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1.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(14)
为了研究中药金银花是否具有抗牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)活性的作用,试验首先测定了金银花对牛肾细胞(MDBK细胞)的最佳用药浓度,用该浓度的金银花对在细胞内和细胞外两种状态的BVDV进行试验。细胞外试验中,把BVDV与金银花在体外混合,作用0,6,12 h后接种MDBK细胞,以研究金银花在细胞外抗BVDV活性作用。细胞内试验中,将BVDV先接种至MDBK细胞,然后用含金银花的细胞维持液培养1 h,最后用细胞维持液继续培养24,36,48 h,以观察金银花对BVDV复制的影响。采用免疫荧光试验、病毒半数组织细胞感染量(TCID_(50))测定及荧光定量PCR方法,检测金银花对BVDV活性和复制的影响。结果表明:当金银花浓度为2.5×10~(-2) g/mL时,对细胞的毒性最小。因此,用该浓度的金银花对BVDV在细胞内和细胞外两种状态进行试验。细胞外试验组免疫荧光试验结果显示,金银花与BVDV作用0 h,培养72 h后,仍有特异性荧光;而金银花与BVDV作用6 h和12 h,培养72 h后则无特异性荧光出现,表明在细胞外金银花对BVDV活性起到了良好的抑制作用。随着金银花与BVDV在体外作用时间的增加,病毒对照组TCID_(50)极显著高于试验组(P0.01)。BVDV与金银花作用0,6,12 h后感染细胞,试验组与病毒对照组样品中BVDV mRNA相对含量均差异极显著(P0.01)。细胞内试验组免疫荧光试验结果显示,金银花作用24 h样品仍有少量特异性荧光,而作用36 h和48 h样品则无特异性荧光。随着金银花与BVDV作用时间的增加,病毒对照组TCID_(50)逐渐增大;而试验组TCID_(50)基本不变,与病毒对照组差异极显著(P0.01)。细胞内的BVDV与金银花作用36,48 h后,试验组与病毒对照组样品中BVDV mRNA相对含量差异极显著(P0.01)。说明金银花可对细胞内外的BVDV活性起到良好的抑制作用,可以抑制BVDV的活性。 相似文献
2.
用非致细胞病变（noncytopathic,NCP）和致细胞病变（cytopathic,CP）型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）感染临床健康BVDV检测阴性的荷斯坦奶牛外周血单核细胞（PBMC）,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对感染后共刺激分子CD80和CD86mRNA转录水平的变化进行定量分析。结果表明,在NCP型BVDV感染牛PBMC后CD80在4h（P〈0.05）和12,24h（P〈0.01）出现2次转录高峰,CD86在6h（P〈0.05）出现转录高峰;CP型BVDV感染后,CD80在24h（P〈0.05）出现转录高峰,CD86在6h（P〈0.05）出现转录高峰。尽管CD80在NCP型BVDV感染后呈现较复杂的动态变化,但结果提示NCP型和CP型BVDV感染均可导致牛PBMC的共刺激分子CD80和CD86基因转录在感染早期明显受到抑制,PBMC的抗原呈递能力受到影响。 相似文献
3.
对板连败毒口服液(BBO)的解热作用及其可能的作用机制进行探索。48只清洁级新西兰大白兔随机分成6组(8只/组),分别为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、阳性药物组(布洛芬)、BBO低剂量组、BBO中剂量组、BBO高剂量组。阴性对照组家兔耳缘静脉注射生理盐水4mL/kg;其余各组家兔耳缘静脉注射330mL/L脱脂牛奶溶液4mL/kg建立发热模型。造模1h后,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予BBO(0.6、1.2、2.5g/kg),连续3次,每次间隔1h;阳性药物组灌胃给予布洛芬水溶液(0.03g/kg)连续3次,阳性对照组与阴性对照组给予等体积灭菌生理盐水灌胃,连续3次,每次间隔1h。造模后每1h测定体温一次,连续监测5次,观察BBO对家兔发热的解热作用。监测完最后一次体温后麻醉家兔取下丘脑,ELISA检测下丘脑中与炎性发热相关因子,包括白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)等,探讨BBO的解热机制。结果表明,BBO能够显著降低家兔体温;能够显著降低下丘脑中IL-1β、IL-6、cAMP、PGE2的含量。BBO的解热机制可能与抑制下丘脑IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2等内生致热源从而降低cAPM分泌有关。 相似文献
4.
