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H5N1亚型禽流感病毒起源及演化关系的探讨H5N1亚型禽流感病毒起源及演化关系的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过综述感染人类的H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒起源及演化关系，表明感染人的A／Hongkong／97（H5N1）株及目前流行的高致病性禽流感病毒可能起源于禽源的A型流感病毒株（A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96）。自1996年以来，H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的基因型经Gs／Gd，A，B，C，D，E，V，W，）X0—X3，Y，Z和Z^＋不断的演化为目前流行的基因型Z。高致病性禽流感病毒（H5，H7和H9亚型）在禽，特别是水禽体内的重组或重配而相互传播，并随候鸟的迁徙而传播不易消灭，H5N1亚型的禽流感在不同地区的不断暴发与流行已严重威胁着养禽业的发展及人类的健康，需要进行长期监控。 相似文献
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高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感病毒可以感染各种动物,并对动物和人类健康造成持续性威胁。虽然在鸡体内发现H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的许多种基因型,但是只有为数不多的几种基因型可以感染哺乳动物。鉴定动物种群中病毒株基因型,这对了解不同病毒株在各种宿主中的分布十分重要。当特定基因型的高致病性毒株出现在之前未报道的携带有该基因型的未知宿主中,有利于对其进行监控和检测。从2只死于呼吸道疾病的貉的肺样品中分离得到2株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒。病原性检测显示所分离到的病毒对鸡是高致病性的。为了分析这些病毒基因型的特性,将其基因组序列进行测定和分析。这些分离到的病毒的遗传物质是相同的,并且它们可能来自与同一个病毒祖先。系统进化树分析结果表明,分离到的病毒在遗传上与2003年第一次在中国分离得到的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的V基因型十分相近,与近年来占主导位置的病毒基因型（如Z基因型）不同。分离到的病毒在其HA剪切位点还包含了一个多基的氨基酸基序,在PB2蛋白的627位存在一个谷氨酸残基,这与之前经证实的禽病毒相似。本试验首次发现H5N1亚型禽流感病毒V基因型存在于与哺乳动物相关的宿主中。研究结果有力的揭示了H5N1病毒V基因型能跨越种间障碍而感染哺乳动物。这些发现进一步显示出H5N1亚型禽流感病毒对哺乳动物和人类造成的危害。 相似文献
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<正>1H5N1亚型禽流感病毒致病性研究为研究H5N1亚型禽流感华南分离株A/DK/GD/118株(对小鼠低致病性)与A/CK/GD/88株(对小鼠高致病性)对小鼠的致病机制,将弱 相似文献
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为研究一株天鹅源H5N8亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的遗传演化规律,本研究对2016年从山西省疾控中心送检天鹅样品中分离到的一株H5N8亚型流感病毒(A/swan/Shanxi/6/2016)的全基因组序列进行高通量测序及遗传演化分析。结果显示,分离的病毒为Clade 2.3.4.4分支高致病禽流感病毒(HPAIV);BLAST分析显示该分离株的NP基因与H3N8亚型AIV的NP基因具有较高同源性,而其它基因节段则分别与来自其它国家的H5N8亚型AIV的相应基因节段同源性较高,进一步选取与各基因节段核苷酸同源性较高的病毒株作参考序列构建其系统进化树,推测该分离株为一株重组病毒株。特殊氨基酸位点分析显示,其具有典型的禽型受体结合位点和典型的人型受体结合位点。并且M1蛋白、NS1蛋白和PB2蛋白具有H5N1亚型AIV对鼠致病性增强的分子标志,提示该株野鸟源流感病毒可能具备感染哺乳动物的能力。本研究对H5N8亚型AIV的综合防控具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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中国H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒抗原变异株的鉴定分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对引起中国2006年山西、宁夏2省(区)H5N1亚型禽流感疫情的代表毒株——A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006(H5N1)(CK/SX/06)进行了全面研究。结果表明该病毒具有高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)特征,基因组序列分析发现其8个基因片段与中国传统H5N1亚型禽流感病毒GS/GD/1/96(H5N1)存在较大差异,属于新的基因型——山西鸡型;抗原性分析结果表明其在抗原性方面与GS/GD/1/96同样存在较大变异,将其命名为"山西鸡型"抗原变异株;以106EID50.0.1 mL-1剂量将该病毒经鼻腔接种4周龄SPF鸭以评价其对水禽的感染能力,结果表明其不感染鸭;常规方法接种BALB/c小鼠以评价其对哺乳动物的感染和致病能力,结果表明其能感染小鼠,但不引起死亡,呈低致病力。说明该类型高致病性H5N1 HPAIV目前仅危害鸡,不具备感染水禽的能力,感染哺乳动物但不致死。该类型病毒的出现与流行为中国禽流感的免疫与防制提出新的课题。 相似文献
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为了解禽流感病毒(AIV)在广西中越边境地区的流行情况,本研究在该地区活禽市场开展禽流感病原监测。监测过程中分离鉴定出1株H1N6亚型禽流感病毒,命名为A/Duck/Guangxi/F01/2016(H1N6),对其HA和NA基因进行序列测定,并与GenBank中下载的相关参考序列进行比对和遗传进化分析。结果显示,分离株HA基因与A/sparrow/Guangxi/GXs-1/2012(H1N2)的核苷酸同源性最高(96.9%),NA基因与A/Pavo cristatus/Jiangxi/JA1/2016(H5N6)的核苷酸同源性最高(98.2%)。HA基因裂解位点氨基酸序列为PSIQSR↓GLF,符合低致病性禽流感病毒分子特征;与部分N6亚型禽流感病毒一样,分离株NA基因有11个氨基酸缺失。此外,本研究还对分离毒株的受体亲和性进行了测定,结果显示该病毒优先结合唾液酸α-2,3-Gal受体。本研究结果表明A/Duck/Guangxi/F01/2016(H1N6)是一株重组低致病性禽流感病毒。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2018,(10)
