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1.
为通过合理配麦提升国内优质强筋小麦的面包加工性能,对11种主栽强筋小麦品种进行理化、面团流变学检测及烘焙评价,筛选出综合品质较优、特点不同且互补的三个品种,分析其不同比例配麦对面粉理化特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明,新麦26和师栾02-1具有良好的面包烘焙品质;配麦可有效均衡小麦品质特性,提高烘焙品质。新麦26、师栾02-1和西农979搭配后,3种配麦样品的形成时间、稳定时间均高于单个品种和对照,面包感官评分均显著高于西农979;配麦3的面包感官评分显著高于师栾02-1。由此可见,国内不同品种的优质强筋小麦合理搭配,可有效弥补单个品种的品质缺陷,提升其面包加工性能、适用性和综合效益,满足市场对面包专用粉的需求。 相似文献
2.
为了解当前黄淮冬麦区强筋小麦品种的产量和品质表现,选用9个近年来黄淮麦区育成、在河南省大面积推广种植的强筋小麦品种,种植于河南的郑州和泛区,按AACC或国标的方法对其蛋白质和淀粉品质进行分析。结果表明,供试强筋小麦品种的产量显著低于高产对照品种周麦18;有5个品种的有效穗数显著高于周麦18,有3个品种与周麦18差异不显著;分别有1个品种的穗粒数、千粒重与周麦18差异不显著,其余品种均显著低于周麦18。说明黄淮冬麦区强筋小麦品种的穗粒数和千粒重有待提高。分析各品种的品质指标,对于湿面筋含量,有5个品种在两个试点均达国标,有2个品种在一个试点达国标;弱化度、面包体积、面包评分等反映面筋质量的品质指标均表现为郑州点优于泛区点;弱化度、面包体积在2个试点的差异达极显著水平;面包评分在2个试点的差异达显著水平。含5+10亚基的品种中,非1BL/1RS易位品种的烘焙品质显著优于1BL/1RS易位品种。郑麦366、师栾02-1、新麦26的麦谷蛋白亚基构成和面包烘焙品质均较优。郑麦366、矮抗58的峰值黏度较高,淀粉糊化特性较好,适合制作优质面条。 相似文献
3.
为改良湿面筋含量较高、面筋指数和稳定时间较低的这一类型小麦的加工品质,选择这三个指标相差较大的三个小麦品种为材料进行配粉,将湿面筋含量较高、面筋指数和稳定时间较低的小麦品种郑麦618的面粉按照0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%比例分别与面筋指数和稳定时间较高的小麦品种新麦26或郑麦7698的面粉混合,组成不同类型的配粉,对其湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉淀指数、面团流变学特性、淀粉RVA糊化特性以及面条和馒头的加工品质进行了比较。结果表明,当两个原粉被测指标数值差异显著时,配粉的湿面筋含量、面团流变学特征参数、峰值粘度、最低粘度和最终粘度均随着原粉数值较大一方添加比例的增加而增加。当两个原粉被测指标数值差异不显著时,配粉被测指标的数值会出现大于或小于原粉的现象,比如面筋指数、延伸性和沉淀指数;但衰减值和糊化温度不符合此规律,衰减值更接近于数值较高的原粉,糊化温度更接近于数值较低的原粉。相关性分析表明,面条总分与峰值粘度、最低粘度、衰减值呈正相关,与面团流变学特性参数呈负相关,相关系数较小;馒头总分与面筋指数、沉淀指数、形成时间、稳定时间、能量、拉伸阻力、延伸性和最大拉伸阻力呈极显著负相关,与淀粉糊化各特征值相关性不显著。上述结果证实,优质面条粉和馒头粉均不需要面筋质量过高,优质面条粉的湿面筋含量为30.3%～32.2%,面筋指数为75.2～81.4,稳定时间为4.5～7.2 min,最高粘度为2 330～2 468 cP,最低粘度为1 504～1 607 cP;优质馒头粉的湿面筋含量为30.2%～32.0%,面筋指数为70.8～81.4,稳定时间为3.5～9.1 min。面条和馒头评分结果表明,湿面筋含量较高（30%以上）,面筋指数低的这一类型的小麦可以通过搭配面筋指数较高的小麦来改良其加工 品质。 相似文献
4.
