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1.
Khan Sharun AbdulRahman A. Saied Ruchi Tiwari Kuldeep Dhama 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):228
Current evidence indicates that cats play a limited role in COVID-19 epidemiology, and pets are probably dead-end hosts of SARS-CoV-2 and pose negligible risks of transmission to humans. Still, one health concept is to be adopted widely as a component of mitigation strategies to tackle the ongoing pandemic. Therefore, in terms of the magnitude of infection and potential to transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans, our surveillance efforts should mainly focus on mustelids (especially minks, ferrets, and others) for early detection and control of infection. This will ensure that SARS-CoV-2 will not get established in the wild animal population of these susceptible species. We agree with Dr. Passarella Teixeira on the possibility of domestic and feral cats acting as an urban reservoir, subsequently transmitting the virus to human beings. However, it is less likely that such a phenomenon will be reported even if it has occurred due to the efficient and extensive human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. 相似文献
2.
Khan Sharun Kuldeep Dhama Abhijit M. Pawde Christian Gortzar Ruchi Tiwari D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales Jos de la Fuente Izabela Michalak Youssef A. Attia 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):181
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in China from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus Rhinolophus. Following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, SARS-CoV-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. Results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that cat-to-cat and ferret-to-ferret transmission can take place via contact and air. However, natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported only in pet dogs and cats, tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, and gorillas at zoos, and farmed mink and ferrets. Even though human-to-animal spillover has been reported at several instances, SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals-to-humans has only been reported from mink-to-humans in mink farms. Following the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the mink population, a new mink-associated SARS-CoV-2 variant emerged that was identified in both humans and mink. The increasing reports of SARS-CoV-2 in carnivores indicate the higher susceptibility of animal species belonging to this order. The sporadic reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic and wild animal species require further investigation to determine if SARS-CoV-2 or related Betacoronaviruses can get established in kept, feral or wild animal populations, which may eventually act as viral reservoirs. This review analyzes the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in domestic and wild animal species and their possible implications on public health. 相似文献
3.
近年来多种感染人或家畜的冠状病毒病轮番出现,给人类社会的经济和公共卫生安全带来很大危害。特别是在2019年底出现并在全球迅速蔓延的SARS-CoV-2,由此引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在2019年12月至2020年3月之间在全球范围内造成超过7万人死亡。冠状病毒感染宿主的第一步是识别宿主细胞膜受体分子并与之结合,随后启动入侵使病毒基因组进入宿主细胞内部。因此冠状病毒细胞受体的阐明对于了解病毒的宿主与组织嗜性具有重要意义,同时也有助于了解病毒的致病与传播机制以及新型抗病毒药物研发。本文介绍了近年来主要的冠状病毒受体的最新研究进展,包括血管紧张素2(the angiotensin converting enzyme 2,ACE2)、氨基肽酶N(aminopeptidase N,APN)、二肽酰肽酶4(dipeptyl peptidase 4,DPP4)、唾液酸(sialic acid,SA)和癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子1(carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1,CEACAM1)等。 相似文献
4.
D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana Alejandra García-Barco S. Daniela Jimenez-Diaz Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana Maria C. Cardona-Trujillo Fausto Muoz-Lara Lysien I. Zambrano Luis A. Salas-Matta Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):250
COVID-19 pandemic is essentially a zoonotic disease. In this context, early in 2020, transmission from humans to certain animals began reporting; the number of studies has grown since. To estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals and to determine differences in prevalence between countries, years, animal types and diagnostic methods (RT-PCR or serological tests). A systematic literature review with meta-analysis using eight databases. Observational studies were included but analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for prevalence studies and case series. After the screening, 65 reports were selected for full-text assessment and included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 24 reports assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, combining a total of 321,785 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 11.6%–13.0%). Also, a total of 17 studies additionally assessed serological response against SARS-CoV-2, including nine by ELISA, four by PRTN, one by MIA, one by immunochromatography (rest, two studies, the method was not specified), combining a total of 5319 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 29.4% (95% CI 22.9%–35.9%). A considerable proportion of animals resulted infected by SARS-CoV-2, ranking minks among the highest value, followed by dogs and cats. Further studies in other animals are required to define the extent and importance of natural infection due to SARS-CoV-2. These findings have multiple implications for public human and animal health. One Health approach in this context is critical for prevention and control. 相似文献
5.
