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1.
为评估草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对国产Bt玉米的抗性风险,基于抗性风险分析模型对草地贪夜蛾在3种Bt玉米和2种庇护所条件下的抗性时间进行预测分析。结果显示,无论是采用种子混合庇护所还是结构化庇护所,草地贪夜蛾对Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa-玉米的抗性时间均远长于对Vip3Aa-玉米和Cry1Ab-玉米的抗性时间。在Bt与非Bt植株之间存在异花授粉和幼虫转移的条件下,采用种子混合庇护所的抗性时间较采用结构化庇护所的抗性时间大大缩短。以采用Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa-玉米和比例为0.20的庇护所为例,当异花授粉Bt显性度为0.5、幼虫转移概率为0.95时,采用结构化庇护所的抗性时间超过200代,而采用种子混合庇护所的抗性时间只有59代。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾对Cry1Ab-玉米的抗性风险远大于对Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa-玉米的抗性风险,而种子混合庇护所条件下的抗性风险远大于结构化庇护所条件下的抗性风险。 相似文献
2.
为明确转Bt基因玉米对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的抗性,采用室内玉米离体组织生测法测定取食转Cry1Ab-ma基因抗虫玉米CM8101心叶、花丝和籽粒后草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫存活数量、存活幼虫的体重、蛹重、化蛹和羽化等参数,分析转Cry1Ab-ma基因抗虫玉米CM8101三种组织对草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫的抗性。结果显示,转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米CM8101心叶可完全杀死草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫,2龄幼虫有存活,存活率为10.0%,但不能化蛹与羽化;花丝可杀死大部分草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫,存活率为3.3%,并阻断其生活史,但对2龄幼虫杀伤力弱,存活率为73.3%,存活幼虫化蛹率和羽化率分别为20.0%和13.3%;籽粒可完全杀死草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫,2龄幼虫有存活,存活率为13.3%,有少量可化蛹,化蛹率为3.3%、有少量羽化,羽化率为3.3%。表明转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米CM8101在短期内对草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫有良好的控制作用。 相似文献
3.
国产Bt-Cry1Ab和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾的抗性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是世界性重大农业害虫。种植转基因Bt作物是主要的防治手段之一。我们利用室内生物测定方法评价了国产Bt-Cry1Ab玉米(转化体C0030.3.5)和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米(转化体DBN3601和DBN3608)对草地贪夜蛾1~4龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,供试两种转基因玉米共6个品种皆可高效表达目标杀虫蛋白并对草地贪夜蛾具有很强的毒杀作用,对1龄幼虫的致死率达到59%~100%,存活幼虫的生长发育亦受到显著抑制。表明国内研发的Bt-Cry1Ab玉米和Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米对草地贪夜蛾具有良好的控制效果,其中Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa)玉米的防治效果显著优于Bt-Cry1Ab玉米,两种转基因玉米皆具有较好的商业化应用前景。 相似文献
4.
为更好地了解苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone的毒力以及作用机理,通过饲喂含有Cry1Ac、Cry1Ab、Cry2Ab和Vip3Aa四种不同Bt毒素蛋白饲料,测定Bt毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫的毒力,并观察取食4种毒素蛋白后幼虫中肠组织的病理学变化。结果显示,二点委夜蛾幼虫取食毒素蛋白后72 h,Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫的杀虫活性较高,校正死亡率为84.7%和76.4%;Vip3Aa和Cry2Ab毒素蛋白的毒力较弱。二点委夜蛾幼虫取食4种Bt毒素蛋白后,中肠柱状细胞微绒毛脱落,杂乱地分散在肠腔内,杯状细胞变形和腔内微绒毛脱落,线粒体和内质网等变形破裂,细胞核的核膜消失、核质凝聚和形状发生变化,经Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac毒素蛋白处理后中肠细胞的病变症状和速度明显高于Cry2Ab和Vip3Aa毒素蛋白处理。表明Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac毒素蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫杀虫活性较高,显著高于Cry2Ab和Vip3Aa毒素蛋白,且对其中肠细胞的破坏作用也较强。 相似文献
5.
