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1.
Of 16 dogs treated medically and surgically for gastric dilatation-volvulus, 11 developed electrocardiographic evidence of ventricular dysrhythmias. Seven of these dogs had ventricular dysrhythmias for the first time during their hospitalization after surgery. The ventricular dysrhythmias included ventricular premature depolarizations, slow ventricular rhythms, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and multifocal ventricular tachycardia. Two of these dogs had electrocardiographic evidence of atrial premature depolarizations at the time of hospitalization. Treatment with lidocaine hydrochloride or procainamide hydrochloride was successful in reestablishing sinus rhythm in 9 of the 11 dogs with ventricular dysrhythmias.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this study was to assess the type and frequency of cardiac dysrhythmias occurring after routine ovariohysterectomy or orchidectomy in young, healthy dogs by using 2 anesthetic protocols (group I: propofol and isoflurane; group II: thiopental and halothane). Fifty dogs under 2 years of age, judged to be clinically normal by physical examination and standard electrocardiography, were evaluated by using 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography. The most common dysrhythmias in the postoperative period were 2nd degree atrioventricular block (44%), ventricular premature complexes (44%), and atrial premature complexes (32%). For study purposes, more than 100 ventricular or atrial premature complexes per 24 hours, or any occurrence of R-on-T phenomenon, ventricular or atrial tachycardia were classified as clinically significant arrhythmias. Significant arrhythmias were observed in 9 dogs in the postoperative period, 5 of which were in group I and 4 in group II. All of these dogs were under 1 year of age. The R-on-T phenomenon occurred in 4 dogs in group II and 1 dog in group I. Results from this study show that significant arrhythmias, including R-on-T phenomenon, can occur in the perioperative period in young, healthy dogs undergoing routine surgeries with both protocols used.  相似文献   

3.
The effectiveness of levamisole hydrochloride as a microfilaricidal agent when used 3 weeks after thiacetarsamide sodium therapy for canine dirofilariasis, was studied in 6 experimental dogs and 20 clinical cases. The drug, when administered orally in gelatine capsules daily, cleared microfilariae from the circulation in the experimental dogs in 7 to 11 days. A dose rate of 10mg/kg appeared as effective as 15mg/kg. In the clinical group 70% of dogs had zero microfilarial counts after 4 to 8 doses at 10mg/kg daily. Vomiting, diarrhoea and inappetence were observed in some animals, but were not a significant problem. Elevations in plasma GPT and AP levels were recorded during the administration of levamisole in some dogs while GOT levels rose in 1 dog only. Urea and creatinine levels were unaffected in all dogs. The only haematological parameter affected was the eosinophil count which rose during levamisole administration. All levamisole-treated animals, were successfully commenced on daily DEC, as a prophylactic measure, while an anaphylactic-type reaction occurred when this drug was administered to 1 of the 2 control animals.  相似文献   

4.
A 16‐year‐old Arab mare was referred for treatment of a tachydysrhythmia detected on electrocardiogram by the referring veterinarian. Monomorphic, narrow‐complex ventricular tachycardia (VT) was confirmed by electro‐cardiogram in a normal base‐apex configuration. Subsequent diagnostic testing, including echocardiography and measurement of plasma cardiac troponin concentration, did not reveal a definitive cause for the dysrhythmia. Conversion of VT to ventricular bigeminy occurred following treatment with magnesium sulfate and lidocaine hydrochloride, administered intravenously. Treatment with orally administered propranolol subsequently led to conversion to sinus rhythm with intermittent ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). Oral prednisolone treatment was also initiated to address the possibility that VT resulted from underlying myocarditis. The mare was discharged with oral propranolol, a tapering course of prednisolone, and exercise restriction. Follow‐up cardiac examination 6 weeks later revealed persistent, intermittent VPCs and reversion to VT occurred during exercise. Sinus rhythm with intermittent VPCs was re‐established following the administration of lidocaine. The mare was again discharged with oral propranolol therapy, which was subsequently replaced with oral sotalol. Sudden death occurred 4 weeks later but a post mortem examination was not performed.  相似文献   