新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染导致的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情自2019年12月以来,已在全球221个国家和地区传播,导致1亿多人感染,230多万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2除了对公共卫生产生极大影响之外,全球已有24个国家和地区报告470余起动物感染疫情,涉及犬、猫、水貂、狮子、老虎等多种动物。因此,在同一健康框架下,应高度关注动物感染SARS-CoV-2的早期预警。本文描述了动物感染SARS-CoV-2的国际流行特点,对其流行现状和感染动物种类进行了综合分析,评估了当前国内防控动物SARS-CoV-2感染面临的形势,并提出了针对性的防控建议,为国内COVID-19联防联控和养殖业健康安全提供了借鉴。 相似文献
6.
开发快速、灵敏、特异的检测方法对于新发突发人兽共患病、动物疫病的监测及防控至关重要。规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列及相关蛋白(CRISPR-Cas)系统以高敏感性、特异性及可扩展性的DNA和RNA识别为特点,已成为新一代的分子诊断工具,在病原体快速检测技术研发中得到广泛应用。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中,基于CRISPR-Cas系统开发的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)检测试剂盒(SHERLOCK和DETECTR)在美国相继获批,中国研发的基于CRISPR-Cas12系统的SARS-CoV-2检测试剂盒也已获批上市,这表明基于CRISPR-Cas系统的病原体检测方法在未来的应用前景非常可观。文章首先简述了CRISPR-Cas系统类型,尤其是常用于病原体检测的Cas9、Cas12和Cas13;介绍了CRISPR-Cas系统的作用机理以及广泛应用。同时分析了CRISPR-Cas检测平台研发的关键技术问题,包括靶标基因的序列保守性、靶标基因的富集与扩增、终信号不同的读取方式等,并对CRISPR-Cas系统的未来发展及应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
Avian influenza viruses do not typically replicate efficiently in humans, indicating direct transmission of avian influenza virus to humans is unlikely. However, since 1997, several cases of human infections with different subtypes (H5N1, H7N7, and H9N2) of avian influenza viruses have been identified and raised the pandemic potential of avian influenza virus in humans. Although circumstantial evidence of human to human transmission exists, the novel avian-origin influenza viruses isolated from humans lack the ability to transmit efficiently from person-to-person. However, the on-going human infection with avian-origin H5N1 viruses increases the likelihood of the generation of human-adapted avian influenza virus with pandemic potential. Thus, a better understanding of the biological and genetic basis of host restriction of influenza viruses is a critical factor in determining whether the introduction of a novel influenza virus into the human population will result in a pandemic. In this article, we review current knowledge of type A influenza virus in which all avian influenza viruses are categorized. 相似文献
8.
9.
C. Spahr T. Knauf‐Witzens T. Vahlenkamp R. G. Ulrich R. Johne 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):11-29
Hepatitis E is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Large hepatitis E outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. Mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. In addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. Whereas the HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly confined to humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are also found in animals and can be zoonotically transmitted to humans. Domestic pig and wild boar represent the most important reservoirs for these genotypes. A distinct subtype of genotype 3 has been repeatedly detected in rabbits and a few human patients. Recently, HEV genotype 7 has been identified in dromedary camels and in an immunocompromised transplant patient. The reservoir animals get infected with HEV without showing any clinical symptoms. Besides these well‐known animal reservoirs, HEV‐specific antibodies and/or the genome of HEV or HEV‐related viruses have also been detected in many other animal species, including primates, other mammals and birds. In particular, genotypes 3 and 4 infections are documented in many domestic, wildlife and zoo animal species. In most cases, the presence of HEV in these animals can be explained by spillover infections, but a risk of virus transmission through contact with humans cannot be excluded. This review gives a general overview on the transmission pathways of HEV to humans. It particularly focuses on reported serological and molecular evidence of infections in wild, domestic and zoo animals with HEV or HEV‐related viruses. The role of these animals for transmission of HEV to humans and other animals is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Public health risk from avian influenza viruses 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Since 1997, avian influenza (AI) virus infections in poultry have taken on new significance, with increasing numbers of cases involving bird-to-human transmission and the resulting production of clinically severe and fatal human infections. Such human infections have been sporadic and are caused by H7N7 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity (HP) and H9N2 low-pathogenicity (LP) AI viruses in Europe and Asia. These infections have raised the level of concern by human health agencies for the potential reassortment of influenza virus genes and generation of the next human pandemic influenza A virus. The presence of endemic infections by H5N1 HPAI viruses in poultry in several Asian countries indicates that these viruses will continue to contaminate the environment and be an exposure risk with human transmission and infection. Furthermore, the reports of mammalian infections with H5N1 AI viruses and, in particular, mammal-to-mammal transmission in humans and tigers are unprecedented. However, the subsequent risk for generating a pandemic human strain is unknown. More international funding from both human and animal health agencies for diagnosis or detection and control of AI in Asia is needed. Additional funding for research is needed to understand why and how these AI viruses infect humans and what pandemic risks they pose. 相似文献
11.
