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1.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the lipidemic response of rice bran and the possible enhancement of its healthful properties by using raw or processed white or brown rice in place of corn starch. All diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 15% fat, and 0.5% cholesterol. Weanling male golden Syrian hamsters were fed cellulose control (CC), processed corn starch (PCS), cellulose with processed brown rice (CPBR), rice bran (RB), RB with white rice (RBWR), RB with processed white rice (RBPWR), RB with brown rice (RBBR), and RB with processed brown rice (RBPBR) diets. After three weeks, the PCS diet significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol (TC) compared with the CC, CPBR, RBWR, and RBPBR diets. RB and RBBR diets significantly lowered TC and LDL‐C compared with CPBR diet. All the RB‐containing and PCS diets significantly lowered liver cholesterol and liver lipid content. Processing white rice increased TDF content 240% and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 360%, whereas soluble dietary fiber (SDF) decreased by 25%. Uncooked brown rice contained 7 times as much TDF as uncooked white rice. Processing brown rice decreased its TDF, IDF and SDF contents by 12, 6, and 42%, respectively. The data suggest that a possible mechanism for cholesterol‐lowering by rice bran, with or without added raw or processed rice (white or brown), is by decreasing lipid digestibility and increasing neutral sterol excretion, whereas cholesterol‐lowering by processed corn starch is mediated through other mechanisms.  相似文献   

2.
The physiological effects of the hydrolysates of white rice protein (WRP), brown rice protein (BRP), and soy protein (SP) hydrolyzed by the food grade enzyme, alcalase2.4 L, were compared to the original protein source. Male Syrian Golden hamsters were fed high-fat diets containing either 20% casein (control) or 20% extracted proteins or their hydrolysates as the protein source for 3 weeks. The brown rice protein hydrolysate (BRPH) diet group reduced weight gain 76% compared with the control. Animals fed the BRPH supplemented diet also had lower final body weight, liver weight, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and liver cholesterol, and higher fecal fat and bile acid excretion than the control. Expression levels of hepatic genes for lipid oxidation, PPARα, ACOX1, and CPT1, were highest for hamsters fed the BRPH supplemented diet. Expression of CYP7A1, the gene regulating bile acid synthesis, was higher in all test groups. Expression of CYP51, a gene coding for an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, was highest in the BRPH diet group. The results suggest that BRPH includes unique peptides that reduce weight gain and hepatic cholesterol synthesis.  相似文献   

3.
The nutritional effect of diet containing decorticated sesame seed extracted with isopropanol (DSS-Iso) was evaluated on growth performance, food efficiency ratio, plasma and tissue lipid profile, plasma protein content, and erythrocyte membrane lipid profile of rats on a comparative basis with diets containing casein (control), soybean meal, and decorticated sesame seed extracted with hexane (DSS-Hex). Rats fed a DSS-Iso-based diet showed body weight gain and food efficiency ratio similar to those of the control groups fed diets prepared with casein, soybean meal, and DSS-Hex. However, dietary proteins exerted a separate effect on plasma lipid concentrations of the rats. Rats fed a DSS-Iso-based diet showed significant decreases in plasma total cholesterol (p < 0.01), triglyceride (p < 0.01), and VLDL+LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01) concentrations in comparison to the rats fed diet containing casein. No significant differences in plasma lipid concentrations were observed for the rats fed diets prepared with soybean meal, DSS-Hex, and DSS-Iso. Rats fed the different dietary proteins did not show much variation in plasma proteins, liver lipids, and erythrocyte membrane lipid concentrations, which suggests that DSS-Iso could be a suitable edible protein like casein or soybean meal.  相似文献   

4.
The effects of giant embryo brown rice Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami, in comparison with that of ordinary normal brown rice, on the body weight and lipid profile in mice under a high‐fat diet condition were investigated. The animals were fed with experimental diets for eight weeks: normal control, high fat (HF), and high fat supplemented with normal brown rice, Seonong 17 rice, or Keunnunjami rice powder. Their body and fat weights, lipid profiles, lipogenic enzyme activities, and adipokine concentrations were determined. Significant differences between the animal groups were analyzed with Tukey's test (P < 0.05). A marked increase in the body weight and fat, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and free fatty acid level were found in HF mice relative to the control group. On the other hand, diet supplementation with rice, particularly the giant embryo rice samples, significantly suppressed this high‐fat‐induced body weight gain and hyperlipidemia via regulation of lipogenesis and adipokine production. Both the Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami exhibited greater hypolipidemic and body fat–lowering effects than the normal brown rice. The results demonstrate that these giant embryo mutants may be beneficial as biomaterials for functional foods with antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects.  相似文献   