为明确不同类型小麦的面粉改良方案,为我国优质面包专用粉的生产提供理论与技术支持,以三个筋力不同的小麦品种宁麦13、扬麦16和郑麦9023为材料,通过洗面筋法提取各供试材料的湿面筋,将其冷冻干燥后按照7%、8%、9%、10%、11%的添加比例与各自面粉进行配比,对配粉的面包烘焙品质、面粉理化性质和面团流变学特性进行了测定分析。结果发现,随着面筋蛋白添加量的提高,配粉的蛋白质、湿面筋、谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)含量和沉降值逐步上升;粘度参数和面团弱化度有所下降;糊化温度和糊化时间呈上升趋势。在同一添加量下,强筋小麦的烘焙品质和面粉理化性质始终优于中筋小麦和弱筋小麦。随着面筋蛋白添加量的提高,面包体积、弹性、回复性、内聚力增大,而硬度、咀嚼性减小,感官品质得到改善。面筋蛋白添加量超过一定范围(宁麦13、扬麦16添加9%,郑麦9023添加8%),面包品质改良效果变缓,且色泽不断加深。综上所述,适量添加面筋蛋白可改变面粉的理化性质,提高其面包烘焙品质;配粉的蛋白质含量为18%左右是最经济的面包烘焙品质改良方案。 相似文献
5.
用小麦新品种郑麦9694与优质强筋小麦郑麦9023进行配粉,测定粉质仪参数和馒头加工品质,结果表明,郑麦9694的馒头加工品质较好,随着郑麦9023添加比例的增加,可使馒头的比容、宽高比、内部结构、弹性、韧性、黏性和食味得分显著提高,总分有了一定的提高;但郑麦9023的添加超过一定的比例后,馒头比容、内部结构和弹性得分则又下降了,表面色泽虽然没有变化,但表面结构得分则随着郑麦9023比例的增加呈下降趋势。最适宜的配粉比例为70∶30,即在郑麦9694中搭配30%的郑麦9023,其湿面筋含量、粉质仪参数等达到优质馒头粉标准,可显著改善馒头的加工和制作品质。 相似文献
6.
为了了解高产、优质、面包用春小麦新品种甘春 2 0号的配麦特性 ,为面粉加工企业通过配麦技术生产成本较低的专用面粉提供科学依据 ,将甘春 2 0号 (蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量依次为 12 .5 %、34.8%、11.8% ,属强筋小麦 )与宁春 18号 (蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量依次为 10 .9%、2 8.6 %、10 .5 % ,属中筋小麦 )和高台麦 (蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量依次为 9.3%、2 5 .2 %、8.7% ,属弱筋小麦 )的籽粒按不同比例 (重量比 )进行搭配后 ,测定蛋白质品质、面团流变学特性和面包、馒头、面条加工品质。结果表明 ,在甘春 2 0号中搭配 10 %～ 4 0 %的宁春 18号或 10 %的高台麦后 ,蛋白质和湿、干面筋含量仍然较高 ,依次在 11.8%、2 9.7%、10 .3%以上 ,并且仍具有较高的面包评分 (>87.2分 ) ,同时可显著改善宁春 18号和高台麦的面条品质 (搭配后的面条评分在 86 .7分以上 ,分别比宁春 18号和高台麦的面条评分高出 9.3和 2 0 .0分以上 ) ;在甘春 2 0号中搭配 10 %～ 30 %的宁春 18号 ,可显著改善甘春 2 0号和宁春 18号的馒头品质 (搭配后的馒头评分在 88.5分以上 ,分别比甘春 2 0号和宁春 18号的馒头评分高出 5 .2和 2 .7分以上 )。甘春 2 0号为面包、馒头、面条兼用型品种 ,宁春 18号是优质馒头小麦 ,而高台麦只能作为搭配 相似文献
7.