入侵云南草地贪夜蛾种群对5种常用Bt蛋白的敏感性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是原分布于美洲大陆热带和亚热带地区的一种重要玉米害虫。在当地,种植抗虫转基因玉米是防控草地贪夜蛾危害的主要手段。该虫于2019年1月入侵我国云南省,为明确入侵我国云南的草地贪夜蛾种群对常用Bt蛋白的敏感性水平,本文通过饲料表面涂抹法测定了瑞丽草地贪夜蛾幼虫对Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab以及Vip3A等5种Bt蛋白的敏感性。结果表明:几种常用Bt蛋白对瑞丽草地贪夜蛾致死作用顺序为Vip3A>Cry1Ab>Cry1F>Cry2Ab>Cry1Ac,对草地贪夜蛾抑制生长发育的顺序为Cry1Ab>Cry1F>Vip3A>Cry1Ac>Cry2Ab。此外,与美国相对敏感种群比较,云南瑞丽草地贪夜蛾种群对Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab和Vip3A的敏感性指标在0.28～3.76之间,表明该入侵种群对此5种Bt蛋白均未产生抗性。此研究可为将来建立以转Bt基因玉米作为防控草地贪夜蛾的技术体系提供依据。 相似文献
6.
Field‐evolved resistance to Bt maize in sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) in Argentina 
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下载免费PDF全文 Damián A Grimi Betiana Parody María Laura Ramos Marcos Machado Federico Ocampo Alan Willse Samuel Martinelli Graham Head 《Pest management science》2018,74(4):905-913
BACKGROUND
Maize technologies expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins are widely used in Argentina to control sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius). Unexpected D. saccharalis damage was observed to Bt maize events TC1507 (expressing Cry1F) and MON 89034 × MON 88017 (expressing Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2) in an isolated area of San Luis Province. Diatraea saccharalis larvae were sampled from MON 89034 × MON 88017 fields in the area to generate a resistant strain (RR), which was subsequently characterized in plant and diet bioassays.RESULTS
Survivorship of the RR strain was high on TC1507 leaf tissue, intermediate on MON 89034 × MON 88017, and low on MON 810 (expressing Cry1Ab). The RR strain had high resistance to Cry1A.105 (186.74‐fold) and no resistance to Cry2Ab2 in diet bioassays. These results indicate resistance to Cry1F and Cry1A.105 (and likely cross‐resistance between them) but not to Cry1Ab or Cry2Ab2. Resistance to MON 89034 × MON 88017 was functionally recessive. Reviews of grower records suggest that resistance initially evolved to Cry1F, conferring cross‐resistance to Cry1A.105, with low refuge compliance as the primary cause. A mitigation plan was implemented in San Luis that included technology rotation, field monitoring, and grower education on best management practices (BMPs) including refuges.CONCLUSION
In the affected area, the resistance to Cry1F and Cry1A.105 is being managed effectively through use of MON 89034 × MON 88017 and MON 810 in combination with BMPs, and no spread of resistance to other regions has been observed. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献7.
玉米是全球播种面积最大的粮食作物,事关世界粮食安全。鳞翅目和鞘翅目害虫是影响玉米产量和品质的重要因素,长期以来多数国家采取以喷施化学农药为主的防控策略,但存在较高的使用成本和环境风险等问题。作为新一代的害虫防控技术,转基因抗虫玉米于1996年开始在美国商业化种植,并迅速推广到巴西等主要玉米生产国家,成为防控草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda和欧洲玉米螟Ostrinia nubilalis等重大害虫的核心技术。该文综述了全球转基因抗虫玉米商业化的历史和防控害虫的作用,分析了美国对欧洲玉米螟和草地贪夜蛾等靶标害虫抗性治理的成功经验以及巴西等南美国家草地贪夜蛾对多种转基因抗虫玉米产生抗性的成因与教训。基于中国转基因抗虫玉米转化事件的研发现状、玉米生产模式、玉米害虫的区域发生特点和迁飞生物学等特性,提出在南方和西南山地丘陵玉米区种植包含Vip3A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米从源头防控草地贪夜蛾,在黄淮海夏玉米区种植包含Cry2A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米从源头防控棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera,在北方春玉米区种植包含Cry1A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米从源头防控亚洲玉米螟Ostr... 相似文献
8.
