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对 6个灰树花菌株 (Gb、Gc、Gq、Gw、Gy、Gz)进行栽培 ,结果表明 :Gq菌丝生长速度最快 ,2 5 d即长满菌袋 ,Gz菌丝生长速度最慢 ,需 3 6d。各菌株适宜的出菇时间和出菇温度为 :Gy,1 0月上旬～1 0月下旬 ,2 0～ 2 4℃ (高温型 ) ;Gw,1 0月下旬～ 1 1月下旬 ,1 6～ 2 0℃ (中温偏高型 ) ;Gq、Gz、Gc,1 1月上旬～ 1 2月上旬 ,1 4～ 1 8℃ (中温型 ) ;Gb,1 1月中旬～ 1 2月中旬 ,1 1～ 1 8℃ (中温偏低型 )。同一菌株的出菇率以覆土出菇的最高 ,长颈式出菇次之 ,短颈式出菇最低 ,生物学效率也以覆土出菇的最高 ,但短颈式出菇次之 ,长颈式出菇最低 ,其出菇率和生物学效率从高到低依次为 Gq>Gw>Gb>Gz>Gy>Gc。利用割小口再生法和覆土再生法均能提高各菌株的产量 ,但覆土再生法效果比割小口再生法好 ,两种再生法的增产效果从高到低依次为 Gc>Gb>Gy>Gw>Gq>Gz。 相似文献
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从广州某炼油厂附近石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株可高效产表面活性剂的原油降解菌株MZ01,结合菌株形态观察、革兰氏染色和16SrDNA序列同源性进行分析鉴定其属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonassp．MZ01）,该菌9d对原油的降解率达54．7％。通过正交实验优化其产表面活性剂的环境因子并进行发酵培养,结果表明,MZ01最佳发酵条件为：酵母膏（3g·L^-1）作为氮源,玉米油（2g·L^-1）作为碳源,温度为25℃,pH值为9．0和含盐量为5％。该条件下3d的发酵产物经提纯后得到表面活性剂产量为2．27g·L^-1,测得该产物CMC值为0．1g·L^-1,可将水的表面张力从初始的72mN·m^-1降至30mN·m^-1。 相似文献
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纤维原料预处理过程中会产生酚酸等抑制菌株生长的物质,为选育出高丁醇产量及高耐受酚酸胁迫丁醇生产菌株,该研究利用多因子复合筛选策略筛选出一株能够合成足够还原力与对丁醇耐受性较好的菌株Clostridium beijerinckii W6。通过丁醇胁迫适应性进化获得丁醇耐受菌W6-1,其丁醇和总溶剂产量相较于菌株W6分别提高了14.01%和16.85%。通过紫外诱变处理菌株W6-1并结合理性筛选模型最终获得丁醇产量较高菌株W6-2,其丁醇及总溶剂产量分别可达到（9.51±0.06）和（15.32±0.11）g/L。最后将菌株W6-2通过酚酸胁迫适应性进化得到突变菌W6-3,其能耐受1.0 g/L酚酸胁迫环境,且丁醇和总溶剂产量相较于菌株W6-2分别提高了18.17%和17.49%。当以葛渣水解液为底物进行丙酮丁醇发酵时,突变菌W6-3的丁醇产量达（8.54±0.31）g/L,相较于菌株W6-2提高了26.71%。经多轮次诱变及适应性进化处理获得的突变菌的酚酸耐受性及发酵性能均有较大提高,该文所采用的多轮次筛选方法可以为其他快速筛选优良生产菌提供可靠的理论参考。 相似文献
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自盐渍化地区（黄河三角洲）采集4种不同石油污染程度的土壤样品,从中筛选出高效降解石油烃的4个菌系和8个单菌株。分别以原油、柴油、烷烃和多环芳烃（PAHs）为底物进行培养,测定降解菌的生物量和降解率,研究其对不同底物的耐受浓度和降解潜力。结果表明,获得的石油烃降解菌为轻度嗜盐菌;不同菌株对不同底物的耐受浓度不同,混合菌系对不同底物的降解能力强于单菌株,对单一组分底物的降解优于复杂组分的底物;单菌株I-2、3、5、7能较好地降解PAHs并且对原油的降解能力高于柴油,单菌株I-1、4、6、8能够利用烷烃且对柴油的降解能力要比原油高;降解菌对柴油和原油的最高降解率分别可达78．4％和70．7％,对正十六烷和菲的生物降解率分别高达87．7％和88．1％,表现出较强的降解能力。研究结果表明黄河三角洲盐渍化土壤中土著菌对石油烃污染土壤具有较强的牛物修复潜力。 相似文献
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生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及其发酵条件的初步优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以石油为 C 源,经过富集培养从石油污染土壤中筛选出 15 株具有较强产生物表面活性剂能力的菌株.其中菌株 BS-5 产生物表面活性剂的能力最强,该菌发酵液的表面张力可达 27.3 mN/m(空白发酵液表面张力为 54.5 mN/m).通过红外光谱分析发现该菌产生的生物表面活性剂为糖脂类物质.另外,通过正交试验对该菌的培养基条件进行初步优化,结果以植物油 10 g/L、MgSO4 0.2 g/L、K2HPO4 1.0 g/L、KH2PO4 1.0 g/L、蛋白胨 1.0 g/L、FeSO4 0.05 g/L、CaCl2 0.02 g/L、初始 pH 值 7.5 为最佳.通过16S rDNA 测序结果表明该菌为铜绿假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). 相似文献
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从甘蔗根际土壤及甘蔗不同组织内分离到的928个细菌菌株中，对甘蔗黑穗病菌有拮抗作用的细菌菌株有301个．占32．4％．其中拮抗能力强(拮抗带大于10mm)的菌株有18个，占1．9％。经在KBA培养基上培养．发现具有拮抗作用的细菌主要是荧光菌和非荧光菌中的白色菌群。在18个拮抗性强的菌株中，13个菌株来自甘蔗的茎、芽(生长点)，占72％；5个菌株来自根际土壤，占28％；12个菌株为革兰氏阳性细菌中的芽孢杆菌属；6个菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌，其中4个菌株分别为假单胞杆菌属、不动杆菌属、伯克氏菌属及沙雷氏菌属，其余2个菌株有待进一步鉴定。 相似文献
