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1.
In a flock of 12,000 bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and 7200 chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), the owner had 100% morbidity and 40%-50% mortality in birds between the ages of 2 and 4 wk. Affected birds were stunted and anorexic and had yellow/green diarrhea. Two- and 4-wk-old birds submitted for necropsy all had slight nasal discharge. Histopathologic examination revealed mild (bobwhite) to severe (chukar) rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for Chlamydia psittaci in all birds. Chlamydia psittaci organisms were demonstrated histopathologically in hematoxylin and eosin and Gimenez-stained slides. Management sanitation and treatment with chlortetracycline stopped further excessive losses. The owners were also infected. Treatment by their local physician with tetracycline alleviated symptoms. 相似文献
2.
Standard limb, six lead (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF) electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in 10 awake mature rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) and 10 chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). Durations and amplitudes of P and T waves and QRS complexes, durations of P-Q and Q-T intervals, and mean heart rates were calculated from the lead II ECGs. All observable P and T waves were negative in aVR and aVL, whereas they were positive in all remaining leads. The most frequent forms of QRS complex were r-s (r-S) and q-r (q-R). A Q wave was observed in all aVR and aVL leads in both species. Chukar partridges had significantly higher amplitudes of P and T waves and QRS complexes than rock partridges. Mean heart rates were 310+/-15 beats/min and 317+/-19 beats/min for chukar partridges and rock partridges, respectively. Mean electrical axes, calculated from leads II and III, were -99+/-6.3 degrees and -95+/-1.7 degrees for chukar partridges and rock partridges, respectively. Clear ECGs were easily obtainable without anesthesia or sedation. 相似文献
3.
Experiments were conducted to determine whether chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) chicks would develop protective immunity after inoculation with coccidia. Young chukar chicks in battery cages inoculated with 100 or more oocysts of Eimeria kofoidi or Eimeria legionensis had significant protection at challenge 4 wk later, as measured by greatly reduced oocyst shedding and improved weight gain as compared with unvaccinated, challenged controls. However, when birds were housed in litter pens and vaccinated by various regimens (including two species of chukar coccidia at 100/dose), coccidiosis rapidly spread through all treatments and caused significant mortality. Vaccination with Coccivac-T or with 100 oocysts of Eimeria dispersa did not prevent mortality resulting from accidental contamination, and feed treatment with a Lactobacillus competitive-exclusion product had no benefit. Most if not all of the mortality was from E. kofoidi. This study illustrated the natural fecundity of chukar coccidia in a floor-pen environment where multiplication rate and reinfection combine to produce clinical disease from a small original exposure. Further, these results cast doubt on the potential use of low doses of live oocysts as a vaccine in the chukar partridge. 相似文献
4.
West Nile virus (WNV) infection was diagnosed in captive juvenile chukars (Alectoris chukar), and captive juvenile Impeyan pheasants (Lophophorus impeyanus) on the basis of necropsy, histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The chukars were kept in a game bird farm that experienced two outbreaks with approximately 25% mortality in hundreds of chukars between September and October 2002 and during the same months in 2003. The submitted pheasants were part of a group of 15 juvenile Impeyan pheasants that all died within approximately 2 wk at the end of August 2002. The macroscopic lesions in the pheasants were dominated by mucosal hemorrhage at the proventricular to ventricular junction and cecal ulcers, whereas the gross lesions in the chukar partridges were nonspecific. The predominant microscopic lesion in the chukar partridges was myocardial necrosis, whereas fibrinous and necrotizing splenitis was prominent in the pheasants. Viral antigen was usually widespread in animals of both species. Spontaneously occurring WNV infection should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of mortality among select species of galliform birds. 相似文献
5.
Orhan Corum Duygu Durna Corum Orkun Atik Hatice Eser Faki Feray Altan Kamil Uney 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(2):207-213
The aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and bioavailability of danofloxacin in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A total of eight clinically healthy chukar partridges weighing 480 ± 45 g were used for the investigation. The study was performed in a crossover design (2 × 2 × 2 × 2) with a 15‐day washout period between two administrations in four periods. The plasma concentrations of danofloxacin were determined using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Noncompartmental PK parameters were also estimated. No local or systemic adverse drug effects were observed in any of the chukar partridges. The mean elimination half‐life ranged between 8.18 and 12.08 hr and differed statistically among administration routes. The mean peak plasma concentrations of danofloxacin following IM, SC, and PO administrations were 8.05, 9.58, and 3.39 μg/ml at 0.5, 1, and 4 hr, respectively. Following IM, SC, and PO administrations, the mean bioavailability was 86.33%, 134.40%, and 47.62%, respectively. The mean total clearance and volume of distribution at steady‐state following IV administration were 0.13 L hr?1 kg?1 and 0.96 L/kg, respectively. These data, including favorable PKs and the absence of adverse drug effects, suggest that danofloxacin is a useful antibiotic in chukar partridges. 相似文献
6.