5.
Ambulatory electrocardiography techniques are superior to standard electrocardiography in evaluating rhythm disturbances in dogs with episodic weakness or collapse. Disadvantages include cumbersome equipment, short recording periods and an inherent delay in trace analysis. A small programmable cardiac event recorder with combined automatic and owner-triggered recording capability was evaluated in 13 healthy dogs in a hospital environment. The unit was well tolerated and produced diagnostic recordings directly to a personal computer, with useful information about continuous heart rate. It detects premature complexes, pauses and bradycardias according to programmed detection thresholds. These events were counted frequently but trace review revealed concerns regarding specificity. Recordings were often triggered by sinus arrhythmia, sinus tachycardia and unclassifiable rate changes rather than by clinically significant arrhythmias. Correct detection of ventricular ectopic complexes, a single supraventricular premature complex, sinus arrest and second-degree atrioventricular block occurred in individual dogs. Visual review of all automatically recorded events was essential and significantly increased the time required for event recording analysis. Manual recordings might be more useful and the overall results suggest that further studies are warranted to evaluate the system in clinical cases in the home environment.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate heart rate characteristics in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy following premedication with medetomidine or acepromazine. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 43 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURE: 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography was performed beginning approximately 1 hour prior to administration of premedications. Dogs were premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol (n = 21) or acepromazine and butorphanol (22) and, approximately 85 minutes later, were anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. Electrocardiographic recordings were examined to determine heart rate, cardiac conduction disturbances (ventricular premature complexes and atrioventricular block), and indices of heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS: Minimum heart rate during the 24-hour recording period was significantly lower among dogs given medetomidine than among dogs given acepromazine, but during the postoperative period, heart rate increased in all dogs as they became physically active. Intraoperative time domain HRV indices were lower and the low frequency-to-high frequency ratio was higher among dogs given acepromazine than among dogs given medetomidine; however, significant differences between groups were no longer seen by 6 hours after surgery. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the number of ventricular premature complexes or to values of scaling exponent alpha2 (a nonlinear measure of HRV). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that there are greater enhancements in vagally related heart rate indices in medetomidine-treated dogs that may persist until 6 hours after surgery. Despite the low heart rates, dogs given medetomidine showed expected responses to surgery and positional stimuli, and the 2 preanesthetic protocols may not result in different prevalences of ventricular premature complexes.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with cardiomyopathy and echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 48 mature Boxers. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for information on age; sex; physical examination findings; and results of electrocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. RESULTS: Mean age of the dogs was 6 years (range, 1 to 11 years).Twenty (42%) dogs had a systolic murmur, and 9 (19%) had ascites. Congestive heart failure was diagnosed in 24 (50%) dogs. Seventeen (35%) dogs had a history of syncope. Mean fractional shortening was 14.4% (range, 1% to 23%). Mean left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters were 4.5 cm (range, 3 to 6.3 cm) and 5.3 cm (range, 3.9 to 7.4 cm), respectively. Twenty-eight (58%) dogs had a sinus rhythm with ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and 20 had supraventricular arrhythmias (15 with atrial fibrillation and 5 with sinus rhythm and atrial premature complexes). Sixteen of the dogs with supraventricular arrhythmias also had occasional VPCs. Morphology of the VPCs seen on lead II ECGs was consistent with left bundle branch block in 25 dogs, right bundle branch block in 8, and both in 11. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction frequently have arrhythmias of supraventricular or ventricular origin. Whether ventricular dysfunction was preceded by electrical disturbances could not be determined from these data, and the natural history of myocardial disease in Boxers requires further study.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Ventricular tachyarrhythmias occur in association with cardiac and extracardiac disorders in many species of animals, but information identifying concurrent disorders in cats with such arrhythmias is scarce. Methods: We investigated coexisting diseases by retrospectively evaluating medical records of cats with ventricular tachyarrhythmias seen during a 51‐month period at 1 institution. For comparative purposes, we evaluated records of dogs with similar arrhythmias during the same time period. All cats and dogs had premature ventricular complexes, accelerated idioventricular rhythm, ventricular tachycardia, or some combination of these arrhythmias, and all had undergone echocardiography during the same visit that led to the diagnosis of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Results and Conclusions: Most (102/106; 96%) cats had at least 1 echocardiographically apparent abnormality concurrent with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cats were most commonly associated with myocardial disease (eg, left ventricular concentric hypertrophy [n = 66], restrictive or unclassified cardiomyopathy [n = 17], and dilated cardiomyopathy [n = 6]). When comparing dogs and cats that had ventricular tachyarrhythmias and were diagnosed on the same clinical service of the same institution, an echocardiographically apparent cardiac lesion was seen more often in cats (102/106, 96%) than in dogs (95/138, 69%) (P < .001).  相似文献   

9.
Intracardiac rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Intracardiac rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed in a 14-month-old Golden Retriever referred for evaluation of syncope. The dog was weak, with irregular heart rate, pulse deficit, heart murmur, and hepatomegaly. Thoracic radiography revealed generalized cardiomegaly, and electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm with multiform ventricular premature complexes and intermittent ventricular tachycardia. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed extensive soft-tissue density masses in both ventricles. An intracardiac neoplasm seen at postmortem examination was identified histologically as rhabdomyosarcoma, an uncommon intracardiac tumor in dogs.  相似文献   