为了解2016年至2017年在我国部分省市活禽市场的家禽体内分离得到的14株H3亚型禽流感病毒的流行情况和遗传特点。采用RT-PCR技术对这14株H3亚型禽流感毒株的全基因进行扩增,并对所得序列进行遗传演化分析。14株分离株中有5株H3N8,7株H3N2,2株H3N3。结果表明,14株毒株中AIV的HA蛋白的裂解位点氨基酸序列均为PE-KQTR↓GLF,只有1个碱性氨基酸,符合低致病性禽流感的分子特征。HA基因的受体结合位点为226(Q)、228(G)具有典型的禽源特征。遗传进化分析表明,除了毒株A/Duck/Fujian/F1142/2016(H3N8)的NS基因属于北美分支外,其余毒株全部基因均属于欧亚分支。通过对H3亚型AIV的遗传进化关系和流行情况进行分析,以期对H3亚型AIV的进化研究提供一些参考依据。 相似文献
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近年来Clade2.3.2H5N1亚型的禽流感病毒逐渐成为我国及越南等其他一些国家流行的优势毒株,并呈现出一定变化规律的氨基酸进化趋势。本研究以A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)(PR8)AIV为内部基因供体,以Clade2.3.2H5N1亚型AIV A/chicken/Yangzhou/1117/2011(YZC3)为表面抗原血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)基因供体,通过反向遗传操作,在符合人类疫苗生产标准的COS-1细胞中救获低致病性的疫苗毒株。结果成功拯救出1株重组病毒rYZC3,该病毒在鸡胚和MDCK细胞上均具有较好的繁殖能力,对SPF鸡和鸡胚无致病性。本研究为防控当代流行的H5亚型禽流感提供了良好的疫苗候选株。 相似文献
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Zoonotic agents challenging the world every year afresh are influenza A viruses. In the past, human pandemics caused by influenza A viruses had been occurring periodically. Wild aquatic birds are carriers of the full variety of influenza virus A subtypes, and thus, most probably constitute the natural reservoir of all influenza A viruses. Whereas avian influenza viruses in their natural avian reservoir are generally of low pathogenicity (LPAIV), some have gained virulence by mutation after transmission and adaptation to susceptible gallinaceous poultry. Those so-called highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) then cause mass die-offs in susceptible birds and lead to tremendous economical losses when poultry is affected. Besides a number of avian influenza virus subtypes that have sporadically infected mammals, the HPAIV H5N1 Asia shows strong zoonotic characteristics and it was transmitted from birds to different mammalian species including humans. Theoretically, pandemic viruses might derive directly from avian influenza viruses or arise after genetic reassortment between viruses of avian and mammalian origin. So far, HPAIV H5N1 already meets two conditions for a pandemic virus: as a new subtype it has been hitherto unseen in the human population and it has infected at least 438 people, and caused severe illness and high lethality in 262 humans to date (August 2009). The acquisition of efficient human-to-human transmission would complete the emergence of a new pandemic virus. Therefore, fighting H5N1 at its source is the prerequisite to reduce pandemic risks posed by this virus. Other influenza viruses regarded as pandemic candidates derive from subtypes H2, H7, and H9 all of which have infected humans in the past. Here, we will give a comprehensive overview on avian influenza viruses in concern to their zoonotic potential. 相似文献
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禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）是一种重要的人兽共患病病原,严重制约养禽业的健康发展,并对公共卫生安全构成极大威胁。其中,H5（H5N1、H5N2、H5N6、H5N8等）和H7N9亚型高致病性禽流感病毒（highly pathogenic avian influenza virus,HPAIV）引起的高致病性禽流感（highly pathogenic avian influenza,HPAI）对我国养禽业危害巨大。通过实施强制免疫,疫情得到了控制,但在禽群中仍散状暴发,并出现多种新型病毒,防控形势依然严峻。本文总结了截至2021年9月我国禽类暴发H5和H7N9亚型HPAI的所有官方公布的疫情暴发事件以及监测数据,分析了其流行特点,以期为禽流感的预警和防控提供参考。 相似文献