为研究牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）感染细胞后的免疫相关基因在不同时间差异表达,以及细胞病变型（CP）和非致细胞病变型（NCP）牛病毒性腹泻病毒感染MDBK细胞后免疫相关基因表达差异及功能,本研究采用基因表达谱芯片技术,将BVDV NM01株和JL株分别接种MDBK细胞,同时设正常细胞对照,分别将接种48 h、72 h和96 h后的细胞和对照细胞收集,提取总RNA,进行免疫相关基因扫描分析。实验结果显示：BVDV感染后48 h,MN01株病毒感染细胞有9个基因上调,1个基因下调;JL株有3个基因上调,3个基因下调;感染后72h,MN01株病毒感染细胞有33个基因上调,14个基因下调;JL株有15个基因上调,8个基因下调;感染后96 h,MN01株病毒感染细胞有43个基因上调,30个基因下调;JL株有7个基因上调,7个基因下调。通过研究不同生物型BVDV感染MDBK细胞后相关免疫基因表达情况,为进一步了解BVDV感染细胞的免疫机理提供了线索。 相似文献
5.
为了探索牛干扰素转录调节因子7(IRF7)基因对牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV)增殖的影响,试验通过慢病毒包装和RNA干扰等试验构建IRF7基因的干扰和过表达细胞模型,然后运用实时荧光定量PCR扩增和Western-blot验证过表达及干扰效果,最后用BVDV进行感染,通过E2蛋白的表达水平评估IRF7基因与BVDV增殖的关系。结果表明：BVDV感染IRF7基因过表达细胞模型12 h后,E2基因相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),且随着时间的延长,E2蛋白表达水平逐渐降低;而BVDV感染IRF7基因干扰细胞模型8 h后,E2基因相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05),E2蛋白的表达水平在8 h后逐渐升高,即过表达IRF7基因能够使BVDV增殖水平降低,而干扰IRF7基因的表达则能够使BVDV的增殖水平增加。说明牛IRF7蛋白对牛BVDV的增殖具有抑制作用。 相似文献
6.
家兔对生活的环境温度是相当敏感的,茵其被毛浓密,汗腺少(仅分布子唇边及鼠鼷部),所以家兔依靠皮肤散热就不如其他家畜。家兔比较耐寒而不耐热。夏季较高的温度环境对家兔产生的热应激反应很明显。 1 温度对家兔体温的影响家兔的正常体温为38.3°—39.5℃。昼夜间,随外界温度变化其体温可相差2°一3℃,夏季比冬季体温高出0.5°—1℃。家兔的体热散失以呼吸散热为重要特征。当外界温度升高时,家兔依靠增加呼吸次 相似文献
7.
<正> 空气的温度,是畜舍空气环境诸因素中对有机体影响的主要因素。研究家兔热调节的特点与兔舍空气环境温度的关系,对养兔生产和兔舍设计都有重要的意义。 家兔是恒温哺乳动物,具有相对恒定的体温。体温正常,是机体产热与散热平衡的表现。根据范特荷甫定律,以这一温度的代谢率为100％,在正常体温范围外每增高或降低一度,其代谢率随之增减10—20％。关于家兔的正常体温范围至今 相似文献
8.
为深入研究牛场中普遍存在的持续性感染,探讨不同生物型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）转化的分子机制,本试验将致细胞病变型BVDV （CP型BVDV）和非致细胞病变型BVDV （NCP型BVDV）感染MDBK细胞,观察细胞变化,感染后12~72 h期间每间隔12 h收集1次细胞,同时对24、48 h收集的细胞进行转录组学分析。结果显示,不同生物型BVDV感染宿主细胞24 h后,与感染NCP型BVDV的细胞相比,感染CP型BVDV的MDBK细胞中上调差异表达的基因2 849个,下调差异表达的基因3 347个,48 h后,上调差异表达的基因2 933个,下调差异表达的基因2 831个。对差异基因的GO功能分析结果表明,差异基因参与的分子功能主要有催化活性、结合活性、酶调节活性、分子转导活性和蛋白结合转录因子活性等;Pathway显著性富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要参与细胞自噬、细胞凋亡、免疫调节因子等相关的信号通路。本试验结果可为进一步揭示病毒致病的分子机制、控制BVDV和研制其候选疫苗奠定基础。 相似文献
9.