5.
Four-week-old male golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets containing cellulose (control, CC), cellulose + soy protein (CS), CS + vitamin E, (CSE), rice bran (RB), RB + vitamin E (RBE), oat bran (OB), and OB + vitamin E (OBE) for six weeks (n = 10/treatment). Diets contained (by weight) 10% total dietary fiber, 3% N, 20% fat, 0.5% cholesterol, and some diets had an additional 0.1% vitamin E. After six weeks, RB and OB diets resulted in significantly higher weight gain than the CC diet. Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values and the LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in hamsters fed CSE, RBE, OB, and OBE diets were significantly lower than in those fed CC diet. There were no significant differences in total plasma cholesterol values among the hamsters fed any of the diets. Liver cholesterol in animals fed OB and OBE diets was significantly lower than in all other groups. Foam cell areas in the inner bend of the aortic arch in animals fed all treatment diets were significantly reduced when compared with that in animals fed CC diet. The level of additional dietary vitamin E did not result in further significant reductions in foam cell area. The results of this study suggest that diets containing rice bran, oat bran, or soy protein significantly reduced the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters.  相似文献   

6.
Quercetin has attracted much attention recently because of its antioxidant capacity and potential in the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases. However, its actions and the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this study, male Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 0.5% quercetin for 14 days. Serum samples were collected at the end of the experiment, and the overall serum metabolic profile was investigated by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Remarkable changes in the serum metabolic profile were manifested with the relative increase in the levels of lactate and low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) and reduction in glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and some amino acids after quercetin exposure. Biochemical measurements confirmed that the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was increased significantly after quercetin treatment. Our current findings indicate that quercetin can induce a remarkable change in cholesterol metabolism. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and the possible links to the health effects or toxic actions of quercetin.  相似文献   

7.
Monacolin K is a secondary metabolite of Monascus species and reduces cholesterol levels. This research focuses on the effect of adding red mold rice to hens' diet on cholesterol level in egg yolk and on cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in serum. Forty-eight Hy-line laying hens of 48 weeks of age were studied by dividing them into four groups. Except for the control group, the feed for three other groups contained 2.0, 5.0, and 8.0% red mold rice (monacolin K concentrations were 0.0145, 0.035, and 0.056%, respectively). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. During this period, egg weight and egg production were recorded every day, and cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL in serum were measured weekly as well. The result showed that the cholesterol in eggs produced by experimental groups was lower than that of the control group (0%, 194.14 +/- 8.30; 2%, 167.17 +/- 4.34; 5%, 168.93 +/- 9.38; 8%, 183.02 +/- 7.63 mg/egg; p < 0.05), and the triglyceride (0%, 1494 +/- 178; 2%, 1280 +/- 174; 5%, 1189 +/- 248; 8%, 1381 +/- 218 mg/dL; p < 0.05) and LDL levels (0%, 36.81 +/- 5.53; 2%, 32.25 +/- 7.93; 5%, 30.06 +/- 4.39; 8%, 28.81 +/- 4.16 mg/dL; p < 0.05) were also significantly lowered in the experimental groups. However, the HDL level did not show significant change for either control or experimental groups (0%, 36.06 +/- 3.96; 2%, 36.25 +/- 5.39; 5%, 33.13 +/- 3.68; 8%, 31.44 +/- 4.29 mg/dL; p > 0.05). Besides, the addition of red mold rice also helps to inhibit production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum lipid oxidation (0%, 27.42 +/- 0.53; 2%, 25.62 +/- 0.76; 5%, 24.35 +/- 0.59; 8%, 23.63 +/- 0.48 microM; p < 0.05).  相似文献   