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Avian influenza A H5N6 virus is a highly contagious infectious agent that affects domestic poultry and humans in South Asian countries. Vietnam may be an evolutionary hotspot for influenza viruses and therefore could serve as a source of pandemic strains. In 2015, two novel reassortant H5N6 influenza viruses designated as A/quail/Vietnam/CVVI01/2015 and A/quail/Vietnam/CVVI03/2015 were isolated from dead quails during avian influenza outbreaks in central Vietnam, and the whole genome sequences were analyzed. The genetic analysis indicated that hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and polymerase basic protein 2 genes of the two H5N6 viruses are most closely related to an H5N2 virus (A/chicken/Zhejiang/727079/2014) and H10N6 virus (A/chicken/Jiangxi/12782/2014) from China and an H6N6 virus (A/duck/Yamagata/061004/2014) from Japan. The HA gene of the isolates belongs to clade 2.3.4.4, which caused human fatalities in China during 2014–2016. The five other internal genes showed high identity to an H5N2 virus (A/chicken/Heilongjiang/S7/2014) from China. A whole-genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two outbreak strains are novel H6N6-like PB2 gene reassortants that are most closely related to influenza virus strain A/environment/Guangdong/ZS558/2015, which was detected in a live poultry market in China. This report describes the first detection of novel H5N6 reassortants in poultry during an outbreak as well as genetic characterization of these strains to better understand the antigenic evolution of influenza viruses. 相似文献
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Takakuwa H Yamashiro T Le MQ Phuong LS Ozaki H Tsunekuni R Usui T Ito H Morimatsu M Tomioka Y Yamaguchi T Ito T Murase T Ono E Otsuki K 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,103(2-3):192-200
Repeated epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 were reported from 2003 to 2005 among poultry in Vietnam. More than 200 million birds were killed to control the spread of the disease. Human cases of H5N1 infection have been sporadically reported in an area where repeated H5N1 outbreaks among birds had occurred. Subtype H5N1 strains are established as endemic among poultry in Vietnam, however, insights into how avian influenza viruses including the H5N1 subtype are maintained in endemic areas is not clear. In order to determine the prevalence of different avian influenza viruses (AIVs), including H5N1 circulating among poultry in northern Vietnam, surveillance was conducted during the years 2006-2009. A subtype H5N1 strain was isolated from an apparently healthy duck reared on a farm in northern Vietnam in 2008 and was identified as an HPAI. Although only one H5N1 virus was isolated, it supports the view that healthy domestic ducks play a pivotal role in maintaining and transmitting H5N1 viruses which cause disease outbreaks in northern Vietnam. In addition, a total of 26 AIVs with low pathogenicity were isolated from poultry and phylogenetic analysis of all the eight gene segments revealed their diverse genetical backgrounds, implying that reassortments have occurred frequently among strains in northern Vietnam. It is, therefore, important to monitor the prevalence of influenza viruses among healthy poultry between epidemics in an area where AIVs are endemic. 相似文献
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《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):369-373