为评价我国自主研发的转基因玉米表达的Cry1Ab、PAT和EPSPS蛋白对日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis幼虫生长发育的安全风险,通过将外源蛋白混入日本通草蛉人工饲料中的方法,以加入砷酸二氢钾(KH_2AsO_4)的饲料为阳性对照,研究了日本通草蛉幼虫取食后的生长发育状况。结果表明:日本通草蛉取食含Cry1Ab和EPSPS蛋白饲料的幼虫发育历期、茧期、结茧率、羽化率及成虫体重等生物学参数与取食正常饲料处理相比均没有显著差异;而取食含PAT蛋白饲料的幼虫发育历期和结茧率分别为10.7 d和96.6%,与取食正常饲料的对照11.1 d和89.9%差异显著,即饲料中添加PAT蛋白显著提高了幼虫的存活率和发育速率;取食含KH_2AsO_4饲料的日本通草蛉幼虫不能存活到茧期,说明KH_2AsO_4具有显著的杀虫活性。ELISA检测结果表明,取食了分别添加有3种外源蛋白饲料的日本通草蛉幼虫体内可以检测到相应的Cry1Ab、EPSPS和PAT蛋白,含量分别为2 758.8~5 210.7、35 018.0~54 426.6、16.8~149.8 ng/g。表明转基因玉米所表达的Cry1Ab、EPSPS和PAT蛋白对日本通草蛉幼虫没有显著的不利影响。 相似文献
9.
Information on the mating and dispersal behaviour of the rice stem borers Scirpophaga incertulas and Chilo suppressalis is necessary for the design of resistance management strategies for rice varieties genetically engineered with toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We investigated whether S. incertulas and C. suppressalis move from the site of adult eclosion before mating to determine the likelihood that random mating will occur between adults eclosing in fields of Bt rice and refuge fields of non-Bt rice. Observations were made under laboratory, screenhouse and field conditions. Almost all S. incertulas males and females flew out of sight after cuticle expansion and hardening, as did most C. suppressalis. Approximately 15% of C. suppressalis females called and mated within 3?m of the site of eclosion, and approximately 5% of C. suppressalis males mated within 5?m of the site of eclosion. These results suggest that random mating is likely to occur between S. incertulas eclosing in Bt rice fields and nearby refuge fields. Although a small proportion of C. suppressalis did not move far before mating, random mating of moths from Bt and nearby refuge fields is also likely to occur in this species if Bt-resistant moths are rare. 相似文献
10.
Bt玉米已在美洲广泛种植20多年,成功控制了欧洲玉米螟Ostrinia nubilalis、草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda等玉米重大害虫为害。然而,近年来相继报道在波多黎各、巴西、阿根廷因草地贪夜蛾产生抗性而导致一些Bt玉米抗虫性丧失。尤其是在热带和亚热带地区,多数Bt玉米品种商业化种植仅3年就丧失了对草地贪夜蛾的抗性。本文分析了草地贪夜蛾的生物学和生态学、对Bt杀虫蛋白抗性遗传特征和交互抗性特性、种群抗性基因频率等内因对抗性演化的影响,以及Bt玉米种植的生态环境、耕作栽培制度、Bt玉米种类、抗性治理策略实施情况等外部环境因素对抗性演化的影响。根据我国玉米种植的生态格局,提出了"整体布局,源头治理"的抗性治理对策。即在草地贪夜蛾周年繁殖区要谨慎种植Bt玉米,尤其是避免种植表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的Bt玉米,以避免源头产生抗性而危及温带玉米主产区。遵循差异化(不同杀虫作用机理)选择Bt玉米品种原则,制定精准抗性监测计划,以高剂量-庇护所为抗性治理基本策略,在Bt玉米资源有限的情况下,落实好庇护所尤为重要。 相似文献
11.
为了明确目前转基因抗虫植物中表达的Bt蛋白对农田重要捕食性天敌大草蛉的生态安全性,采用三级营养食物链评价体系,分别以对供试Bt蛋白Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab具有抗性的靶标害虫或不敏感的非靶标害虫作为大草蛉的猎物,研究了供试3种蛋白对大草蛉的影响。结果表明,当大草蛉以抗性棉铃虫（抗Cry1Ac或Cry2Ab）或抗性玉米螟（抗Cry1F）为猎物时,供试3种Bt蛋白通过食物链对大草蛉幼虫（4龄幼虫重量和幼虫发育至蛹历期）、蛹（化蛹率、蛹重和蛹发育历期）及成虫（羽化率、雌虫重量、雄虫重量和单雌产卵量）的生长发育及产卵量均无显著影响;同样地,当大草蛉以对3种Bt蛋白不敏感的非靶标昆虫——绿盲蝽作为猎物时,通过食物链传递的Bt蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及繁殖也无显著影响。因此,目前转基因棉花、玉米或水稻中广泛表达的Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab蛋白,通过三级营养食物链,对大草蛉生长发育及繁殖均无潜在毒性。 相似文献
12.
