共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
由大丽轮枝菌引起的棉花黄萎病是一种难以防治的土传病害,西兰花残体还对其有一定的防治作用,防效为62.82%。为解析西兰花残体对棉花黄萎病的防治机制,本研究通过土壤杆菌转化的方法构建了大丽轮枝菌的绿色荧光标记菌株,采用共聚焦显微镜观察标记菌株在添加西兰花残体营养基质中和空白对照营养基质种植的棉花体内的侵染和扩展情况。结果表明构建的标记菌株gfp-wx-1与野生菌株wx-1的生物学特性无显著性差异。同时发现大丽轮枝菌在添加西兰花残体营养基质中棉花体内扩展较慢,具体表现为:在空白营养基质种植的棉花体内,大丽轮枝菌在接种第2 d时就可侵染根尖表层及根内部,第3 d到达茎部维管束,第5 d叶片可观察到少量病原菌,第7 d第一片子叶呈现大量病原菌,后期迅速扩展,叶片出现黄萎病斑;而在营养基质中添加西兰花残体种植的棉花体内,大丽轮枝菌在接种第2 d时就可侵染根尖表层,第3 d侵染根尖内部,第5 d侵染茎部维管束,直到第7 d第一片子叶才出现少量病原菌,后期扩展慢,叶片病斑较少。本研究通过荧光定量PCR方法检测了大丽轮枝菌在两个处理棉花根部定殖情况,结果表明西兰花残体能够显著降低大丽轮枝菌在棉花根部定殖的量。该研究初步明确了西兰花残体对棉花黄萎病的防治机制,为棉花黄萎病的绿色防治提供了一条新的途径。 相似文献
2.
棉花黄萎病是一种极难防治的土传性真菌病害,研究病原菌侵染棉花的组织学过程对致病机理解析和抗病资源利用具有重要意义。本研究利用绿色荧光蛋白标记的大丽轮枝菌系统研究了其对抗病棉种海岛棉7124和三裂棉、感病棉种军棉1号和戴维逊棉的侵染过程。结果表明,大丽轮枝菌对抗/感棉种的初始侵染没有明显差异,接菌5 h后,分生孢子均能吸附在感病和抗病棉种的根表面。但侵染过程存在显著差异,侵染感病棉种中病原菌3~5 d到达皮层,5~7 d达到维管束,随后迅速扩展繁殖,侵染14 d后即完成系统侵染,并开始产生黄萎病症状;而病原菌侵染抗病棉种,5~7 d才侵入皮层,7~10 d到达维管束,14 d后仍无法扩展,病原菌的定殖与发展受到限制,无法形成系统侵染,较少形成黄萎病症状。本研究通过绿色荧光蛋白标记大丽轮枝菌对抗/感棉种的侵染过程研究,为大丽轮枝菌致病机理研究和抗性资源利用提供了强有力的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
植物内生细菌在棉花体内的定殖动态及对棉花黄萎病的生物防治效果 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为明确植物内生细菌在棉花体内的定殖规律及对棉花黄萎病防治效果的影响,采用对峙培养法筛选对大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae Kleb.抑菌活性强的植物内生细菌,通过形态及生理生化特征并结合16S r DNA和gyr B基因分析鉴定菌株;利用抗生素标记法及盆栽试验研究其在棉花体内的定殖动态及对棉花黄萎病的防治效果。结果表明:共筛选到3株对大丽轮枝菌具有强抑菌活性的菌株SZ5、DP10和CCM9,其中SZ5为蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus,定殖在棉花根部、茎部和叶部,DP10和CCM9为枯草芽胞杆菌B.subtilis,定殖在棉花根部和茎部,3株菌在棉花根部的定殖数量均在10~3CFU/g以上;棉花苗沾根分别接入3株内生细菌10 d后再接种大丽轮枝菌孢子悬浮液,对棉花黄萎病的防治效果达79.52%~89.79%,而3株内生细菌沾根接种后立即移栽到含有大丽轮枝菌的土壤中对棉花黄萎病的防治效果为23.77%~36.03%。表明不同内生细菌菌株在棉花体内的定殖规律不同;且在棉苗中定殖一定数量后,才能对棉花黄萎病产生较高的防治效果。 相似文献
4.
