共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Human-mouse somatic cell hybrids with single human chromosome (group E): link with thymidine kinase activity 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Mouse somatic cells lacking thymidine kinase were mixed in culture with human diploid cells lacking hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, and hybrid cells were isolated and maintained in a selective medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine. The hybrid cells at the time of isolation had karyotypes consisting predominantly of mouse chromosomes but with one human chromosome, a submetacentric member of group E, apparently giving thymidine kinase to the hybrid cell. However, after long-term propagation in the selective medium this chromosome has been lost, although cells continue to show thymidine kinase activity as demonstrated by the incorporation of (3)H-thy-midine into DNA in the hybrid cell. The hybrid cells have only mouse electro-phoretic variants for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase, suggesting that the human genetic loci for these enzymes are not represented in the hybrid genome and may be unlinked to that for thymidine kinase. 相似文献
2.
DNA content and DNA-based centromeric index of the 24 human chromosomes 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
M L Mendelsohn B H Mayall E Bogart D H Moore B H Perry 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(78):1126-1129
The chromosomes of two human males were identified by fluorescent banding, restained, and measured by scanning microscopy and computer analysis. The two variables, DNA content and DNA-based centromeric index, provided almost complete discrimination of chromosome types. Some chromosomes showed significant differences in DNA content between the men, and for one man two pairs of chromosomes showed significant differences between homologs. 相似文献
3.
High-resolution mapping of human chromosome 11 by in situ hybridization with cosmid clones 总被引：133，自引：0，他引：133
P Lichter C J Tang K Call G Hermanson G A Evans D Housman D C Ward 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4938):64-69
Cosmid clones containing human DNA inserts have been mapped on chromosome 11 by fluorescence in situ hybridization under conditions that suppress signal from repetitive DNA sequences. Thirteen known genes, one chromosome 11-specific DNA repeat, and 36 random clones were analyzed. High-resolution mapping was facilitated by using digital imaging microscopy and by analyzing extended (prometaphase) chromosomes. The map coordinates established by in situ hybridization showed a one to one correspondence with those determined by Southern (DNA) blot analysis of hybrid cell lines containing fragments of chromosome 11. Furthermore, by hybridizing three or more cosmids simultaneously, gene order on the chromosome could be established unequivocally. These results demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly producing high-resolution maps of human chromosomes by in situ hybridization. 相似文献
4.
High-resolution chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis assign McArdle's syndrome to chromosome 11 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
R V Lebo F Gorin R J Fletterick F T Kao M C Cheung B D Bruce Y W Kan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4657):57-59
A rapid gene-mapping system uses a high-resolution, dual-laser sorter to identify genes from separate human chromosomes prepared with a new stain combination. This system was used to sort 21 unique chromosome types onto nitrocellulose filter papers. Several labeled gene probes hybridized to the sorted chromosomal DNA types predicted by their previous chromosome assignments. The skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase gene was then mapped to a portion of chromosome 11 by spot blotting normal and translocated chromosomes. 相似文献
5.
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法 ,对关中奶山羊和同羊的染色体核型进行分析。结果表明 ,关中奶山羊染色体数 2 n=60 ,其中有 2 9对常染色体和 1对性染色体 ,常染色体都为端部着丝点染色体。X染色体为第二对最大的端部着丝点染色体 ,Y染色体为唯一的、最小的中部着丝点染色体。同羊二倍体染色体数 2 n=5 4,其中包括 2 6对常染色体和 1对性染色体 ,常染色体中有 3对为中着丝点染色体 ,2 3对为端着丝点染色体 ,X染色体为最大的近端着丝点染色体 ,Y染色体为最小的亚中着丝点染色体 相似文献
6.
B Rajput S F Degen E Reich E K Waller J Axelrod R L Eddy T B Shows 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,230(4726):672-674
A panel of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids and specific complementary DNA probes were used to map the human tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase genes to human chromosomes 8 and 10, respectively. This result is in contrast to a previous assignment of a plasminogen activator gene to chromosome 6. As neoplastic cells produce high levels of plasminogen activator, it is of interest that aberrations of chromosome 8 have been linked to various leukemias and lymphomas and that two human oncogenes, c-mos and c-myc, have also been mapped to chromosome 8. 相似文献
7.
The control of cellular senescence by specific human chromosomes was examined in interspecies cell hybrids between diploid human fibroblasts and an immortal, Syrian hamster cell line. Most such hybrids exhibited a limited life span comparable to that of the human fibroblasts, indicating that cellular senescence is dominant in these hybrids. Karyotypic analyses of the hybrid clones that did not senesce revealed that all these clones had lost both copies of human chromosome 1, whereas all other human chromosomes were observed in at least some of the immortal hybrids. The application of selective pressure for retention of human chromosome 1 to the cell hybrids resulted in an increased percentage of hybrids that senesced. Further, the introduction of a single copy of human chromosome 1 to the hamster cells by microcell fusion caused typical signs of cellular senescence. Transfer of chromosome 11 had no effect on the growth of the cells. These findings indicate that human chromosome 1 may participate in the control of cellular senescence and further support a genetic basis for cellular senescence. 相似文献
8.