转cry1Ab基因粳稻对稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价转cry1Ab基因粳稻(KMD1和KMD2)对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)成虫产卵行为的影响,采用"Y"型嗅觉仪和笼罩以及田间试验等方法对稻纵卷叶螟成虫对转基因水稻的趋性以及其产卵选择性进行了研究,并利用固相微萃取和GC-MS技术测定了这2种Bt水稻及其对照亲本秀水11挥发物的组成及其相对含量。结果表明,稻纵卷叶螟成虫在"Y"型嗅觉仪和小型笼罩内对Bt水稻和对照亲本的选择性差异不显著,而在大型笼罩和田间条件下均显著趋向于在非转基因水稻上产卵,其中大田中稻纵卷叶螟在KMD1、KMD2和对照中的百叶卵量分别为2.20±1.28、1.00±0.77和5.60±2.16粒。水稻挥发物的组成及其相对含量在Bt水稻及其对照亲本之间差异不显著。表明相对于Bt水稻,在田间条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫趋向于在非转基因水稻产卵,而水稻挥发物可能不是引起这种行为趋性的直接原因。 相似文献
13.
Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及酶活力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确转Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab基因棉花对大草蛉的影响,运用Bt蛋白与人工饲料混合的方法,以大于转基因棉花叶片中蛋白含量20倍的剂量饲喂大草蛉初孵幼虫,初步研究了Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab对大草蛉生物学参数和消化酶、解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明：取食含Bt蛋白饲料的大草蛉幼虫的发育历期、体重、蛹重、成虫体重、羽化率等生物学参数与对照相比均没有显著差异;在大草蛉幼虫体内可以检测到含量较高的Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白,分别为974.92~1 282.39 ng/g鲜重和5 592.62~6 082.92 ng/g鲜重,而在大草蛉成虫体内检测到的Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白含量非常低,分别为0.29~0.39 ng/g鲜重和50.34~56.71 ng/g鲜重;取食含Bt蛋白的饲料对大草蛉幼虫的类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶、氨肽酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性有一定的影响,但对大草蛉成虫影响与对照差异不显著。表明大草蛉取食含Bt蛋白的人工饲料后,虽然体内可以检测到一定含量的Bt蛋白,但对大草蛉的生长发育并没有显著的直接不利影响。 相似文献
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15.
为明确棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera ATP结合盒转运蛋白家族A蛋白亚家族2（ATP binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 2,ABCA2）在Cry2Ab杀虫机制中的作用,利用酵母双杂交技术研究棉铃虫ABCA2与Cry2Ab的结合特性,并利用RNA干涉（dsRNA和siRNA）降低ABCA2在细胞和幼虫中的表达,结合细胞毒理学试验分析ABCA2的功能。结果表明,棉铃虫ABCA2能与Cry2Ab特异性结合;棉铃虫的ABCA2序列与美洲棉铃虫H.zea相关序列的相似度为92.86%,利用dsRNA干涉美洲棉铃虫中肠细胞ABCA2的表达能显著降低Cry2Ab对中肠细胞的毒力;利用siRNA干涉技术降低ABCA2在棉铃虫幼虫活体中的表达也显著降低了Cry2Ab对幼虫的毒力。表明棉铃虫ABCA2不仅是Cry2Ab的特异性结合蛋白,而且参与Cry2Ab的杀虫过程,是Cry2Ab的一个重要功能受体。 相似文献
16.