Van Reeth K 《Veterinary research》2007,38(2):243-260
The introduction of swine or avian influenza (AI) viruses in the human population can set the stage for a pandemic, and many fear that the Asian H5N1 AI virus will become the next pandemic virus. This article first compares the pathogenesis of avian, swine and human influenza viruses in their natural hosts. The major aim was to evaluate the zoonotic potential of swine and avian viruses, and the possible role of pigs in the transmission of AI viruses to humans. Cross-species transfers of swine and avian influenza to humans have been documented on several occasions, but all these viruses lacked the critical capacity to spread from human-to-human. The extreme virulence of H5N1 in humans has been associated with excessive virus replication in the lungs and a prolonged overproduction of cytokines by the host, but there remain many questions about the exact viral cell and tissue tropism. Though pigs are susceptible to several AI subtypes, including H5N1, there is clearly a serious barrier to infection of pigs with such viruses. AI viruses frequently undergo reassortment in pigs, but there is no proof for a role of pigs in the generation of the 1957 or 1968 pandemic reassortants, or in the transmission of H5N1 or other wholly avian viruses to humans. The major conclusion is that cross-species transmission of influenza viruses per se is insufficient to start a human influenza pandemic and that animal influenza viruses must undergo dramatic but largely unknown genetic changes to become established in the human population. 相似文献
12.
The natural reservoir of all known subtypes of influenza A viruses are aquatic birds, mainly of the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes in which the infection is asymptomatic and the viruses stay at an evolutionary equilibrium. However, mammals may occasionally contract influenza A virus infections from this pool. This article summarizes: (i) natural infections in mammals including pigs, horses, marine mammals, ferrets, minks; (ii) results from experimental infections in several animal models including mice, ferrets, primates, rats, minks, hamsters and (iii) evidence for the increased pathogenicity of the current influenza A H5N1/Asia viruses for mammals. Several reports have shown that a number of mammalian species, including pigs, cats, ferrets, minks, whales, seals and finally also man are susceptible to natural infection with influenza A viruses of purely avian genetic make up. Among the mammalian species naturally susceptible to avian influenza virus the pig and the cat might exert the greatest potential public health impact. Despite numerous studies in animal and cell culture models, the basis of the extended host spectrum and the unusual pathogenicity of the influenza A H5N1 viruses for mammals is only beginning to be unraveled. Recently, also the transmission of equine influenza A virus to greyhound racing dogs has been documented. 相似文献
13.
M. J. Choi C. A. Morin J. Scheftel S. M. Vetter K. Smith R. Lynfield The Variant Influenza Investigation Team 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(5):326-330
Variant influenza viruses are swine‐origin influenza A viruses that cause illness in humans. Surveillance for variant influenza A viruses, including characterization of exposure settings, is important because of the potential emergence of novel influenza viruses with pandemic potential. In Minnesota, we have documented variant influenza A virus infections associated with swine exposure at live animal markets. 相似文献
14.
为初步了解水貂隐孢子虫病的流行情况,作者于2005年11月份用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法检查了河北省肃宁县某水貂养殖场的469份粪便样品。结果,8份粪便样品为隐孢子虫阳性,总感染率为1.71%(8/469)。其中,白貂感染率为2.15%(5/233)、灰貂感染率为2.08%(1/48)、黑貂感染率为1.06%(2/188)。所查的8份隐孢子虫阳性样品均来自5~6月龄的水貂,表明幼龄水貂容易感染隐孢子虫病而老龄水貂不易感染。另外,8份阳性样品多数来自雄性水貂,显示水貂的隐孢子虫感染可能存在性别的差异性。根据卵囊形态和大小将水貂隐孢子虫初步鉴定为小球隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)。同时,利用所收集的隐孢子虫卵囊进行了小白鼠感染试验,结果表明水貂源隐孢子虫不感染免疫抑制状态下的昆明系小白鼠。 相似文献
15.