Effects of sex and protein and energy levels in the diet on the blood parameters of the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The effects of sex and dietary composition were investigated in 48 male and 48 female 16-week old chukar partridges. 2. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 concentration of crude protein (CP) and 4 concentration of metabolizable energy (ME). 3. Blood samples were collected at 16 weeks of age and analysed for total protein, triglycerides, uric acid, total cholesterol, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chlorine. 4. There were no significant effects of sex on the measured parameters. 5. Serum total protein was highest in partridges fed on a diet containing 200/175 g CP/kg (starter grower). Serum cholesterol concentrations of partridge fed the diet with 240/200 or 280/225 g CP/kg were significantly higher than that for partridge fed diets containing a lower gCP/kg. 6. Serum total protein and glucose levels significantly decreased as dietary energy level was increased. Serum triglycerides and calcium were highest in partridge fed on the diets containing 13.39/13.81 and 11.71/12.55 ME MJ/kg, respectively. Serum phosphorus and chloride levels were highest in partridges given the diet containing 10.88/11.92 ME MJ/kg. 7. There were significant interactions between the effects of CP and ME on serum triglycerides, sodium and potassium levels. 8 The results of this study suggested that dietary CP, and especially ME concentration, significantly affect blood parameters in chukar partridge. 相似文献
7.
An outbreak of infectious catarrhal enteritis, associated with the flagellated protozoan Spironucleus meleagridis (syn. Hexamita meleagridis), is reported from a commercial flock of chukar partridges in California. The disease affected birds between the ages of 4 and 6 wk and resulted in diarrhea, listlessness, depression, and high mortality. Concurrent infection with other intestinal pathogens, including Cryptosporidia, group E Salmonella, long-segmented filamentous microorganisms (LSFMOs), and Rotavirus-like virus particles, was found in some but not all affected birds. Dermatitis of the face, shanks, and feet, suggestive of B-complex vitamin deficiency, was present in most affected birds as well. Flagellated protozoan parasites could be found in the lumen of the duodenum and jejunum and in the intestinal crypts. In some cases the flagellates were wedged between epithelial cells or were located intracellularly within cells of the mucosal epithelium and the intestinal lamina propria. 相似文献
8.
1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of starter and grower diets with differing crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations on the body weight (BW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcase, breast+back, rump, wing, neck and abdominal fat weights of chukar partridge raised in captivity. 2. Chukar partridges were fed on starter diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (160, 200, 240, 280 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 MJ/kg) from hatch to 8 weeks of age; they were fed on grower diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (150, 175, 200, 225 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (11.9, 12.6, 13.2, 13.8 MJ/kg) from 9 to 16 weeks of age. All diets contained at least 5.5 g/kg methionine, 15 g/kg lysine and 10 g/kg methionine+cystine. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 levels of CP and 4 levels of ME. Each treatment was replicated three times with each replicate consisting of 5 males and 5 females. 3. Partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg were significantly lighter at 8 weeks of age than those in groups given diets containing a higher CP. However, at 16 weeks of age, the differences in BW among treatments had disappeared. Throughout, there were no significant effects of ME concentration on BW and LWG. 4. The daily mean FC for the 0 to 8 week and 0 to 16 week periods was not affected by dietary CP concentration. For the 9 to 16 week period, the partridges fed on a grower diet containing 225 g CP/kg consumed more feed than those given a diet containing 175 g CP/kg. 5. The highest FCR for the 0 to 8 week period was in partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg. For the 9 to 16 week period, the lowest FCR was in partridges fed on a grower diet containing 150 g CP/kg. For the 0 to 16 week period, there was not a significant effect of dietary CP concentration on FCR. The daily mean FC and the FCR for the 0 to 8, 9 to 16 and 0 to 16 week periods decreased when the ME concentration of the starter and grower diets increased. 6. The carcase, rump and breast+back weights of the male partridges increased when the ME content of the diets increased. Weights of all carcase components of the male partridges were significantly greater than those of the carcase components of the females. 7. There were no significant interactions between CP and ME concentrations on BW, LWG, FC, FCR and carcase characteristics. 8. We conclude that the starter diet for chukar partridges raised for meat production should contain at least 200 g CP/kg, 11.7 MJ ME/kg, and the grower diet should contain 150 g CP/kg, 12.6 MJ ME/kg. 相似文献
9.