为了研究家兔脑缺血再灌注损伤后边缘系统一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化及血塞通对其活性变化的影响,探讨血塞通对全脑缺血家兔的脑保护作用.选取3月龄哈白兔63只,体质量(1500±150)g,随机分为脑缺血治疗组,脑缺血未治疗组和对照组3组,手术建立家兔全脑缺血模型,应用生化检测技术测定脑缺血再灌注后不同时间边缘系统NOS活性变化及血塞通对其活性的影响.结果表明,边缘系统内NOS活性在脑缺血再灌注2 h后开始升高,6 h达到高峰,随后逐渐下降,24～96 h活性持续下降,120 h后恢复至正常水平;脑缺血治疗组下降幅度大、速度快,在96 h即恢复至正常水平.缺血治疗组和正常对照组NOS的活性极最著低于缺血未治疗组(P<0.01).结果提示,血塞通可以通过减弱NOS活性进而维持NO的生理含量,对全脑缺血再灌注损伤家兔有明显的脑保护作用. 相似文献
10.
《畜牧与兽医》2021,(11)
试验旨在研究天然小分子化合物小檗胺(berbamine, BBM)对牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV)感染BALB/c小鼠的影响。共分为预防保护和治疗两部分试验。预防保护试验将24只BALB/c小鼠随机分成3组,每组8只,使用0、50、100 mg/kg BBM提前灌胃,每24 h灌胃1次,连续灌胃3 d,滴鼻感染BVDV 48 h后再次感染,于感染后继续每24 h灌胃,感染后5和10 d时分别处死4只,取肝、脾、肾、小肠等组织使用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测BVDV 5′UTR水平;制备病理切片并使用HE染色检测各组织病变情况。治疗试验中将24只BALB/c小鼠随机分成2组,BVDV滴鼻感染,48 h后再次感染后使用0和100 mg/kg BBM灌胃BALB/c小鼠,每24 h灌胃1次,于感染后3、6和10 d时分别处死4只小鼠,使用qPCR检测BVDV载量,通过病理切片检测各组织病变情况。结果显示,预防保护试验发现,与对照组相比,50和100 mg/kg BBM使BVDV感染后各组织5′UTR水平最大降低约72倍,处理剂量与抑制作用呈正相关;病理切片观察发现,与对照组相比,50和100 mg/kg BBM可减少BVDV感染引起的肝、脾、肾、肠等组织病变,且其作用与剂量呈正相关。治疗试验发现,100 mg/kg BBM处理不同时间均能显著性抑制BVDV 5′UTR水平,最大降低约26倍;病理切片观察发现,与对照组相比100 mg/kg BBM在不同时间均能缓解BVDV感染引起的肝、脾、肾、肠等组织充血水肿,且其作用与剂量呈正相关。研究表明,BBM进行预防保护试验和治疗试验均能显著性抑制BVDV体内复制,减轻BVDV感染造成的组织器官病理变化,表明BBM具有较好的抗BVDV感染BALB/c小鼠的作用。 相似文献
11.
Ameri M Schnaars HA Sibley JR Honor DJ 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(2):188-193
Background: The time from sampling to analysis can be delayed when blood samples are shipped to distant reference laboratories or when analysis cannot be readily performed. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of hematologic analytes in blood samples from monkeys, rabbits, rats, and mice when samples were stored for up to 72 hours at 4°C. Methods: Blood samples from 30 monkeys, 15 rabbits, 20 rats, and 30 mice were collected into EDTA‐containing tubes and were initially analyzed within 1 hour of collection using the ADVIA 120 analyzer. The samples were then stored at 4°C and reanalyzed at 24, 48, and 72 hours after collection. Results: Significant (P<.0003) changes in hematologic analytes and calculations included increased HCT and MCV and decreased MCHC and cell hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) at 72 hours and increased MPV at 24 hours in monkeys; increased MCV at 72 hours and MPV at 48 hours and decreased monocyte count at 24 hours in rabbits; increased MCV and decreased MCHC, CHCM, and monocyte count at 24 hours in rats; increased MCV, red cell distribution width, and MPV and decreased MCHC, CHCM, and monocyte count at 24 hours in mice. Conclusions: Although most of the changes in the hematologic analytes in blood from monkeys, rabbits, rats, and mice when samples were stored at 4°C were analytically acceptable and clinically negligible, the best practice in measuring hematologic analytes in these animals is timely processing of blood samples, preferably within 1 hour after collection. 相似文献
12.
B Kisloff 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(7):1033-1034
Combination of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) and paraldehyde (0.5 ml/kg), both administered intramuscularly, was found to be safe and effective for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for prolonged major surgical procedures in rabbits. Time of induction of deep surgical anesthesia was 20 to 30 minutes. Surgical procedures (creation of intestinal loops for perfusion studies) lasting 3 to 4 hours were performed, with an additional dose of ketamine (25 mg/kg) occasionally being given after 2 hours. At the end of the experiments, rabbits were killed. Another group of rabbits was maintained in a deep surgical plane of anesthesia for 5 hours without any surgical operation being done. Rabbits were then allowed to recover and, on the next day, were again anesthetized and allowed to recover without the performance of surgical operation. Finally, after a day's hiatus, the same rabbits were used in intestinal perfusion experiments. The use of 2 complementary anesthetics, each with a wide margin of safety for respiratory centers, provided safe anesthesia. The ability to administer a relatively fixed dose obviated the need for inordinate expertise to anesthetize rabbits for long periods. 相似文献
13.