2019年底新型冠状病毒(SARS-Co V-2)造成了对人类健康构成了巨大威胁的疫情,但其与猪冠状病毒基因组序列相似性低,在决定病毒宿主嗜性和毒力的纤突(spike,S)蛋白结构上具有较大差异,据此推测不能构成跨种传播。对蝙蝠携带冠状病毒多样性和分布区域的研究可有助于分析其对人类和养殖业的威胁,在公共卫生中具有积极意义。针对突发疫病,快速响应获得原始材料数据有助于疫病诊断、治疗和预防研究的开展。多种人冠状病毒S蛋白被证明是最适合开发的疫苗及治疗性抗体靶标,可在动物疫苗等产品的设计中借鉴。 相似文献
16.
Eugnie Baudon Marisa Peyre Dao Duy Tung Pham Thi Nga Nguyen Viet Khong Benjamin J. Cowling Malik Peiris 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(3):213-221
From May 2013 to April 2014, 15 swine family‐run farms (17 pig litters) in two districts in Hung Yen province, near Hanoi, were virologically and epizootiologically monitored for swine influenza viruses (SIV) monthly. No SIV was isolated from nasal swabs. Maternal antibodies were detected in 10 litters, and seroconversion against SIV was detected in six litters. There was a marked difference in patterns of SIV transmission in the two districts. Van Lam district which has low density of swine with mainly smallholder farms had low intensity of SIV, with much of the infection caused by H1N1 2009 pandemic‐like viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, likely originated from humans. In contrast, Van Giang district, which has high swine density and larger farms, had high levels of typical SIV (triple reassortants H3N2 and H3N2 Binh Duong lineage viruses) circulating within swine. With one exception, the SIV lineages detected were those we concurrently isolated from studies in a large central abattoir in Hanoi. Influenza‐like illness symptoms reported by farmers were poorly correlated with serological evidence of SIV infection. 相似文献
17.
猪新发冠状病毒研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
当前，由新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情正在全球暴发大流行，这也引发业界对于动物源性冠状病毒的高度关注。猪德尔塔冠状病毒（PDCoV）和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒（SADS-CoV）是近年来新发现的猪冠状病毒，不但严重危害到养猪业，对公共卫生安全也具有潜在威胁风险。本文结合国内外现有文献，从PDCoV和SADS-CoV的病原学、病毒起源与进化、致病性以及检测诊断技术等方面进行综述，并提出展望，以拓展对SARS-CoV-2的认识，并为PDCoV和SADS-CoV的后续研究提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
18.
Trichinella species are widely distributed throughout the world and are found in a large number of carnivorous animals, humans and incidental hosts. The data presented in this review show that Trichinella infection has been reported in both humans and animals in Mexico, Argentina and Chile since the end of the 19th century, and more recently in Bolivia. This parasitic infection is still a public health problem in countries such as Argentina and Chile. Although efforts have focused on the control and prevention of trichinellosis in these countries, there were still human cases and outbreaks of trichinellosis reported. Diagnosis of infection in animals such as pigs still includes, in many endemic areas, the use of trichinoscopy. In Argentina, however, artificial digestion has been recently introduced in slaughterhouses to detect Trichinella infection in pigs. In some endemic areas in Mexico, the use of serological assays for human trichinellosis and pig infections have resulted in improved detection. Most of the outbreaks of human trichinellosis in Mexico, Argentina and Chile have occurred as a result of the consumption of undercooked pork or pork products from animals raised under poor hygienic conditions and which are clandestinely slaughtered. In several studies, rats, dogs and cats have been found to be infected with Trichinella and may be considered a risk for transmission of the infection to pigs or other animals intended for human consumption. Another potential source of transmission of Trichinella to humans is horsemeat; however, information related to horse trichinellosis in Latin-American countries is scarce. In most cases the etiological agent of human trichinellosis in Central and South America has been reported to be Trichinella spiralis; however, only in a few cases has the parasite species been properly identified. Based on the reports available, it is clear that there is a need to carry out better controlled epidemiological studies to determine the true prevalence of the infection in this region of the world. Also, more sensitive methods of diagnosis and improvements in conditions for pig production as well as better sanitary inspection systems, are needed for controlling and preventing transmission of trichinellosis in these countries. 相似文献
19.
Currently, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still raging worldwide, which attracts great concern about coronavirus originated from animal. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) are newly discovered porcine coronaviruses in recent years, they not only damage pig industry severely but also pose potential threats to public health. This article reviews the literature concerning the etiology, origin and evolution, pathogenicity, and diagnostics of PDCoV and SADS-CoV, presenting the prospect of research work. We aim to expand understanding on SARS-CoV-2 and provide references for subsequent research on PDCoV and SADS-CoV. 相似文献