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1.
3种小麦作物二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(DFR)基因的生物信息学分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究彩色小麦色素合成中相关酶的性质及其基因,对已在NCBI上注册的普通小麦、蓝粒小麦、天蓝偃麦草的二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(dihydroflavonol-4-reductase,DFR)核酸和氨基酸序列进行分析。通过生物信息学软件研究3种作物二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶的酶学特性,对其组成成分、理化性质、亚细胞定位、跨膜结构、分子进化、蛋白质二级结构和结构域进行预测和推断。结果表明,3种作物二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因长度均约为1.0 kb,编码354个氨基酸,三者氨基酸同源性很高。在蛋白质的其他预测中,发现三者均为酸性稳定亲水性蛋白,没有信号肽和跨膜结构域。二级结构以α-螺旋和自由卷曲为主,在进化树中可以看出蓝粒小麦与普通小麦亲缘关系较近。通过分析发现,小麦类作物二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶有着相同的特性,进化比较保守。为进一步研究其他特殊的小麦类作物相关酶及其基因提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
The composition of the wheat kernel is the result of the expression of thousands of genes translated in enzymes involved in all the biochemical pathways that are needed for endosperm cell functions also for the accumulation of storage proteins starch.…… 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):170-171
The composition of the wheat kernel is the result of the expression of thousands of genes translated in enzymes involved in all the biochemical pathways that are needed for endosperm cell functions and also for the ac- 相似文献
3.
小麦作物查尔酮合成酶（CHS）及其基因生物信息学分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对已在NCBI上注册的普通小麦、蓝粒小麦、天蓝偃麦草查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)核酸和氨基酸序列进行分析。利用生物信息学软件研究3种作物查尔酮合成酶的酶学特性,对其组成成分、理化性质、亚细胞定位、跨膜结构、分子进化、蛋白质二级结构和结构域进行预测和推断。3种作物查尔酮合成酶基因长度均约为1.2 kb,编码394个氨基酸,三者氨基酸同源性很高,在蛋白质的其他预测中,发现三者均为不稳定蛋白,疏水性较强,二级结构以α-螺旋为主,但其他结构中有所差异,在进化树中可以看出蓝粒小麦与长穗偃麦草亲缘关系较近。通过分析发现,小麦类作物查尔酮合成酶有着与其他植物中该酶相同的特性,为进一步研究其他特殊的小麦类作物相关酶及其基因提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
Comparisons of RFLP and PCR-based markers to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Previously chromosome 3A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was reported to carry genes influencing yield, yield components, plant height, and anthesis date. The objective of current
study was to survey various molecular marker systems for their ability to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars Cheyenne(CNN)
and Wichita (WI), particularly for chromosome3A. Seventy-seven `sequence tagged site' (STS), 10simple sequence repeat (SSR),
40 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, and 52 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes for wheat
homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, were investigated. Three (3.9%) STS-PCR primer sets amplified polymorphic fragments for
the two cultivars, of which one was polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Sixty percent of SSR markers detected polymorphism between
CNN and WI of which 50% were polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Twenty percent of RAPD markers detected polymorphism between CNN
and WI in general, but none of these detected polymorphism for chromosome 3A. Of the fifty-two RFLP probes, 78.8% detected
polymorphism between CNN and WI for group 3 chromosomes with one or more of seven restriction enzymes and 42% of the polymorphic
fragements were for chromosome 3A. These high levels of RFLP and SSR polymorphisms between two related wheat cultivars could
be used to map and tag genes influencing important agronomic traits. It may also be important to reconsider RFLP as the most
suitable marker system at least for anchor maps of closely related wheat cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
新收获小麦在储藏过程中品质变化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新收获小麦具有明显的后熟期,进入储藏过程,后熟期完成,其品质逐步提高。研究影响新收获小麦在储藏过程中品质变化的几个常见指标,如小麦的物理结构、酶、脂类物质、蛋白质、碳水化合物、发芽率、电导率等,以及这些指标与新收获小麦储藏时间的关系。 相似文献
6.