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柏列氏白鬼伞可在高温天气进行生料栽培，但若进行熟料栽培，生物学效率则可达72％。菌丝生长不需光照，但出菇需散射光刺激，在32～35℃条件下，可正常出菇，其盖厚，柄长，且子实体生长比较耐干燥环境。急性毒性试验表明，柏列氏白鬼伞是一种无毒的食用菌。 相似文献
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一株高效溶解钾长石芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从风化的钾质粗面岩表面分离筛选到1株高效风化钾长石的芽孢杆菌E31菌株,通过菌株的生理生化特征并结合菌株16S r DNA序列分析,E31菌株被鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)。同时对E31菌株溶解钾长石的效应与机制以及生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,E31菌株能风化钾长石并释放出其中的元素,28℃振荡培养不同时间,接菌处理发酵液中可溶性K、Fe、Ca、Al含量分别比对照提高了19.6%~25.6%、1~12.5倍、10.4%~47.2%和1.2~4.5倍。在钾长石存在条件下接菌处理发酵液pH为3.62~3.80,发酵液中葡萄糖酸含量达61~1 794 mg/L,发酵液细胞数量达(8.7~16.1)×10~6 cfu/ml,表明菌株可以通过代谢产生的有机酸来加速对钾长石的分解作用。另外,E31菌株能够合成生长素和铁载体,E31菌株对温度、pH和盐浓度具有较强的耐受性。 相似文献
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Nitrogen (N) is vital in the production of N containing compounds in cereal crops. Stay-greenness in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is characterized by the plant's ability to retain water and chlorophyll content at maturity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the genotypic variability between stay-green (BT × 643) and senescent (RT × 7000) hybrids for leaf senescence, dry matter partitioning and N partitioning under three N levels (0.45, 0.90, 1.80 g plant?1). The stay-green hybrid had a higher percentage green leaf area at 120 DAE with a higher residual N in leaves. The chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) values for the stay-green hybrid during anthesis (75 and 85 DAE) were higher compared to its senescent counterpart. The results indicated that the expression of stay-green phenotype in sorghum was contingent on a minimum N supply of 1.35 g plant?1 and associated with greater N acquisition. Nitrogen use and uptake in the stay-green hybrid were higher. 相似文献
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The rate of transformation of inorganic phosphorus fractions and forms was investigated in a chronosequence of weakly weathered soils developed on windblown sand. The net decline of acid-extractable Ca-P during 104 years of soil development was approximately 2600 kg/ha m profile. This fraction was progressively removed from surface horizons and had virtually disappeared from the oldest soil. Residual inorganic P, considered to be included apatite which is not extracted by 0·5 and 1N HC1, was relatively constant in profiles of the chronosequence but decreased in the oldest soil. In the younger soils, the NH4F-P fraction was low but, with increasing time, the weight of this fraction increased, initially in surface horizons. The net accumulation of non-occluded secondary inorganic P during 104 years was 360 kg/ha m profile and this was largely due to an increase in the NH4F-P, rather than the 1st NaOH-P fraction. There was no net shift from non-occluded to occluded secondary inorganic P. Although apatite is initially present as inclusions within primary minerals in the wind-blown sand, an extensive loss of P has occurred during 104 years. 相似文献