8.
Wild rice (Zizania spp.) grows in shallow waters of North America and is distinct from brown and white rice (Oryza spp.). The recent trends toward gluten‐free foods and ancient grains present an opportunity for increased interest in the health benefits of wild rice. Wild rice is classified as a whole grain and typically contains 75% carbohydrate, 6.2% dietary fiber, 14.7% protein, and 1.1% lipids. Wild rice is a good source of dietary fiber and has nearly double the amount of protein of white rice. The lipid content is low; however, most of the lipids are essential omega‐6 (35.0–37.8%) and omega‐3 (20.0–31.5%) fatty acids. In addition to macronutrient content, wild rice contains phytosterol levels several times higher than white rice. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of wild rice is 10–15 times higher than white rice. A series of rat studies in which wild rice was added to a high fat, high cholesterol diet found significant attenuation of serum free fatty acids, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while maintaining higher high‐density lipoprotein levels compared with a control diet. The exact explanation of the protective mechanism of wild rice is uncertain, but the dietary fiber, phytosterol, or antioxidant capacity of wild rice may be the reason for it. Current interest in whole grains and gluten‐free diets, as well as antioxidants and phytochemicals, makes wild rice an attractive grain addition to the diet.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of instant cooked rice made from giant embryo mutant or ordinary normal rice on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative defense system in mice under a high‐fat (HF) diet condition was investigated. The animals were randomly divided and given experimental diets for seven weeks: normal control diet, HF diet, and HF diet supplemented with instant normal white, normal brown, giant embryonic white, or giant embryonic brown rice. At the end of the experimental period, the HF mice showed a marked increase in the blood glucose level, insulin concentration, and plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in the glycogen level relative to the control group. However, diet supplementation with instant cooked giant embryonic and normal brown rice counteracted this high‐fat‐induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress through regulation of the glucose‐regulating and antioxidant enzyme activities. The giant embryonic brown rice was the most effective in improving the glucose metabolism and antioxidant defense status in mice under the HF diet condition. The results demonstrate that the giant embryo rice mutant may be useful in the development of instant cooked rice with strong hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties.  相似文献   

10.
The effectiveness of microencapsulated gamma-oryzanol (M-gamma-OZ) was evaluated as an antioxidant in Sprague-Dawley rats. Lard containing 100 ppm of gamma-OZ (HCD III) or 100 ppm of M-gamma-OZ (HCD IV) was heated in an oven for 7 days, and the heat-treated lard as an ingredient in a high cholesterol diet (HCD) formulation was tested for analyzing in vivo cholesterol and lipid profiles. The HCDs containing fresh lard (HCD I) and heat-treated lard (HCD II) were fed to the rats for 4 weeks as control groups A and B, respectively, in this experiment. The liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of group C (fed with HCD III) and group D (with HCD IV) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of negative control, group B. One of the cholesterol oxidation products, 7-ketocholesterol, was not detected from group D, indicating that microencapsulation preserved antioxidative activity effectively. The levels of serum total cholesterol and lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein were also affected by heat-induced lipid oxidation.The M-gamma-OZ evidently decreased LDL-cholesterol content and increased HDL-cholesterol in blood samples of tested rats. These results suggested that the M-gamma-OZ was not only effective in inhibiting the hypercholesterolemia of serum and liver but also reduced the oxidation degree of lipids and cholesterol. Therefore, this microencapsulation can be a good potential technique to protect the antioxidant activity of gamma-OZ from heat-induced lipid oxidation.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of replacing processed rice and wheat starch with Chinese and North American wild rice as the chief source of dietary carbohydrates in rats fed high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. The study consisted of five groups: low‐fat diet, high fat/cholesterol diet, city diet, North American wild rice diet, and Chinese wild rice diet. At the end of eight weeks of the diet regimen, the North American and Chinese wild rice diets suppressed the increase in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol but also decreased the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level. In addition, rats fed either the North American or Chinese wild rice diet suppressed the build‐up of oxidative stress by improving total antioxidant capacity, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, and reducing malondialdehyde concentration. In contrast, rats fed with the high fat/cholesterol diet and city diet had increased concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) compared with the low‐fat diet; rats fed with the Chinese wild rice diet had a significantly decreased serum hs‐CRP protein and TNF‐α concentration. Higher serum hs‐CRP levels were verified in the city diet group compared with North American wild rice diet group. These findings illustrate that both North American wild rice and Chinese wild rice are effective in suppressing hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats even when the diet consumed is high in fat and cholesterol.  相似文献   

12.
Soluble fibers isolated from the seeds of Cassia tora Linn. (SFC) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their phenomenal rheological behavior. In this study were investigated the effects of SFC on lipid metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three experimental diets, a normal diet, a high-cholesterol diet, or a high-cholesterol diet with 5% SFC, for 5 weeks. The serum concentration of total cholesterol in rats fed SFC was 27% lower (p < 0.05) compared to that of the control group, but the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was increased in the SFC group. Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in rats fed the SFC diet. In addition, fecal bile acid and lipid excretion was significantly increased by SFC consumption. These results indicate that SFC enhances fecal lipid excretion and may cause a reduction in serum and hepatic lipid concentrations in rats.  相似文献   