Developing wheat grain was analysed for its fresh and dry weights, water content and some enzymes of the respiratory pathway. Grain dry weight data was fitted to a polynomial equation and biphasic linear regression analysis. Based on biphasic regression analysis and data of water content, the entire wheat grain development is divided into four phases: (i) cell division; (ii) cell elongation; (iii) dry matter accumulation; and (iv) maturation. Various enzymes of glycolysis, Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and Tricarboxylic acid cycle have been estimated during entire wheat grain development, which recorded higher activities during cell elongation phase and maintained higher levels during dry matter accumulation phase. The role of these enzymes in the generation of NADPH and provision of carbon skeleton for starch and nucleic acid synthesis is discussed. 相似文献
7.
近年来,小麦叶锈病发生有加重趋势,培育抗病品种是减轻小麦叶锈病危害的环保有效途径。用12个小麦品种及35个含已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品系在苗期接种19个不同毒性的叶锈菌生理小种,通过基因推导和系谱分析发掘待测品种中的抗叶锈病基因,并通过分子标记检测进一步验证;在田间接种强毒性混合生理小种,进行成株期病情严重度与普遍率调查,筛选慢锈性品种。结果表明,在石新828、百农3217、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共9个品种中检测到Lr1、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37和Lr46共5个抗叶锈病基因,其中部分品种中发现多个抗性基因。成株期筛选出百农3217、平阳27、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、碧蚂4号、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共10个慢叶锈性品种,其中碧蚂4号和小偃6号等品种是我国小麦育种的骨干亲本,探究这些品种中的抗病基因对培育小麦抗叶锈病品种具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
Genetics of dietary fibre in bread wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Charmet U. Masood-Quraishi C. Ravel I. Romeuf F. Balfourier M. R. Perretant J. L. Joseph M. Rakszegi F. Guillon P. E. Sado Z. Bedo L. Saulnier 《Euphytica》2009,170(1-2):155-168
Arabinoxylans (AX) are major components of cell walls in wheat endosperm. The water-extractable part, WEAX, is considered as dietary fibres with health promoting effects. AX exhibit large natural variations in their amount but few studies have been carried out on the genetics of WEAX content and structure in bread wheat. We first carried out a “forward” quantitative genetic approach, using two recombinant populations derived from crosses between WEAX-high and WEAX-low parents and the viscosity of flour extract (WEAX-viscosity) as a predictor of WEAX content. This allowed us to identify two QTL regions, one of them, found on chromosome 6B in both populations, having a major effect with as much as 59% of the phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL. Then, we focused on key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of arabinoxylans. Out of 34 homoeologous candidate genes studied by sequencing a set of 46 lines, representing a worldwide diversity179 show no polymorphism. In the 16 polymorphic candidate genes, 80 SNP (in 15 genes) and 16 indels (in 4 genes) were detected. Then 27 SNP (in 13 genes) were genotyped in a larger collection of 156 lines (Healthgrain diversity screen). Eight associations were significant at an indicative 5% threshold, but only one, between COMT (Caffeic acid O methyltransferase) on chromosome 7A and A/X in WEAX was significant at a 1% level. The usefulness of these approaches and preliminary results for breeding is discussed. 相似文献
9.
小麦是我国以及全球最重要的粮食作物之一。随着人口增长、气候变化和人们对高品质生活的追求,需要培育高产、多抗且优质的小麦品种,确保小麦安全生产和小麦产业健康发展。由于在培育小麦新品种过程中严格持续不断的人工选择,小麦初级基因库已得到充分开发。利用小麦的近缘次级基因库,将传统的育种技术和分子育种技术结合,通过细胞遗传学、分子标记辅助选择和基因工程等方法将小麦近缘种属中的优良基因引入到小麦染色体组中可突破这一育种瓶颈,培育符合当代育种目标的小麦新品种。本文简要介绍了将小麦主要近缘种属及将其蕴含的优良性状和优良外源基因引渗到小麦基因组中的主要技术及特点,重点综述了利用近缘种属优良基因改良小麦抗病性、品质和生长发育等性状的最新研究进展,讨论了目前存在的问题和发展趋势,以期促进小麦近缘种属优良基因的挖掘和新品种培育。 相似文献
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小麦育种的主要途径之一就是利用其近缘野生种的外源有益基因，但由于普通小麦５Ｂ染色体长臂上存在抑制部分同源染色体配对（Ｐｈ１）基因，使得在普通小麦的远缘杂交中外源有益基因不能通过易位方式直接转移到普通小麦中。若使Ｐｈ１基因发生突变或缺失，这种直接遗传转移外源有益基因即可成为现实。通过对Ｐｈ１基因的性质、作用机理及其突变体ｐｈ１ｂ基因的利用进行综述，最后提出Ｐｈ１基因的分子生物学研究方向。 相似文献
12.