10.
Mature dogs were vaccinated with a myxovirus vaccine. At this time, half of the dogs were also given a subcutaneous injection of levamisole hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg). Blood platelets were counted daily. The dogs that had received only the vaccine showed, after 48 hours, a 48% decrease in platelets. Levamisole reduced the thrombocytopenia associated with myxovirus vaccination. Levamisole could have a protective effect on platelets by preventing their aggregation induced by viral neuraminidase.  相似文献   

11.
Milrinone is a recently synthesized bypyridine compound with positive inotropic and arteriolar dilating properties in persons and experimental animals. To examine the efficacy and safety of milrinone to treat myocardial failure in dogs, dogs with myocardial failure were selected from the patient populations of 3 veterinary hospitals. Progressively increased dosages of milrinone, from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, were administered over 14 days, and cardiac responses, as determined by M-mode echocardiography, and clinical responses were recorded. An effective dosage of milrinone was identified for each dog and administered for 4 weeks to evaluate the stability of the cardiac response. A randomized blinded study of drug vs nondrug capsule or nondrug elixer (designated placebo) was performed at the end of 4 weeks to eliminate possible effects of investigator bias or spontaneous regression of the disease. The duration of drug effect was determined by evaluating echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular function for 12 hours after drug administration. Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function improved in dogs given milrinone. The effective dosage was between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Tolerance to milrinone did not develop during the 4-week study. In dogs given placebo during the randomized blinded study, echocardiographic values decreased significantly. Dogs that were given milrinone remained echocardiographically stable. During the study, 6 dogs improved clinically, 5 remained the same, 1 had a decrease in exercise tolerance, 1 died of severe heart failure, and 1 died of hypoadrenocorticism. Ventricular tachydysrhythmia was exacerbated in 2 dogs, but was not treated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

12.
Heart rate and systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures were measured in two groups of dogs during treatment of postoperative ventricular arrhythmias either with intravenous (IV) 2% lidocaine hydrochloride or procainamide hydrochloride. Hemodynamic parameters were not significantly changed after IV administration of either drug. Additionally, changes in hemodynamic parameters for dogs treated with 2% lidocaine were not significantly different from those of dogs treated with procainamide. When dosed appropriately in the clinical setting, one bolus of IV procainamide was safe for the treatment of postoperative ventricular arrhythmias.  相似文献   

13.
Verapamil, a calcium channel-blocking drug, was administered IV at a dosage that ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 mg/kg of body weight to 14 dogs with supraventricular tachycardia. The dosage was titrated, administering 0.05 mg/kg every 5 to 30 minutes following the initial 0.05 mg/kg dose in all but 1 dog. The drug terminated the arrhythmia in 12 dogs and slowed the ventricular rate in 1 dog. One dog was unresponsive to verapamil administration and became transiently hypotensive after the administration of a total dose of 0.15 mg/kg over 5 to 6 minutes. Various arrhythmias occurred after verapamil administration, but none required additional treatment or caused serious sequelae. Verapamil was an effective treatment for acutely converting supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm in these dogs. It appears to be safe when administered in the aforementioned dosage range.  相似文献   

14.
This study was designed to evaluate possible organ and system disorders associated with experimentally induced levamisole poisoning in dogs. For this purpose, twelve clinically healthy dogs of different ages, sexes and breeds were used. They were divided into two equal groups (Group A and Group B) and given levamisole orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for three days. The dogs in Group B were also injected with atropin sulphate (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously (sc) 1 hour after each administration of levamisole. Routine clinical examinations were made and some haematological, biochemical and blood gas parameters were established at various times after administration of levamisole. The dogs in Group A developed severe neurological signs, gastric haemorrhage, bloody vomiting, colic, anaemia and four dogs died. In Group B these signs were mild and only one dog died. Levamisole poisoning was characterised by a significant reduction in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and by anaemia. Peripheral blood pH, actual bicarbonate of plasma (HCO3), actual base excess (BE), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and saturated oxygen (O2SAT) increased in both groups of animals and these dogs developed metabolic alkalosis 48 hours after the first administration of levamisole. The results of the study also show that levamisole poisoning in dogs causes a significant increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and in the concentration of urea in both Group A and Group B. In the study, atropin sulphate reduced the severity of the clinical signs and the number of deaths, but it was not alone sufficient to remedy levamisole poisoning in dogs.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiac electrical function in the Spectacled Flying Fox (bat) infested with Ixodes holocyclus. DESIGN: Prospective clinical investigation of bats treated for naturally occurring tick toxicity. PROCEDURE: ECGs were performed on bats with tick toxicity (n = 33), bats that recovered slowly (n = 5) and normally (n = 5) following treatment for tick toxicity, and on normal bats with no history of tick toxicity (n = 9). RESULTS: Bats with tick toxicity had significantly prolonged corrected QT intervals, bradycardia and rhythm disturbances which included sinus bradydysrhythmia, atrial standstill, ventricular premature complexes, and idioventricular bradydysrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: The QT prolongation observed on ECG traces of bats with tick toxicity reflected delayed ventricular repolarisation and predisposed to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death in response to sympathetic stimulation. The inability to document ventricular tachycardia in bats shortly before death from tick toxicity may be explained by a lack of sympathetic responsiveness attributable to the unique parasympathetic innervation of the bat heart, or hypothermia-induced catecholamine receptor down-regulation. Bradycardia and rhythm disturbances may be attributable to hypothermia.  相似文献   