Pis T 《British poultry science》2012,53(1):141-144
1. In two partridge species, the grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and chukar (Alectoris chukar), from hatching up to 120?d, the growth rate and development of body mass, wing, tarsus, and bill length were measured and fitted by Gompertz equations. 2. As a typical precocial species, partridges hatched with relatively well developed legs and bills, and wing growth followed a gradual development of thermoregulation. 3. Gompertz growth constants for body mass growth were 0·039 and 0·038 for grey partridges and chukars, respectively. 4. The allometric relationship between tarsus length and body mass followed a geometric similarity (1/3 power) in both grey partridges and chukars. 相似文献
10.
雏鹅实验性副粘病毒病的临诊症状及病理变化研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用鹅副粘病毒BY株人工感染5日龄雏鹅，观察试验鹅的临诊症状和病理学变化。试验鹅最早于2d出现症状，3d开始死亡，死亡高峰期在3－5d,7d后停止死亡，总计试验鹅发病率为89.19%，死亡率为64.86%。主要临诊症状为精神不振，食欲降低或废绝，拉稀，流泪，流鼻液。主要大体病变为消化道粘膜的水肿、出血、坏死以及胰腺、脾脏组织的严重坏死。主要组织学变化为腺胃、肠道粘膜上皮细胞和胰腺腺泡上皮细胞严重变性、坏死、胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊等器官内淋巴细胞坏死、崩解，数量显著减少。 相似文献
11.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(2):244-251
The current research was conducted to determine the comparison of hatchability and some egg quality characteristics in spotted and unspotted partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs. The research was carried out on 51 male and 102 female chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) aged 50 wk, which were raised at the Research and Application Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University. In total, 244 spotted and 261 unspotted eggs were used in the research. The hatching eggs were stored at 75% RH and 13°C for 14 d. Thirty spotted and 30 unspotted eggs laid on the same day were used for the evaluation of egg quality characteristics. Egg weight, chick weight, egg weight loss during the hatching period, shape index, hatchability, and some egg quality characteristics were evaluated at the end of the research. Spotted eggs exhibited a higher fertility and hatchability, as well as a lower percentage egg weight loss and embryonic mortality when compared with unspotted eggs. No significant differences were observed between spotted and unspotted eggs for egg weight, chick weight, shape index, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color green-red chromaticity (a*), albumen pH, and yolk pH. Spotted eggs had higher eggshell color a*, eggshell color blue-yellow chromaticity (b*), and eggshell strength, as well as a lower eggshell color light-dark chromaticity (L*), yolk color L*, and yolk color b* scores when compared with unspotted eggs. It was demonstrated that spots on the eggshells of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) improved their hatchability by affecting various quality characteristics of their eggs. It was concluded that spotted eggs are more suitable for hatching. 相似文献
12.
肉鸡肿头综合征的病理形态学变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对黑龙江省某鸡场发生肿头综合征（ Ｓ Ｈ Ｓ） 的４ 例肉鸡进行了病理学观察。肉眼所见为病鸡的眼周围、肉髯、肉冠的肿胀,包括肉髯、肉冠在内的头部皮下的蜂织炎,头盖骨气室内的干酪样物贮留。病理组织学所见主要为头部皮下组织、头盖骨气室及鼻粘膜下的纤维素性、化脓性肉芽肿性炎,并见有间质性心肌炎及支气管粘膜上皮组织纤毛脱落等变化。从上述病例的头部病灶中分离到了大肠杆菌。 相似文献
13.
14.
Outbreaks of influenza were diagnosed in two turkey breeder flocks on the same premises in eastern North Carolina during the "dark-out" period of recycling for a second lay. Clinical history included increased mortality from acute death with no apparent predisposing illness. Mortality attributed to the disease was 4.5% in one flock and 3.3% in the other. Necropsy findings included severe diffuse congestion and edema of both lungs, with little or no pleural exudate. Spleens were moderately to markedly enlarged and mottled, and kidneys were swollen and congested. Microscopic lesions included moderate to severe serofibrinous pneumonia with severe pulmonary congestion. Splenic changes included fibrin deposition and severe congestion, and severe congestion was noted in kidneys. Influenza virus (H1N1) was isolated from pools of tissues including lung, spleen, liver, and kidney, and both flocks seroconverted to influenza (H1N1) virus. 相似文献
15.