棉花内生真菌CEF-373菌株对棉花黄萎病的防效及其作用机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确棉花内生真菌CEF-373菌株对棉花黄萎病的防效及其作用机理,利用圆盘滤膜法和平板对扣培养法测定菌株CEF-373对大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae菌丝生长的抑制作用,测定其对棉花黄萎病的温室和田间防效,并通过活性氧含量及防御基因表达情况来分析其作用机理。结果表明,菌株CEF-373的挥发性代谢产物和非挥发性代谢产物对大丽轮枝菌菌丝的生长均有显著抑制作用,抑制率最高分别可达37.75%和100.00%。用1×107CFU/mL的菌株CEF-373分生孢子悬浮液灌根后,对棉花黄萎病的温室防效可达71.12%,用质量比为3%的菌株CEF-373固体菌剂拌土栽培后,对棉花黄萎病的温室防效可达62.74%,防治作用显著。菌株CEF-373的发酵液滴灌和微生物肥料处理40 d后,对棉花黄萎病的田间防效达到最大,分别为36.23%和27.71%,而在后期有所降低。菌株CEF-373可以诱导棉花叶片中细胞活性氧的爆发;且菌株CEF-373成功激活了苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、几丁质酶和病程相关蛋白基因PR10的表达,对大丽轮枝菌的侵染具有抵御作用。表明棉花内生真菌CEF-373菌株通过抑制大丽轮枝菌生长以及诱导寄主系统抗病性来有效防治棉花黄萎病,具有较好的生物防治应用前景。 相似文献
5.
2014年在石河子大学试验站和实验农场种植的红花出现了一种植株矮化,叶片发黄,枯死的病害,切开茎秆,维管束变成褐色。采用常规组织分离法对病组织茎秆进行分离、纯化获得单孢纯培养菌株;通过常规纸钵撕底沾根法对其进行致病性测定;用形态学和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,分离菌株的菌落形态、分生孢子梗和分生孢子的形态都与大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae 一致;经分子生物学鉴定,该菌的 rDNA-ITS 序列与中国棉花黄萎病菌V．dahliae 的 ITS 序列（登录号 KT803074）同源性为99％以上。故将引起新疆红花黄萎病的病原菌鉴定为大丽轮枝菌V．dahliae。 相似文献
6.
新疆榆树黄萎病病原菌鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年以来,在石河子大学农学院试验站榆树苗上,出现了一种病害,可导致叶片褪绿,变黄,萎蔫,甚至枯死,剖茎检查可见维管束变成褐色。采用常规组织分离法对病茎组织进行分离、纯化获得单孢纯培养菌株;通过常规纸钵撕底蘸根法对其进行致病性测定;用形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析方法对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,分离菌株的菌落形态、分生孢子梗和分生孢子的形态都与大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)一致;经分子生物学鉴定,该菌的rDNA-ITS序列与中国棉花黄萎病菌(V.dahliae)的ITS序列(登录号EU 835817.1)相似性达99.0%,故将引起新疆榆树黄萎病的病原菌鉴定为大丽轮枝菌(V.dahliae)。 相似文献
7.
绿色荧光蛋白基因标记棉花黄萎病菌 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以携带有潮霉素抗性筛选标记的pCTHyg载体为骨架,构建了含有增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因sGFP的载体pCH-sGFP,并通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化法导入引起棉花黄萎病的高致病力大丽轮枝菌Vd991,获得了sGFP整合到大丽轮枝菌基因组的转化株。通过转化子荧光信号、生长表型和致病力筛选鉴定,获得了1株与Vd991生长和致病力无显著差异且荧光信号强烈的转化株Vd gfp77。侵染棉花根部试验表明,Vd-gfp77侵染棉花后快速扩展繁殖,子代仍然能发出强烈的荧光信号。本试验绿色荧光蛋白标记大丽轮枝菌的成功构建,为后续大丽轮枝菌侵染棉花过程的组织学和致病机理研究提供了良好的研究材料。 相似文献
8.
9.
棉花黄萎病病原菌大丽轮枝菌的快速分子检测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae是引起棉花黄萎病的土传病害病原真菌。快速及时地检测出大丽轮枝菌,对棉花黄萎病的早期预警及后期防治具有重要意义。采用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测技术对已报道大丽轮枝菌的检测引物进行验证、筛选和改进,获得1对改进的特异性PCR引物VDS-F/VDS-R。在优化的反应体系与扩增条件下,能特异性地从大丽轮枝菌基因组扩增出l条约520 bp的产物条带,检测灵敏度达到10~(-2)ng/μL;利用该引物可特异性地从含有大丽轮枝菌的土壤及棉花植株组织中检测出病原菌;采用巢氏PCR法对人工病土的检测灵敏度达到了10个孢子/g土。表明本引物的PCR检测体系可用于棉花黄萎病的早期快速检测。 相似文献
10.