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PHOSPHORUS TRANSFORMATIONS IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON WIND-BLOWN SAND IN NEW ZEALAND 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The rate of loss of total P and accumulation of organic P were investigated in a chronosequence of weakly weathered soils developed on wind-blown sand. The net loss of total P during 10 000 years of soil development was 1910 kg/ha m profile. This calculation assumes a constancy in the total P content of the parent material. An approximately straight-line plot was obtained for the loss of total P between 500 and 10 000 years. The organic P content of the beach sands was very low but increased rapidly in the early stages of soil development. With increasing time, the rate of accumulation of organic P decreased. The net accumulation of organic P during 10 000 years was 1050 kg/ha m profile. A slow rate of formation of organic P, coupled with a rapid mineralization, has probably limited organic P build-up. It is suggested that loss of phosphorus by leaching is a consequence of the low phosphate retention capacity of these weakly weathered soils. 相似文献
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ACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON WIND-BLOWN SAND IN NEW ZEALAND 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A study was made of the amounts and distribution of C, N, S, and organic P accumulated over a period of 10 000 years of soil development on wind-blown sand. After initial rapid rates of accumulation of C, N, and organic P during the first 1000 years, subsequent rates of gain were slower, but steady states for C, N, and S had still not been reached after 10 000 years. Sulphur declined during the first 50 years of soil development but then increased in a parallel fashion to organic C. During 10 000 years, gains of organic C, total N, total S, and organic P were 204 000, 9800, 1180, and 1170 kg/ha m profile, respectively. Gains in total N and S in the older soils are readily accounted for by returns in precipitation. Pronounced changes in soil organic matter composition during 10 000 years are reflected in the widening of the C/N ratio (8 to 20) and the C/organic P ratio (39 to 159). 相似文献
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騰格里沙漠地区沙地土壤微生物学特性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沙漠的严重危害主要是流沙的移动。因此,沙漠改造和治理中的重要工作之一。是采取各种措施固定流沙[1]。一般說来,固定流沙有两种方法:一种是植物固沙,一种是机械固沙。机械固沙是暂时的固沙法,为固定流沙不可缺少的一环;而植物固沙是一种最根本最可靠的永久固沙方法[2,3]流沙一经生长植物,它的基本性质就要改变,形成固定沙丘。这就为进一步改造利用沙漠,创造了先决条件。时的固沙法,为固定流沙不可缺少的一环;而植物固沙是一种最根本最可靠的永久固沙方法[2,3]流沙一经生长植物,它的基本性质就要改变,形成固定沙丘。这就为进一步改造利用沙漠,创造了先决条件。 相似文献
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