13.
Resveratrol, a stilbenoid antioxidant found in grapes, wine, peanuts and other berries, has been reported to have hypolipidemic properties. We investigated whether resveratrol and its three analogues (pterostilbene, piceatannol, and resveratrol trimethyl ether) would activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) isoform. This nuclear receptor is proposed to mediate the activity of lipid-lowering drugs such as the fibrates. The four stilbenes were evaluated at 1, 10, 100, and 300 microM along with ciprofibrate (positive control), for the activation of endogenous PPARalpha in H4IIEC3 cells. Cells were transfected with a peroxisome proliferator response element-AB (rat fatty acyl CoA beta-oxidase response element)-luciferase gene reporter construct. Pterostilbene demonstrated the highest induction of PPARalpha showing 8- and 14-fold increases in luciferase activity at 100 and 300 microM, respectively, relative to the control. The maximal luciferase activity responses to pterostilbene were higher than those obtained with the hypolipidemic drug, ciprofibrate (33910 and 19460 relative luciferase units, respectively), at 100 microM. Hypercholesterolemic hamsters fed with pterostilbene at 25 ppm of the diet showed 29% lower plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, 7% higher plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and 14% lower plasma glucose as compared to the control group. The LDL/HDL ratio was also statistically significantly lower for pterostilbene, as compared to results for the control animals, at this diet concentration. Results from in vitro studies showed that pterostilbene acts as a PPARalpha agonist and may be a more effective PPARalpha agonist and hypolipidemic agent than resveratrol. In vivo studies demonstrate that pterostilbene possesses lipid and glucose lowering effects.  相似文献   

14.
Sesame lignans are working as antioxidants in various physiological functions. In the present study, the antioxidative effect of sesame lignans is examined in chemically induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats against lipid profile and lipid peroxidations. DM was induced in four groups of rats by injection of alloxan. The control groups (non-diabetic and diabetic) received a diet containing sunflower oil while the rest of the three experimental diabetic groups received a diet containing 0.25% alpha-tocopherol (D-Toc), 0.5% sesame lignan (D-SL), and 0.25% alpha-tocopherol+0.25% sesame lignan (D-Toc-SL) in sunflower oil for 4 weeks. Lipid profile and lipid peroxidations of plasma, erythrocyte membrane (EM), and liver tissues were measured. The total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, plasma lipid peroxidation, and also LDL-peroxidation decreased, and HDL cholesterol increased significantly (P<0.05) in all the experimental groups as compared to the control diabetic sunflower oil group. The triacylglycerol (TAG) level in plasma decreased significantly in the D-SL and D-Toc-SL groups as compared to control diabetic group. Significant decrease in TAG level was observed in the D-SL group as compared to the D-Toc group. LDL peroxidation also decreased significantly in the D-Toc-SL group as compared to the D-Toc group. EM lipid peroxidation and liver lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in the D-Toc, D-SL, and D-Toc-SL groups as compared to the control diabetic group. Liver TAG level decreased more significantly in the D-SL and D-Toc-SL groups than in the control diabetic group. So, sesame lignans at 0.5% level and sesame lignan + alpha-tocopherol significantly ameliorate the alteration in lipid profile and the adverse free radical generative influence of DM induced by alloxan.  相似文献   

15.
Natto water-soluble fractions, low-molecular-weight viscous substance, and soybean water extract, which had an inhibitory effect on the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro, were fed to rats for 3 weeks. These fractions had no influence on the growth of rats, which were fed a basal diet containing 1% cholesterol, but lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol. Inhibition of copper-oxidation of plasma and LDL ex vivo, and a reduction in lipid peroxidation in liver and aorta in vivo, were also observed. The antioxidant enzymes were not induced in rats fed natto fraction diets. These results demonstrate that ingestion of the natto fractions led to inhibition of LDL oxidation, and that the fractions perform direct antioxidant action in the body. It is suggested that natto fractions might help to prevent arteriosclerosis, as they appear to reduce lipid peroxidation and improve lipid metabolism.  相似文献   