Infectious disease is typically accompanied by changes in the number and types of circulating leukocytes. To examine the effects of infectious challenge on the distribution of rabbit WBC, rabbits were inoculated IV with Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, or Candida albicans. Blood was collected prior to and every 6 to 12 hours after inoculation for 48 hours. Infectious challenge did not substantially alter total WBC counts, but did cause neutrophilia and lymphopenia for 6 to 48 hours after inoculation. Similar patterns of leukocyte distribution were observed in rabbits with naturally developing clinical problems. Thus, high total WBC counts may not be a common characteristic of acute infectious conditions in rabbits, but differential distributions of various leukocyte populations can provide useful markers of disease in this species. 相似文献
14.
Pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin in rabbits. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
R L Broome D L Brooks J G Babish D D Copeland G M Conzelman 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(11):1835-1841
The pharmacokinetic properties of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial enrofloxacin were studied in New Zealand White rabbits. Four rabbits were each given enrofloxacin as a single 5 mg/kg of body weight dosage by IV, SC, and oral routes over 4 weeks. Serum antimicrobial concentrations were determined for 24 hours after dosing. Compartmental modeling of the IV administration indicated that a 2-compartment open model best described the disposition of enrofloxacin in rabbits. Serum enrofloxacin concentrations after SC and oral dosing were best described by a 1- and 2-compartment model, respectively. Overall elimination half-lives for IV, SC, and oral routes of administration were 2.5, 1.71, and 2.41 hours, respectively. The half-life of absorption for oral dosing was 26 times the half-life of absorption after SC dosing (7.73 hours vs 0.3 hour). The observed time to maximal serum concentration was 0.9 hour after SC dosing and 2.3 hours after oral administration. The observed serum concentrations at these times were 2.07 and 0.452 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean residence times were 1.55 hours for IV injections, 1.46 hours for SC dosing, and 8.46 hours for oral administration. Enrofloxacin was widely distributed in the rabbit as suggested by the volume of distribution value of 2.12 L/kg calculated from the IV study. The volume of distribution at steady-state was estimated at 0.93 L/kg. Compared with IV administration, bioavailability was 77% after SC dosing and 61% for gastrointestinal absorption. Estimates of predicted average steady-state serum concentrations were 0.359, 0.254, and 0.226 micrograms/ml for IV, SC, and oral administration, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
15.
M N Santos V A Nunes I J Nunes S S Barros R H Wasserman L Krook 《The Cornell veterinarian》1976,66(4):566-589
Young rabbits on high (0.57%) or low (0.24%) calcium were given an aqueous extract of Solanum malacoxylon (S.m.) leaves (20 g dried leaves/200 ml distilled water) intragastrically at 0, 12 and 36 hours. On bothe diets S.m. induced progressive hypophosphatasemia but serum calcium and phosphorus underwent only minor changes. In rabbits necropsied at 0, 12, 36, 60, 84 and 108 hours, S.m. was shown to have a negative effect on the resorbing osteocytes. With retarded osteocytic osteolysis, osteopetrosis resulted. Further regressive changes in the osteocytes resulted in osteonecrosis which was observed within 12 hours after administration of S.m. extract. The osteonecrosis, combined with retarded apposition, later resulted in osteopenia. It was concluded that the recommended dietary calcium for growing rabbits--about 0.6%--is too high. Whereas the histologic appearance of bone in rabbits fed low calcium was normal, bones from rabbits on high calcium showed retarded resorption and the rabbits had a relative hypophosphatasemia. 相似文献
16.
猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗原单表位基因的融合表达及其免疫活性的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用基因搭桥技术，在Klenow DNA聚合酶作用下，分别合成猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的3个抗原表位基因，并与原核表达载体pGEX-3X进行连接、转化和筛选鉴定，构建了3个重组质粒pGEX-C、pGEX-D和pGEX-E。在IPTG的诱导下.实现了可溶性蛋白的融合表达(GST-C、GSTD、GST-E)，以GST亲和层析柱对融合蛋白进行纯化。应用ELISA和Western-blot检测证实：E抗原表位基因表达的融合蛋白GST-E具有免疫学活性，而C和D的抗原表位基因虽然都表达了融合蛋白GST-C和GSTD，但未检测到免疫学活性。免疫攻毒保护试验表明：融合蛋白GST-E具有一定的免疫保护功能，为多表位疫苗的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
17.