Radiation hybrid mapping: a somatic cell genetic method for constructing high-resolution maps of mammalian chromosomes 总被引：69，自引：0，他引：69
Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping, a somatic cell genetic technique, was developed as a general approach for constructing long-range maps of mammalian chromosomes. This statistical method depends on x-ray breakage of chromosomes to determine the distances between DNA markers, as well as their order on the chromosome. In addition, the method allows the relative likelihoods of alternative marker orders to be determined. The RH procedure was used to map 14 DNA probes from a region of human chromosome 21 spanning 20 megabase pairs. The map was confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of RH mapping for constructing high-resolution, contiguous maps of mammalian chromosomes. 相似文献
9.
[目的]为特种野猪的遗传学研究、基因定位提供依据。[方法]用外周血培养方法制备染色体标本,对宁波特种野猪的染色体核型进行了分析。[结果]特种野猪染色体数目为38,其中,A组由1~5号5对染色体组成,属于近中着丝点染色体(SM);B组由6~7号2对染色体组成,属于近端部着丝点染色体(ST);C组由8~13号6对染色体组成,属于中部着丝点染色体(M);D组由14~18号5对染色体组成,属于端部着丝点染色体(T);X染色体为近中部着丝点染色体;Y染色体为中部着丝点染色体。特种野猪染色体数目与家猪相同,但核型有些差异。特种野猪的中部着丝点染色体有6对,端部着丝点染色体有5对,与家猪的正好相反。[结论]特种野猪的核型可能是一些罗伯逊易位个体与正常核型个体间反复杂交,染色体重新组合的结果。 相似文献
10.
Human chromosome 12 is required for elevated HIV-1 expression in human-hamster hybrid cells 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
C E Hart C Y Ou J C Galphin J Moore L T Bacheler J J Wasmuth S R Petteway G Schochetman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4929):488-491
Host cell factors act together with regulatory genes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to control virus production. Human-Chinese hamster ovary hybrid cell clones were used to probe for human chromosomes involved in regulating HIV gene expression. DNA transfection experiments showed that 4 of 18 clones had high levels of HIV gene expression measured by both extracellular virus production and transactivation of the HIV long terminal repeat in the presence of the trans-activator (tat) gene. Karyotype analyses revealed a 94% concordance (17/18) between human chromosome 12 and HIV gene expression. Other chromosomes had an 11 to 72% concordance with virus production. 相似文献
11.
对秦川牛、岭南牛、西镇牛的染色体进行了 G带研究 ,结果表明 ,这 3个黄牛品种除 Y染色体以外的所有染色体对 ,其 G带带型基本一致。每对染色体都有其独有的带纹特征 ,可用于识别牛的每条染色体。Y染色体有中部 (或亚中部 )和近端着丝粒染色体。根据 3个黄牛品种 G带带型的共同特点 ,对其染色体带型进行了描述、分区和命名 ,并绘制了牛 86个区 354条带的 G带模式图 相似文献
12.
海门白山羊染色体核型研究及C-带分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术,分析了海门白山羊的染色体核型与C-带。结果表明,海门白山羊二倍体染色体数为2n=60,常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间,Y染色体最小,为中部着丝粒染色体,公羊核型为60,XY,母羊为60,XX。大部分常染色体和X,Y染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C-带,但不同染色体的阳性C-带区域大小不同。 相似文献
13.
Somatic cell hybrid between the established human line D98 (presumptive HeLa) and 3T3 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Somatic cell hybrids have been made between an established human cell line with a long culture history and established mouse fibroblast line. When first analyzed, the hybrid cells contained nearly twice as many mouse chromosomes as the mouse parent line and a human chromosome complemnent of about half that of the human parent. There was further loss of human chromosomes on continued cultivation. This behavior resembles that of other human mouse hybrids and appears to be characteristic of the human-mouse combination. However, the number of human chromosomes is greater than in hybrids made from human diploid fibroblasts. Some clones contain more than a haptoid quantity of human DNA per cell and should synthesize a much greater number of human gene products. 相似文献
14.
Duplication, deletion, and polymorphism in the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
G Mardon R Mosher C M Disteche Y Nishioka A McLaren D C Page 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,243(4887):78-80
The ZFY gene in the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a "zinc-finger" protein that may be the testis-determining factor, TDF. Although the Y chromosomes of most placental mammals carry a single homolog of ZFY, the mouse Y chromosome has two homologs, both in the sex-determining (Sxr) region. Zfy-1 alone may suffice to determine maleness; Zfy-2 is dispensable, as it was deleted in an Sxr variant that retains sex-determining function but has lost other genes. Both loci mapped near the centromere of the mouse Y chromosome. The Y chromosomes of the subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus were distinguishable by a Zfy-1 restriction fragment polymorphism, which can be used to study their differing interactions with autosomal sex-determining genes. 相似文献
15.