16.
Policosanol is a group of long chain primary alcohols and has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels and to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The present study examined (i) the effect of policosanol supplementation in the diet on the fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols in hamsters and (ii) the antioxidant activity of policosanol in human LDL. Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups (n = 12/each) fed one of the four diets containing 0 (control), 0.38, 0.75, and 1.50 g kg(-1) policosanol for 6 weeks. It was found that hamsters given 0.38-1.5 g kg(-1) diets had a serum total cholesterol level lowered by 15-25% and had a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol elevated by 7-16.8%. It was found that policosanol increased the excretion of acidic sterols by 25-73%. Contrary to that in previous reports, policosanol had no apparent anti-LDL oxidation activity when 1-tetracosanol, 1-hexacosanol, and 1-octacosanol were incubated in human LDL. Policosanol also possessed no scavenging activity on the free radical2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. These data provide evidence that in addition to the effect of HMG-CoA reductase, the cholesterol-lowering activity of policosanol is partially mediated by its inhibition on the absorption of bile acids, but these data disprove the claim that policosanol is an antioxidant.  相似文献   

17.
The present study was to examine effect of soy leaf powder (SLP) and soy leaf ethanol extract (SLEE) on serum lipoproteins in hamsters. The control group was fed a semisynthetic diet containing 0.1% cholesterol, while the tested groups were maintained on the same diet but supplemented with 3% SLP or the equivalent amount of SLEE derived from 3% SLP for 4 weeks. SLP supplementation led to a trend of lowering serum total cholesterol (TC) and nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), with HDL-C being unaffected, whereas incorporation of SLEE into the diet led to an elevated level of HDL-C and a lower level of non-HDL-C with TC being unchanged. Both SLP and SLEE supplementation caused favorably a decrease in the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C. The present results demonstrate that not only soybean seeds but also soy leaves are cardioprotective, by favorably modulating serum lipid profile.  相似文献   

18.
Seven healthy females and six males consumed daily 256 mg of vitamin C, 271 mg of flavanones (mainly as glycosides), 6 mg of carotenoids (mainly xanthophylls and cryptoxanthins), and 0.16 mg of folate by incorporation of daily three times 236 mL of not from concentrate orange juice (OJ) into their habitual diet. At the end of 3 weeks, mean vitamin C, folate, carotenoid, and flavanone plasma concentrations increased significantly relative to baseline by 59% (p < 0.001), 46% (p = 0.018), and 22% (p < 0.001), and 8-fold (p = 0.045), respectively. Flavanones were excreted in urine 9-fold more at the end of the intervention (p = 0.01) but returned to baseline 2 days after study completion. After the 3 week intervention, plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E did not change. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in white blood cells declined by 16% (p = 0.38; n = 11), and in individuals with high baseline concentrations by 29% (p = 0.36; n = 7), respectively. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratios decreased but cholesterol (HDL, LDL, total) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance plasma concentrations did not change significantly. We conclude from this pilot study that OJ is an excellent food source to enhance circulating concentrations of valuable hydrophilic as well as lipophilic phytochemicals.  相似文献   

19.
Hazelnut oil (HO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The effect of a high cholesterol (HC) diet with and without HO on lipids and lipid peroxide levels in plasma, apolipoprotein B 100-containing lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL), and erythrocytes as well as hematological data was investigated in rabbits. A HC diet caused significant increases in lipid peroxide levels in plasma and apo B-containing lipoproteins together with histopathological atherosclerotic findings in aorta. In addition, this diet resulted in hemolytic anemia associated with increased endogenous diene conjugate (DC) levels, but H(2)O(2)-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels remained unchanged in erythrocytes. HO supplementation reduced lipid peroxide levels in plasma and apolipoprotein B 100-containing lipoproteins as well as aortic atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits fed an HC diet without any decreasing effect on lipid levels. In addition, HO was found to reduce hemolytic anemia together with significant decreases in DC and H(2)O(2)-induced MDA levels.  相似文献   

20.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., a local soft drink material and medicinal herb, is usually used effectively in native medicines against hypertension, pyrexia, and liver disorders. Here, we report an extract, HSE (H. sabdariffa extract), which is designed to exhibit hypolipidemia and antiatherosclerotic effects in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were fed with a normal diet, high cholesterol (1.3%), lard oil (3%) diet (HCD) with or without 0.5 or 1% HSE for 10 weeks. The levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were lower in the serum of rabbits fed HCD plus HSE than in the serum of rabbits fed HCD. Feeding HSE (0.5 and 1% in the diet) to rabbits significantly reduced severe atherosclerosis in the aorta. Histopathological examination showed that HSE reduced foam cell formation and inhibited smooth muscle cell migration and calcification in the blood vessel of rabbits. These results suggest that HSE inhibits serum lipids and shows an antiatherosclerotic activity.  相似文献   

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