Castration of rabbits can be achieved with several surgical techniques. The choice of the technique currently depends on surgeon preference since objective comparison between techniques is lacking. The aim of the current study was to compare the scrotal and prescrotal approaches in pet rabbits. The surgery and anesthesia duration, the postoperative appetite and feces production, and the postoperative complications were compared. Thirteen rabbits were randomly assigned to the scrotal or prescrotal castration groups. Appetite, fecal output, surgical incisions, and scrotums were evaluated at 8 hourse, 24 hours, 32 hours, and 7 days after surgery. Scrotal edema at 8, 24, and 32 hours and anesthesia duration were significantly higher in the scrotal group compared to the prescrotal group (P = 0.008, P = 0.013, P = 0.021, and P = 0.034, respectively). A nonsignificant tendency toward a higher rate of licking and mutilation behaviors was observed in the scrotal group 24 hours postsurgery. No other complications were observed in either group. All rabbits quickly recovered a normal appetite and fecal output, and all surgical incisions healed without issue. Although the prescrotal technique was associated with less complications, both techniques were considered safe options for rabbits in this study. 相似文献
18.
T Lanthier C Miller W N McDonell J A Yager J H Roth 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(12):1914-1921
Perfusion and viability of island axial pattern skin flaps were tested in 37 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, using laser Doppler monitoring of blood flow in the capillary loops and the subpapillary plexus of the dermis. Skin flaps, selected on the basis of the caudal superficial epigastric vein and artery, were lifted and replaced in their original locus after selective occlusion of their vascular pedicles. Subjects were allotted into groups: control group (n = 10); arterial occlusion (n = 7); venous occlusion (n = 10); and arterial and venous occlusion (n = 10). The rabbits were monitored from 48 hours before surgery until euthanasia 48 to 72 hours after replacement of the flap. Flap viability was assessed on a clinical basis, using a comparative scoring method based on a numeric scale. The degree of necrosis in histologic sections was evaluated, using a scoring system. Laser Doppler measurements were obtained on 3 consecutive days before surgery, to establish the normal basal blood flow in the skin. Postsurgical measurements were obtained at 2-hour intervals for the first 8 hours and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Measurements of basal blood flow varied significantly (P less than 0.05) from site to site on the surface of individual flaps and over time. When laser Doppler flowmetric (LDF) measurements from 6 sites on a flap were used as a measure of laser Doppler flow for the total flap, there was no significant difference between contralateral flap areas outlined on the abdomen of the rabbits. Temporal variations over 3 days for each rabbit or among rabbits were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of tritiated polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (3H-PSGAG) in serum, urine, and the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of rabbits after IM administration and molecular weight of 3H-PSGAG recovered from the SDFT. ANIMALS: Twenty-five 12-week-old New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURE: Rabbits were given a single dose of 3H-PSGAG (1.1 mg/kg [70 mCi of specific activity/kg] of body weight) IM. At each of 5 sample times (2, 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours), 5 rabbits were randomly selected and sedated, and blood and urine samples were collected. Rabbits were then euthanatized, and the SDFT were immediately harvested from the hind limbs. Scintillation spectrometry was used to detect concentration of 3H-PSGAG in fluid and tissue samples. Gel-filtration chromatography was used to determine molecular weight of recovered 3H-PSGAG. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of 3H-PSGAG in SDFT, serum, and urine were greatest 2 hours after administration. Tritiated PSGAG could be detected in all samples collected 192 hours after administration. Gel-filtration chromatography confirmed that 3H-PSGAG detected in SDFT samples was high molecular weight PSGAG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that PSGAG is distributed to the SDFT, serum, and urine after IM administration in rabbits. Further study is needed to determine whether the same is true in horses and to determine what effect, if any, PSGAG has on inflammation of the SDFT. 相似文献
20.
Jones JM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1984,32(1-2):9-10
A case of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in two Rex rabbits is described. Three animals were diagnosed as having dermatitis characterised by pruritis and alopecia due to infestation with Cheyletiella parasitivorax. Two of the animals were dipped in 2% malathion solution: one died within 15 hours post-dipping, the other was euthanased subsequent to the onset of convulsions. A procedure for the future dipping of rabbits is suggested, and a recommendation is made for a lower concentration of malathion to be used. 相似文献