16.
Fifteen cats and 6 dogs developed ventricular arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. Halothane was administered by precision vaporizer, using a semiclosed anesthetic system. Cardiac arrhythmias were diagnosed within 5 to 10 minutes after a surgical plane of anesthesia was achieved. Arrhythmias in 9 of 15 cats and 3 of 6 dogs were converted to sinus rhythm by increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred within 4 minutes. Cardiac arrhythmias were reestablished in 8 of 9 cats and 2 of 3 dogs, after decreasing the inspired halothane concentration to its original value. Increasing the inspired halothane concentration can convert anesthetic-associated ventricular arrhythmias to sinus rhythm in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

17.
Levamisole administered by oral, subcutaneous or transdermal routes following vaccination against Pasteurella multocida enhanced the humoral response in cross-bred calves. The group that received levamisole subcutaneously elicited highly significant (P less than 0.01) antibody titres during the primary humoral response in comparison with groups that received levamisole orally or transdermally. During the secondary response in the same experiment, levamisole administered subcutaneously and transdermally showed highly significant (P less than 0.01) haemagglutination titres relative to oral administration of the drug. In a second experiment, the group that received levamisole subcutaneously showed highly significant (P less than 0.01) antibody titres during the anamnestic humoral response over other treated groups.  相似文献   

18.
The dose-limiting toxicity of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicosis. The authors of this report hypothesized that by using their institution's adopted guidelines (that involve prescreening echocardiography and electrocardiography), they would detect pre-existing cardiac abnormalities that preclude doxorubicin administration in <10% of dogs. Of 101 dogs, only 6 were excluded from doxorubicin administration based on electrocardiogram abnormalities, with a majority of those arrhythmias classified as ventricular premature contractions. One patient was excluded based on echocardiogram alone due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The incidence of cardiotoxicity in treated dogs was 8% (8/101). Additional pretreatment and ongoing studies are indicated to identify risk factors for cardiotoxicity.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plication of the free wall of the left ventricle, which reduces the left ventricular area and volume, as a method to improve the left ventricular systolic function without cardiopulmonary bypass. ANIMALS: 8 mixed-breed adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was induced in each dog by administration of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2, i.v., q 21 d for 168 days).Two dogs died during induction of cardiomyopathy. Plication surgery was performed in 4 dogs. Two dogs did not ondergo to surgery (control group). Values for cardiac output (CO), 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiography, blood cell counts, and serum biochemical analyses were recorded after induction of DCM (baseline) and 1, 2, 7, 15, 21, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after plication surgery. Ambulatory ECG (Holter) recordings were conducted for 24 hours on the day of surgery. RESULTS: 1 dog died after plication surgery. The remaining dogs undergoing ventricular plication had a significant improvement in CO, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening and reductions of left ventricular area and volume after surgery. Electrocardiographic and Holter recordings revealed premature ventricular complexes, which resolved without treatment during the first week after surgery. Clinical condition of the control dogs declined, and these 2 dogs died approximately 40 days after induction of cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plication of the free wall of the left ventricle improved left ventricular systolic function in dogs with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its application in dogs with naturally developing DCM.  相似文献   

20.
Premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia were detected in 10 dogs 1 to 48 hours after trauma. All dogs were treated aggressively if the arrhythmias became severe. One dog died, 8 were discharged with stable cardiac rhythm, and 1 was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed gross and microscopic lesions of acute myocardial necrosis, probably of ischemic origin. Cardiac arrhythmias were associated with thoracic trauma, neurologic injury, severe shock, and/or extensive tissue trauma.  相似文献   

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