M. A. Rehman Arif K. Neumann M. Nagel B. Kobiljski U. Lohwasser A. B?rner 《Euphytica》2012,188(3):409-417
Seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting are important traits in bread wheat. Bi-parental populations have permitted the identification of several genes/quantitative trait loci controlling these traits, mapping to various bread wheat chromosomes. Here, we report the use of association mapping to uncover the genetic basis of both traits in a panel of 96 diverse winter wheat cultivars to establish the presence of marker-trait associations on many chromosomes. Potential candidate genes were identified by studying the gene content of the chromosome bins into which the major marker trait associations mapped. 相似文献
13.
规模化定位小麦品种携带的抗白粉病基因对于抗病性种质创新和新品种选育具有重要的意义。本研究采用Illumina Infinium iSelect 90k SNP芯片结合集群分离分析法(bulked segregate analysis,BSA)对36个河南省小麦新品系携带的抗白粉病基因进行了定位。SNP芯片检测表明,在24个小麦品系构建的抗、感池DNA间可检测到一个明显富集的SNP峰,表明其可能携带单一主效抗白粉病基因;在其他12个小麦品系构建的抗、感池DNA间可检测到多个SNP峰,推测其可能含多个抗白粉病基因。有26个小麦品系在2AL染色体上检测到的SNP数目最多,推测其携带位于2AL染色体上的Pm4b抗白粉病基因。开发出与2AL染色体上抗白粉病基因紧密连锁的分子标记Xwggc116,可用于这些小麦品系中抗白粉病基因的分子检测。研究结果表明高通量SNP分析技术平台可以用来规模化定位小麦品种中的抗白粉病基因,明确了河南省抗白粉病小麦品系中携带Pm2、Pm4b、Pm21和新1BL/1RS易位等有限的抗白粉病基因,抗病基因资源非常狭窄,亟需引进新的多样化抗病基因资源,拓宽遗传基础,培育抗病小麦新品种。 相似文献
14.
78份四川小麦育成品种(系)条锈病抗性鉴定与抗条锈病基因分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川省是小麦条锈菌新小种产生的重要地区之一,了解2016年以来四川小麦育成品种(系)对当前流行的条锈菌生理小种和致病类型的抗性水平以及明确其抗条锈病基因的分布状况,可为四川育种防控小麦抗条锈病和品种布局提供理论依据。本研究选择2个小种CYR32和CYR34对78份四川小麦育成品种(系)进行苗期鉴定,利用当前小麦条锈菌优势小种CYR32、CYR33、CYR34,以及贵22-14、贵农致病类群等混合菌进行成株期人工接种鉴定,并利用19个抗条锈病QTL和基因QYr.nwafu-4BL、Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65、Yr67、Yr78、Yr80和Yr81的分子标记对供试材料进行抗条锈病基因检测。结果表明,在78份供试材料的苗期鉴定中,对CYR32表现出抗性的有60份,占76.92%;对CYR34表现出抗性的有40份,占51.28%;同时对CYR32和CYR34表现抗性的有36份,占46.15%。78份小麦品种(系)在成株期均表现抗条锈病,其中绵麦835、蜀麦1743、蜀麦1829和蜀麦1868表现为免疫。苗期和成株期抗病性鉴定结果表明,成株期抗性材料有42份,占53.85%;全生育期抗性材料有36份,占46.15%。分子检测结果表明,可能携带QYr.nwafu-4BL、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr39、Yr41、Yr65、Yr67、Yr78、Yr80和Yr81的材料分别有5、5、45、2、30、5、30、39、3、2、22、8、23、6和24份。同时携带2~6个抗条锈病基因的聚合材料分别有24、22、11、14和3份,占94.87%。所有供试品种(系)均未检测到Yr5、Yr10、Yr36和Yr48,仅西科麦18未检测到上述19个抗条锈病基因,可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。本研究鉴定了78份四川小麦育成品种(系)对条锈病抗性水平整体较好,明确了其携带的抗条锈病基因,为利用其培育持久抗性小麦品种提供了科学依据。 相似文献
15.