本试验通过病理解剖、组织学检查、电镜观察及RT-PCR等方法对一起鸭产蛋下降性疾病进行初步研究。解剖病鸭发现,脾脏肿大,卵泡膜出血、变性;组织学检查结果表明,病鸭肝细胞呈现严重的脂肪变性,脾脏淋巴细胞数量减少;病料细菌分离结果为阴性;黄病毒RT-PCR检测阳性;电镜下可观察到直径为40～60 nm的病毒粒子;参照黄病毒属NS5基因设计合成引物,扩增得到360 bp的目的片段;遗传进化分析表明:该核酸序列与黄病毒科黄病毒属恩塔亚病毒群(Ntaya virus group)的巴格扎病毒(Bagaza virus)的NS5核酸序列同源性最高。 相似文献
16.
某规模化自繁自养猪场产房母猪出现流产,保育猪关节肿胀、倒地不起、大量死亡,为研究发病原因,采集流产胎儿、死亡仔猪的肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结和关节液,进行分子生物学检测,病毒和细菌分离鉴定,并检测不同胎龄母猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体,结果显示猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒检测为阳性,使用PAM分离到一株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,经序列鉴定为高致病性毒株;抗体结果表明四胎及以上母猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体阳性率异常升高;病料分离的细菌经鉴定为猪链球菌,经实验室诊断确定猪场发病的原因为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高致病性毒株与猪链球菌混合感染。 相似文献
17.
人工感染鸭病毒性肠炎急性病例超微结构变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用鸭病毒性肠炎病毒（Duck enteritis virus，DEV）CH强毒株感染成年鸭复制鸭病毒性肠炎急性病例，分别于接种后不同时间，取心、肝、肾、脾、胸腺、十二指肠、法氏囊、脑和胰组织，制作超薄切片，电镜观察。结果表明：病变最早发生于肝和肾，而鸭死亡后以免疫器官和消化器官损伤最严重；各种细胞的变化主要表现为细胞肿胀，染色质或浓缩、碎裂或溶解，线粒体溶解成空泡样结构，其他细胞器破坏；脾、胸腺、法氏囊以及小肠固有层中的淋巴细胞在感染24h后，在出现细胞坏死的同时还出现较为明显的细胞凋亡变化；而鸭死亡后淋巴细胞主要表现为黑洞核样变化，整个细胞凝聚深染，染色质固缩，细胞浆均质深染，细胞膜模糊或不完整。 相似文献
18.
应用光镜和电镜技术研究了人工感染雏番鸭细小病毒病死鸭的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胰、法氏囊和大脑等8种器官的显微结构和发病鸭的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胰等6种器官的超微结构变化。结果如下：1．显微结构变化主要表现为：各器官的血管扩张、充血，以肺脏尤为严重，并见少量淋巴单核细胞浸润，同时心、肝、肾、胰和大脑均呈现不同程度的变性；而免疫器官脾、法氏囊则主要表现为淋巴细胞数量减少。2．超微结构变化主要表现为：（1）各实质细胞内线粒体肿胀，嵴变少而或崩解，内质网减少，脂滴增多，部分细胞水肿坏死；（2）血管内皮均有不同程度的脂滴增多，水肿以至脱落；（3）吞噬能力加强，表现为细胞内次级溶酶体增多，吞噬细胞数量增加，其胞浆内含大量的吞噬体。 相似文献
19.
D L Step T J Divers B Cooper F A Kallfelz L F Karcher W C Rebhun 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(1):117-119
A 6-year-old Quarter Horse was examined because of acute, severely swollen masseter muscles (palpation of which elicited pain response), exophthalmos, severe chemosis, and protrusion of the third eyelids. Blood selenium and vitamin E concentrations, and results of feed analysis and muscle biopsy supported a diagnosis of nutritional myopathy. The horse was treated and was clinically normal 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital. 相似文献
20.
To determine the sites of replication and the evolution of pseudorabies virus infection in boar genital organs, 5 Belgian Landrace boars were inoculated with pseudorabies virus unilaterally in the cavum vaginale of the testis. Virus replication took place only in cells of the tunica vaginalis of both cava vaginalia. Infection of the serosa led to exudative periorchitis and increased scrotal fluid, resulting in a severely swollen scrotal region. These experimental findings were similar to findings in boars with naturally acquired pseudorabies virus infection. Scrotal fluid contained large amounts of virus, making it a useful specimen for diagnosis of the disease in affected boars. 相似文献