The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis in eukaryotes is the physical basis of Mendelian inheritance. The core of the meiotic process is a specialized nuclear division (meiosis I) in which homologs pair with each other, recombine, and then segregate from each other. The processes of chromosome alignment and pairing allow for homolog recognition. Reciprocal meiotic recombination ensures meiotic chromosome segregation by converting sister chromatid cohesion into mechanisms that hold homologous chromosomes together. Finally, the ability of sister kinetochores to orient to a single pole at metaphase I allows the separation of homologs to two different daughter cells. Failures to properly accomplish this elegant chromosome dance result in aneuploidy, a major cause of miscarriage and birth defects in human beings. 相似文献
16.
High-speed chromosome sorting 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
J W Gray P N Dean J C Fuscoe D C Peters B J Trask G J van den Engh M A Van Dilla 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4825):323-329
Dual-beam high-speed sorting has been developed to facilitate purification of chromosomes based on DNA staining with the fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3. Approximately 200 chromosomes per second of two types can be sorted from a suspension of chromosomes isolated from human lymphoblasts while fluorescent objects (chromosomes, debris fragments, chromosome clumps, and nuclei) are processed at the rate of about 20,000 per second. This sorting rate is approximately ten times that possible with conventional sorters. Chromosomes of a single type can be sorted with a purity of about 90 percent. DNA from the sorted chromosomes is suitable for construction of recombinant DNA libraries and for gene mapping. 相似文献
17.
Chromosome localization of highly repetitive human DNA's and amplified ribosomal DNA with restriction enzymes 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Restriction endonucleases cut and partially removed DNA throughout fixed air-dried human metaphase chromosomes. Some enzymes produced a G-banding pattern; some revealed the presence of multiple chromosome-specific classes of highly repetitive DNA in C-band heterochromatin. Enzymes that produced the informative C-band patterns had recognition sequences that were four or five, but not six, base pairs long and did not contain a cytosine-guanine doublet. In both rat and human chromosomes, regions containing amplified ribosomal RNA genes were specifically removed by the restriction endonuclease Msp I. 相似文献
18.
甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间五倍体后代的细胞学观察结果表明,非整倍体中体细胞或花粉母细胞(PMCs)出现47、44和41条染色体的频率均高于其他类型的细胞.除了2n=38的植株外,其余均为混倍体.在2n>38的花粉母细胞中,附加的异源染色体经常落后于后期核外而呈现染色体消除现象.在减数分裂的第一次分裂时期,多数PMCs趋向于均衡分离.另外也观察到后期Ⅰ细胞一极出现17或18条染色体的特殊分离方式.对PMC后期Ⅰ细胞核以及雌雄配子的组成及比例的研究也发现,在2n=44和41的植株中存在染色体的消减现象,雄配子染色体消减的速率快于其余两种情况.而且低染色体数目配子(n=22～19)具有更高频率传递给后代.根尖的体细胞中存在染色体消除现象. 相似文献
19.
The fragile X site in somatic cell hybrids: an approach for molecular cloning of fragile sites 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Fragile X syndrome is a common form of mental retardation associated with a fragile site on the human X chromosome. Although fragility at this site is usually evident as a nonstaining chromatid gap, it remains unclear whether or not actual chromosomal breakage occurs. By means of somatic cell hybrids containing either a normal human X or a fragile X chromosome and utilizing two genes that flank the fragile site as markers of chromosome integrity, segregation of these markers was shown to be more frequent if they encompass the fragile site under appropriate culture conditions. Hybrid cells that reveal marker segregation were found to contain rearranged X chromosomes involving the region at or near the fragile site, thus demonstrating true chromosomal breakage within this area. Two independent translocation chromosomes were identified involving a rodent chromosome joined to the human X at the location of the fragile site. DNA analysis of closely linked, flanking loci was consistent with the position of the breakpoint being at or very near the fragile X site. Fragility at the translocation junctions was observed in both hybrids, but at significantly lower frequencies than that seen in the intact X of the parental hybrid. This observation suggests that the human portion of the junctional DNA may contain part of a repeated fragility sequence. Since the translocation junctions join heterologous DNA, the molecular cloning of the fragile X sequence should now be possible. 相似文献
20.
A major human histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
L Green R Van Antwerpen J Stein G Stein P Tripputi B Emanuel J Selden C Croce 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4676):838-840
A human histone gene cluster was assigned to chromosome 1 by Southern blot analysis of DNA's from a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with 32P-labeled cloned human H4 and H3 histone DNA as probes. Localization of this histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1 was confirmed by in situ hybridization of this DNA probe to metaphase chromosomes. 相似文献