共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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观察了棉属(Gossypium)不同染色体组、不同染色体倍性的种间杂种及其加倍后代的28个材料的叶片气孔,测定了气孔密度、气孔保卫细胞的大小及其中叶绿粒数目.结果表明,不同染色体组间、不同棉种间和不同染色体倍性间在这些性状上均存在明显的差异.这些差异的总趋势是染色体倍性间>染色体组间>种间>种内.染色体倍性提高,气孔保卫细胞的大小及其中叶绿粒数目增加,而气孔器密度减小.认为叶片气孔保卫细胞中的叶绿粒计数配合保卫细胞大小和气孔器密度的测量,可以用于不同染色体倍性棉花植株的鉴定. 相似文献
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饲用甜菜染色体倍性与叶片气孔性状相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以饲用甜菜二倍体和四倍体为试验材料,研究了气孔的长、宽度及气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目与倍性的关系.结果表明:二倍体植株与四倍体植株的气孔长、宽度和保卫细胞叶绿体数之间差异显著.四倍体气孔长度约为二倍体的1.8倍,宽度约为二倍体的1.42倍;且相对于气孔宽度,气孔长度具有更好的可靠性和区分效果;二倍体植株与四倍体植株的保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值分别为13.69和23.24,可将保卫细胞气孔长度与保卫细胞叶绿体数两个气孔性状相结合,作为饲用甜菜多倍体育种初期的筛选鉴定指标. 相似文献
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用西瓜叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数鉴定西瓜染色体倍性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了寻求简便、快速的西瓜染色体倍性鉴定方法,以二倍体西瓜TS和0517及其同源四倍体为试材,通过观察叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数来鉴定西瓜染色体倍性.结果表明,两倍性间的叶绿体数差异显著.二倍体叶绿体数在15个以下,四倍体叶绿体数大于等于15个;气孔叶绿体数随染色体倍性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数预测植株倍性的准确率可达90.2%,因此,用万能荧光显微镜观察叶绿体数可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性. 相似文献
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《金陵科技学院学报》2016,(1)
采用细胞中染色体计数、叶绿体计数和叶片下表皮气孔大小观测等方法,以植株来源的原始二倍体为对照,对茄子花药培养获得的7个植株进行倍性鉴定。结果表明:7个再生植株中,5株为单倍体,1株为二倍体,1株为四倍体。根尖细胞染色体计数法是鉴定单倍体的最佳方法;多倍体可以采用减数分裂过程进行倍性鉴定;表皮气孔大小、保卫细胞中叶绿体数目、成株期叶形指数均可以作为倍性鉴定的间接方法;3种间接鉴定方法结合植株结实和结籽性,可以准确鉴定植株倍性。 相似文献
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甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子再生植株染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】研究甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性,为甘蓝类蔬菜提供一种快速、简易、经济、实用而又可靠的倍性鉴定方法。【方法】采用分布型分析和t测验,对结球甘蓝、青花菜和芥蓝不同倍性的小孢子再生植株的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行统计分析。以根尖染色体计数法和田间形态学观察法的倍性鉴定结果,对叶绿体数分界法的可靠性进行验证。【结果】同一倍性植株上的不同叶片间及同一叶片的不同部位间,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值及变异幅度非常接近。同一小孢子再生植株群体内的不同倍性植株的叶绿体数平均值差异极显著。不同倍性植株间的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数均呈正态分布。本研究提出了一种根据甘蓝类蔬菜气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行染色体倍性鉴定的方法,即气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数≤10的为单倍体,10＜叶绿体数≤15的为二倍体,＞15的为多倍体。该方法经花期形态学观察和根尖染色体计数法验证,其吻合率达93.93%,且此倍性鉴定方法稳定,不受植株生长环境等外界因素影响。【结论】甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性,可于幼苗期根据气孔叶绿体数目的多少进行鉴定,而且此倍性鉴定方法简单、快捷、经济而又可靠。 相似文献
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秋水仙素诱导四倍体耐热长豇豆的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以二倍体豇豆荚天下3号为材料,用不同浓度秋水仙素处理其子叶期茎尖生长点,通过对变异株进行形态学、解剖学、农艺学、细胞学鉴定, 获得同源四倍体（2n=4x=44）。结果表明,02%秋水仙素处理4次的效果最佳,四倍体诱变率达到233%。与二倍体相比,四倍体植株叶片厚度和宽度、气孔大小、保卫细胞内叶绿体数目、花器官大小、花粉粒大小、种子宽度等均表现巨大性,气孔密度和单果荚种子数明显降低;四倍体豇豆荚果横茎、长度、鲜重、干物质含量等农艺学性状明显高于二倍体。用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定,二倍体DNA相对含量为250,四倍体为500。根尖染色体鉴定的结果与流式细胞仪鉴定结果一致。 相似文献
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辣椒染色体倍性水平的快速检测 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了寻求简便、快速的辣椒染色体倍性鉴定方法,以辣椒纯系B19、B23花药培养产生的单倍体植株(n=x=12)及用其种子长成的二倍体植株为试材,对用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法鉴定其倍数性进行了研究。结果表明,单倍体和二倍体辣椒植株气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值的差异极显著,单倍体的叶绿体数在13以下,二倍体的叶绿体数等于或大于13;气孔叶绿体数目随染色体倍数性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目预测植株倍性的准确率可达92.68%。表明采用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性。 相似文献
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YUAN Su-xia LIU Yu-mei FANG Zhi-yuan YANG Li-mei ZHUANG Mu ZHANG Yang-yong SUN Pei-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(8)
The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale. In the experiment, distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy level in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among the different locations in the same leaf, while the chloroplast number varied significantly among the different ploidy stoma in the same variety. All the distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, diploids 11 to 15, and polyploids more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Furthermore, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. 相似文献
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3种黄连叶片表皮特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对三角叶黄连、峨嵋黄连、味连等3种黄连的叶片气孔长度、气孔指数、气孔密度及气孔周围细胞数等表皮特征进行了比较研究,结果表明3种黄连叶片上下表皮细胞形状均为不规则型,叶片上表皮细胞垂周壁以波纹型为主;叶片下表皮细胞垂周壁有深波纹型、波纹型和浅波纹型,其中三角叶黄连以深波纹型为主。3种黄连叶片气孔分布在下表皮,属于无规则型。SSR测验气孔长度、气孔指数、气孔密度及气孔周围细胞数等均表现种内差异性比种间差异性大。 相似文献
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YUAN Su-xia LIU Yu-mei FANG Zhi-yuan YANG Li-mei ZHUANG Mu ZHANG Yang-yong SUN Pei-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(8):939-946
The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale. In the experiment, distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy level in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among significantly among the different ploidy the different locations in the same stoma in the same variety. All the leaf, while the chloroplast number varied distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, diploids 11 to 15, and polyploids more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Furthermore, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. 相似文献
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