in 301 var. and germination was very low at -1.03 MPa in 704 var., no germination occurred at -1.76 MPa in both varieties at both treatments. Decrease of germination in 704 variety was higher than 301 variety. 相似文献
16.
Traoré MD Traoré VS Galzi-Pinel A Fargette D Konaté G Traoré AS Traoré O 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(6):900-904
The roles of guttation fluid, irrigation water, contact between plants and transplantation into contaminated soil in the transmission of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) were assessed. RYMV presence and infectivity were tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and by inoculation to susceptible rice cultivar BG90-2. The virus was readily detected in guttation fluid collected from infected rice plants. Transmission tests from this fluid led to high disease incidence (86.6%). Irrigation water collected at the base of infected plants growing in pots was less infectious, as inoculations led to disease incidences below 40%. No virus was detected and could be transmitted from field-irrigation water. Up to 44% healthy rice plants whose leaves were in contact with those of infected plants became infected but, no transmission occurred through intertwined roots. Transplantation of rice seedling into virus-contaminated soil also led to plant infection. However, virus survival in the soil decrease rapidly and infectivity was completely lost 14 days after soil contamination. Altogether, these results indicated that high planting densities of rice are likely to favour secondary spread of rice yellow mottle disease. Transplantation of rice seedlings not earlier than 2 weeks after soil preparation should prevent soil transmission of the virus. Although guttation fluid is highly infectious its contribution to virus infectivity in irrigation water is negligible as field-irrigation water was not found to be an infectious source for RYMV. 相似文献
17.
缺磷对茶树幼苗养分吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
每周3次用含0、40、80、160、400、1000μmol/L磷(P)的营养液浇沙培10月龄扦插"黄观音"茶[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]苗17周。随供P浓度的增加,茶树根P含量呈线性增加,但茎和叶P含量呈曲线增加;在所有供P处理中,根P含量最高,其次是叶P含量,茎P含量最低,高供P处理的植株尤为明显。缺P降低茶树根茎叶K含量,但对根茎叶Ca含量影响不大。缺P降低根Mg含量,增加茎的Mg含量,但对叶Mg含量影响较小。不供P叶有稍高的C含量,较低的N含量和较高的C/N比;供P对根和茎C和N含量及C/N比影响较小。总之,缺P不仅影响茶树根茎叶营养元素的含量,也改变其在根茎叶之间的分配。 相似文献
18.
盐对柚幼苗的胁迫效应分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以坪山柚为材料,研究了盐对坪山柚幼苗的胁迫效应。结果表明:40mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,坪山柚幼苗受害症状轻,幼苗生长受影响小;80~200mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,随NaCl浓度提高,坪山柚幼苗受害症状逐渐加重,幼苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重和根部干重明显降低。不同浓度NaCl胁迫20d,坪山柚幼苗根及地上部Na+,Cl-,甜菜碱质量分数增加,K+质量分数及K+/Na+质量比下降。NaCl胁迫影响坪山柚幼苗生长与Na+和Cl-大量积累有关。NaCl胁迫下,维持相对稳定的根与冠干重比、保持根K+与Na+质量比>1及根部具有较高的甜菜碱含量,是坪山柚幼苗耐盐胁迫的一种适应。 相似文献
19.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):117-122
AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants accumulate glycine betaine (GB), a major compatible solute, in response to salt stress. In barley, GB is produced by a two-step oxidation of choline in a cooperative way in the cytosol and peroxisomes. In this study, we investigated the localization of two GB biosynthetic enzymes, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), in the tissues of barley plants (cv. Haruna-nijyo) grown under normal and saline conditions. Three-week-old barley plants grown hydroponically were treated with a hydroponic culture solution containing 200 mM NaCl for 72 h. Salt treatment resulted in increased expression of CMO and BADH proteins mainly in the leaves of barley but not in the roots. The expression of CMO protein was increased by the presence of NaCl in younger leaves but decreased in older leaves. The tissue localization of CMO and BADH proteins was analyzed by immunofluorescent labeling method using their primary antibodies and a fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibody. CMO and BADH proteins were constitutively co-localized in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells under both normal and saline conditions. A possible physiological function of GB in the salt tolerance of barley plants is discussed. 相似文献