From January 2010 to January 2012, we collected sera samples from 700 stray cats living in close proximity to poultry farms or poultry markets in 4 provinces in China. A number of cats had evidence of avian and canine influenza virus infection: avian H9N2 [24 by HI ≥1:20 and 16 by microneutralization (MN) assay ≥1:80]; avian H5N1 (9 by HI ≥1:20 and 3 by MN assay ≥1:80) and canine H3N2 (32 by HI ≥1:20 and 18 by MN ≥1:80). Bivariate analyses revealed that cats sampled near live poultry markets and cats with influenza-like-illness were at increased risk of having elevated antibody titers by HI against avian H9N2, avian H5N1, or canine H3N2 viruses. Hence, cats may play a very important role in the ecology of novel influenza viruses and periodic epidemiological surveillance for novel influenza infections among stray cats could serve as an early warning system for human threats. 相似文献
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During the latter stages of the lethal H5N2 influenza eradication program in domestic poultry in Pennsylvania in 1983-84, surveillance of waterfowl was done to determine if these birds harbored influenza viruses that might subsequently appear in poultry. From late June to November 1984, 182 hemagglutinating viruses were isolated from 2043 wild birds, primarily ducks, in the same geographical area as the earlier lethal H5N2 avian influenza outbreak. The virus isolates from waterfowl included paramyxoviruses (PMV-1, -4, and -6) and influenza viruses of 13 antigenic combinations. There was only one H5N2 isolate from a duck. Although this virus was antigenically related to the lethal H5N2 virus, genetic and antigenic analysis indicated that it could be discriminated from the virulent family of H5N2 viruses, and it did not originate from chickens. Many of the influenza viruses obtained from wild ducks were capable of replicating in chickens after experimental inoculation but did not cause disease. These studies show that many influenza A virus strains circulating in waterfowl in the vicinity of domestic poultry in Pennsylvania did not originate from domestic poultry. These influenza viruses from wild ducks were capable of infecting poultry; however, transmission of these viruses to poultry apparently was avoided by good husbandry and control measures. 相似文献
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Influenza A is a respiratory disease common in the swine industry. Three subtypes, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 influenza A viruses, are currently co-circulating in swine populations in Korea. An outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus occurred in domestic bird farms in Korea during the winter season of 2003. Pigs can serve as hosts for avian influenza viruses, enabling passage of the virus to other mammals and recombination of mammalian and avian influenza viruses, which are more readily transmissible to humans. This study reports the current seroprevalence of swine H1 and H3 influenza in swine populations in Korea by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. We also investigated whether avian H5 and H9 influenza transmission occurred in pigs from Korea using both the HI and neutralization (NT) tests. 51.2% (380/742) of serum samples tested were positive against the swine H1 virus and 43.7% (324/742) were positive against the swine H3 virus by HI assay. The incidence of seropositivity against both the swine H1 virus and the swine H3 virus was 25.3% (188/742). On the other hand, none of the samples tested showed seropositivity against either the avian H5 virus or the avian H9 virus by the HI and NT tests. Therefore, we report the high current seroprevalence and co-infectivity of swine H1 and H3 influenza viruses in swine populations and the lack of seroepidemiological evidence of avian H5 and H9 influenza transmission to Korean pigs. 相似文献