不同小麦品种搭配生产兰州拉面专用粉的灰色关联度分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究配麦粉制作兰州拉面的特性,将强筋小麦品种甘春20号与中筋小麦品种宁春18号或弱筋小麦品种高台麦分别以11种比例搭配成22份配麦粉,测定了其面粉理化品质及面团品质,并用灰色关联度分析法对所有配麦粉的兰州拉面品质做了初步分析.结果发现,所有配麦粉中拉面品质位居前5名的依次是甘春20∶宁春18=2∶8,4∶6,5∶5,3∶7,0∶10;甘春20号占100%或高台麦比例较高的配麦粉,品质名序都很靠后.这说明,较低比例的强筋小麦与较高比例的中筋小麦搭配的面粉适合做兰州拉面,单纯的高筋力和弱筋力小麦粉都不适合做拉面. 相似文献
8.
优质面包专用小麦新品种中优9507配粉特性研究 总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5
用优质面包小麦中优 95 0 7与普通小麦京冬 8号和京 4 11进行配粉 ,测定粉质仪参数和面包、面条、馒头加工品质 ,结果表明 ,在中优 95 0 7中搭配 2 0 %的京冬 8号或 10 %的京 4 11,其湿面筋含量、粉质仪参数等仍然达到强筋粉的标准 ;中优 95 0 7为优质面包、面条和馒头兼用型品种 ,京冬 8号不适合制做上述三种食品 ,京 4 11的馒头加工品质较好 ;用 5 0 %的京冬 8号或 4 0 %的京 4 11与中优 95 0 7搭配 ,面包评分仍然超过 85分 ;用 5 0 %～ 6 0 %的京冬 8号或 80 %的京 4 11与中优 95 0 7配粉 ,可显著改善二者的馒头品质 ;用 90 %的京冬 8号或 5 0 %的京 4 11与中优 95 0 7搭配 ,可显著改善二者的面条加工品质 相似文献
9.
为了进一步了解面包小麦品种在不同生态区的品质变异状况，通过实验室方法对新疆引进和选育的优质面包小麦新春9号和Y20在新疆乌鲁木齐市、石河子市和奇台县三个不同生态环境下的品质性状表现进行了检测分析。结果表明，小麦的加工品质易受环境影响，同一品种在不同地区种植其加工品质性状存在一定差异，但不同品种对环境反应的敏感性不同，新春9号在不同地区的品质性状差异小于Y20。虽然两个品种的综合品质性状都达到了国家一、二级面包小麦标准，但两个品种的加工品质性状差异还是较大的，其中，石河子产Y20的品质性状表现最为理想。因此，在进行品质性状环境变异研究的同时，对两个品种不同比例的搭配进行了粉质、拉伸、吹泡参数及烘焙品质的测定，结果表明将不同点的新春9号与石河子产Y20搭配，随着Y20比例的增加，其搭配后的品质在不断优化；对奇台产Y20与乌鲁木齐产新春9号以不同比例配粉，其中40%奇台产Y20与60%乌鲁木齐产新春9号配粉的效果最好；考虑到生产成本，则后者配粉效果更理想。 相似文献
10.
糯小麦配粉对普通小麦品质性状和鲜切面条品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了明确糯麦配粉对小麦品质的影响,利用中国北部和黄淮冬麦区的三个小麦主栽品种京411、豫麦49和豫麦34,研究了添加10%、15%、20%、25%和30%不同比例的糯小麦面粉后其蛋白质、淀粉特性及面条品质的变化.结果表明,随着添加比例的提高,面粉蛋白质含量和沉淀值有所增加,和面时间和衰落势无显著变化.直链淀粉含量随添加量的增加而逐渐降低,高峰粘度和反弹值则均有所下降.直链淀粉含量与面条的粘弹性、光滑性和总评分呈二次曲线关系,直链淀粉含量为24%～25%时,面条的粘弹性、光滑性和总评分最好,添加15%～20%的糯小麦面粉即可达到这一效果.添加糯小麦面粉对面条色泽和表观状况无显著影响. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献