BACKGROUND: Busseola fusca is a major pest of maize in Africa but unfortunately is difficult to control using chemical insecticides. Insect‐resistant transgenic crops may provide an alternative viable strategy to control this pest. RESULTS: Recombinant Cry1Ab (1%) reduced larval weight by 60% over the trial period, while larval weight in the control group increased by 25%; no effects on mortality were observed. Insect survival, developmental rate and pupal and adult weight were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) on maize expressing Cry1Ab (MON810) compared with the non‐transformed parental line. These differences were more pronounced with second‐instar larvae than with third‐instar larvae. Leaf area consumed by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)‐fed larvae was significantly lower (0.5 cm2 larva?1 day?1) compared with the area consumed by control‐fed insects (3.3 cm2 larva?1 day?1). EM studies revealed that consumption of Bt maize deleteriously affected gut integrity. Effects were observed in columnar cells of the midgut epithelium, with the cytoplasm becoming highly vacuolated; the microvilli were disorganised, the mitochondria were abnormal and there was an increase in the number of lysosomal bodies. The rough endoplasmic reticulum had also become dilated. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the potential for Bt maize, when used as part of an IPM programme, for control of B. fusca. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Swapan Chakrabarty Minghui Jin Chao Wu Panchali Chakraborty Yutao Xiao 《Pest management science》2020,76(5):1612-1617
Vip3A proteins are widely used for controlling pest Lepidoptera. Different binding sites with different receptors in the insect midgut membrane and lack of cross‐resistance with crystal (Cry) proteins enhance their applicability, as both single proteins and proteins pyramided with Cry proteins in transgenic Bt crops. Vip3A proteins are effective but there is relatively little information about their structure, function, activation, specificity, and mode of action. In addition, the mechanism of insect resistance to these proteins is unknown. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that Vip3A proteins are genetically distant from Cry proteins. The mode of action and insecticidal activity of Vip3A proteins are discussed in this review. This review also provides detailed information about the Vip3A protein family that may aid in the design of more efficient pest management strategies in response to insect resistance to insecticidal proteins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
为明确二化螟幼虫群集密度对种群增长的影响,在室内用人工饲料饲养比较了不同幼虫密度对二化螟生长发育的影响。结果表明,高幼虫密度800头/盒胁迫下,二化螟雌、雄幼虫和蛹的发育更快,其幼虫+蛹历期分别比低密度100头/盒处理要快8.0 d和6.0 d;化蛹率和羽化率较100头/盒处理分别显著下降了25.7和25.0个百分点,且雌、雄蛹重分别减少了9.4 mg和4.8 mg;但对二化螟成虫性比、寿命、产卵量和卵孵化率无显著影响。低密度100头/盒处理下二化螟幼虫发育最好,其种群增长指数为56.9,化蛹率达61.4%,羽化率达57.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为58.3 mg和43.0 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较长,雌虫为58.5 d,雄虫为53.9 d。高密度800头/盒胁迫下二化螟幼虫发育最差,其种群增长指数仅为24.1,化蛹率仅为35.7%,羽化率为32.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为48.9 mg和38.2 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较短,雌虫为50.5 d,雄虫为47.9 d。表明在恒定的空间和有限的食物中,幼虫密度过大会导致种内竞争加剧,使得幼虫可能倾向以更快的速度化蛹,确保其存活率以更好地繁殖后代。 相似文献
19.
本文利用花粉饲喂法研究了转crylAh基因玉米花粉对龟纹瓢虫Propyleajaponica生长发育及成虫移动能力的影响。结果显示,与混有适量蚜虫的非转基因亲本对照玉米花粉（花粉与蚜虫重量比为2：1）相比,龟纹瓢虫幼虫取食混有适量蚜虫的转crylAh基因玉米花粉（花粉与蚜虫重量比为2：1）后,幼虫总发育历期、蛹期和成虫寿命均无显著差异,但l、3和4龄幼虫的发育历期显著高于对照,2龄幼虫的发育历期显著低于对照;2龄和4龄幼虫的存活率与对照无显著差异,但3龄幼虫的存活率显著增加;幼虫取食Bt花粉对该虫的蛹重、羽化率和雌雄比与对照无显著差异。幼虫期取食Bt玉米花粉而成虫期取食蚜虫对成虫的日产卵量无不利影响,与对照无显著差异。幼虫取食Bt玉米花粉羽化后雄虫和雌虫的步速和翻跃时间与对照均无显著差异。 相似文献
20.
为明确转cry1Ab基因玉米植株残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白在不同条件下的降解动态,选取转cry1Ab基因玉米MON810和Bt11,采用ELISA方法测定4种条件下秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的残留量。结果表明,在不同条件、不同取样时间,2种玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的残留量差异显著;整株秸秆中的Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度比粉碎后的慢;秸秆粉碎埋入土壤后播种冬小麦,玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解速度最快,且可完全降解;在不同条件下,MON810玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度比Bt11玉米慢,MON810和Bt11玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的DT50分别为10.2~207.8、13.6~124.0 d,DT90分别为185.1~368.3、45.2~224.0 d。研究表明,在不同条件下MON810和Bt11玉米秸秆中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的降解速度不同,依次为秸秆粉碎后埋在土壤后种植冬小麦秸秆粉碎埋在玉米田土壤中秸秆粉碎后放在地表整株秸秆放在地表。 相似文献