甘肃省主要小麦生产品种(系)及抗源材料抗白粉病基因推导分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用17个致病力不同的小麦白粉病菌菌系,对64个甘肃省主要生产品种(系)及抗源材料进行了苗期白粉病抗性鉴定,并结合系谱分析推导这些品种(系)所含抗病基因。初步判断陇原932含有Pm5及未知抗病基因;西峰20含有Pm6及未知抗病基因;98保1-2含有Pm8及未知抗病基因;863-13和石7816含有Pm19;天选43等6个品种(系)含有Pm21;兰天13等18个品种(系)对所有供试菌系均表现感病,与其他35个供试品种(系)一致,可能含有未知抗病基因或基因组合。聚类分析支持基因推导结果。 相似文献
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普通小麦中国春-百萨偃麦草异染色体系的分子标记分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综合利用HMW-Glu亚基、STS、SSR和RFLP等分子标记对普通小麦中国春、百萨偃麦草、中国春-百萨偃麦草双二倍体和11个中国春-百萨偃麦草异染色体系进行了分析。结果表明，14对SSR、10对STS引物和6个RFLP标记可以特异追踪百萨偃麦草染色质。C7-17及其后代株系C7-17-2等编码百萨偃麦草特异HMW-Glu亚基，添加染色体涉及与小麦第１部分同源群染色体部分同源的1J；1对STS、3对SSR和1个RFLP探针可以特异追踪二体附加系CH05中的百萨偃麦草染色体，并揭示最初根据分带核型确定的J3与小麦第2部分同源群染色体具有较高的部分同源性；2对STS、1个RFLP探针和1对SSR可以追踪CH09的外源染色体，并揭示最初确定的J7与小麦第3部分同源群染色体具有较高的部分同源性；1对STS和1个RFLP探针在CH03、CH04和CH34中具有相同的多态，3个附加系可能添加了相同染色体，最初确定的J1、J2和J?与小麦第7部分同源群染色体具有较高的部分同源性；3对SSR引物可以特异追踪CH12中附加的大片段易位染色体和CH11中的小片段易位染色体，推测易位可能涉及同一条百萨偃麦草染色体。发现13个标记（5个STS、3个RFLP探针和5个SSR）可以追踪未涉及到的4J和5J等染色体。 相似文献
18.
Molecular genetics of race non-specific rust resistance in wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evans S. Lagudah 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):81-91
Over 150 resistance genes that confer resistance to either leaf rust, stripe rust or stem rust have been catalogued in wheat
or introgressed into wheat from related species. A few of these genes from the ‘slow-rusting’ adult plant resistance (APR)
class confer partial resistance in a race non-specific manner to one or multiple rust diseases. The recent cloning of two
of these genes, Lr34/Yr18, a dual APR for leaf rust and stripe rust, and Yr36, a stripe rust APR gene, showed that they differ from other classes of plant resistance genes. Currently, seven Lr34/Yr18 haplotypes have been identified from sequencing the encoding ATP Binding Cassette transporter gene from diverse wheat germplasm
of which one haplotype is commonly associated with the resistance phenotype. The paucity of well characterised APR genes,
particularly for stem rust, calls for a focused effort in developing critical genetic stocks to delineate quantitative trait
loci, construct specific BAC libraries for targeted APR genes to facilitate robust marker development for breeding applications,
and the eventual cloning of the encoding genes. 相似文献
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植物低聚糖提取和生物活性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用酶解法从小麦细胞壁中提取出低聚糖。经过活性鉴定,具有诱导大豆和小麦抗毒素产生,特别是从小麦代谢、细胞、植株等水平上改善该作物体内防御功能等生物作用。水解酶的种类、纯度、酶活值与所降解低聚糖的活性程度密切相关;高纯度、高酶活单位的水解酶提取的低聚糖,具有较强的生物功能。对来源不同的低聚糖进行了活性差异的比较,同时还讨论了其它因素——诸如小麦细胞的生理状态,低聚糖保存条件等对低聚糖活性的影响。 相似文献