本研究探讨了温室和田间试验条件下西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果以及西兰花残体对棉花生长的安全性,以期为深入研究西兰花植株残体对棉花黄萎病的生态防治机制提供依据。将粉碎的西兰花植株残体与培养基质分别按1%、3%、5%、7%和14%处理混匀,在（28±2）℃条件下分别腐解7和30 d后种植棉花,测定其对棉花出苗率、株高的影响以及对黄萎病的防治效果。研究结果表明,当腐解时间为7 d,西兰花残体处理比例为1%和3%时,棉花出苗率与不添加西兰花残体的空白对照处理不存在显著差异,但对株高具有显著促生长作用,增幅分别为19.46%、42.41%和36.96%;西兰花残体添加比例为5%、7%和14%时,对出苗具有不同程度的抑制作用。当腐解时间为30 d时,上述各比例西兰花残体处理后的棉花出苗率和株高与空白对照之间差异不显著。西兰花残体处理显著降低了棉花黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,其21 d后的防治效果达到72.55%。田间试验表明,西兰花残体在棉花全生育期内对黄萎病的防治效果为43.06%。综合分析表明,西兰花残体的施入,促进了棉花生长,降低了黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,且在发病初期的防治效果优于后期。研究结果为深入研究西兰花残体防治棉花黄萎病的生态机制提供理论依据和技术指导,最终为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控和化学农药的减量提供了新途径和思路。 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT Broccoli is resistant to Verticillium dahliae infection and does not express wilt symptoms. Incorporation of broccoli residues reduces soil populations of V. dahliae. The effects of broccoli residue were tested on the colonization of roots by V. dahliae, plant growth response, and disease incidence of both broccoli and cauliflower in soils with different levels of V. dahliae inoculum and with or without fresh broccoli residue amendments. The three soils included a low-Verticillium soil, a high-Verticillium soil, and a broccoli-rotation soil (soil from a field after two broccoli crops) with an average of 13, 38, and below-detectable levels of microsclerotia per g of soil, respectively. Cauliflower plants in broccoli-amended high-Verticillium soil had significantly (P 相似文献
12.
Effects of Crop Rotation and Irrigation on Verticillium dahliae Microsclerotia in Soil and Wilt in Cauliflower 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of broccoli residue on population dynamics of Verticillium dahliae in soil and on Verticillium wilt development on cauliflower under furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation and three irrigation regimes in 1994 and 1995. Treatments were a factorial combination of three main plots (broccoli crop grown, harvested, and residue incorporated in V.dahliae-infested plots; no broccoli crop or residue in infested plots; and fumigated control plots), two subplots (furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation), and three sub-subplots (deficit, moderate, and excessive irrigation regimes) arranged in a split-split-plot design with three replications. Soil samples collected at various times were assayed for V. dahliae propagules using the modified Anderson sampler technique. Incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt on cauliflower were assessed at 7- to 10-day intervals beginning a month after cauliflower transplanting and continuing until harvest. Number of propagules in all broccoli plots declined significantly (P < 0.05) after residue incorporation and continued to decline throughout the cauliflower season. The overall reduction in the number of propagules after two broccoli crops was approximately 94%, in contrast to the fivefold increase in the number of propagules in infested main plots without broccoli after two cauliflower crops. Disease incidence and severity were both reduced approximately 50% (P < 0.05) in broccoli treatments compared with no broccoli treatments. Differences between furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation were not significant, but incidence and severity were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the deficit irrigation regime compared with the other two regimes. Abundance of microsclerotia of V. dahliae on cauliflower roots about 8 weeks after cauliflower harvest was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treatments with broccoli compared with treatments without broccoli. Rotating broccoli with cauliflower and incorporating broccoli residues into the soils is a novel means of managing Verticillium wilt on cauliflower and perhaps on other susceptible crops. This practice would be successful regardless of the irrigation methods or regimes followed on the susceptible crops. 相似文献
13.
Phenological and phytochemical changes correlate with differential interactions of Verticillium dahliae with broccoli and cauliflower 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Njoroge SM Vallad GE Park SY Kang S Koike ST Bolda M Burman P Polonik W Subbarao KV 《Phytopathology》2011,101(5):523-534
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis subvar. cauliflora) is susceptible to wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae but broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica subvar. cyamosa) is not. Infection of broccoli and cauliflower by a green fluorescent protein-expressing isolate of V. dahliae was examined using epifluorescence and confocal laser-scanning microscopy to follow infection and colonization in relation to plant phenology. Plant glucosinolate, phenolic, and lignin contents were also assayed at 0, 4, 14, and 28 days postinoculation. V. dahliae consistently infected and colonized the vascular tissues of all cauliflower plants regardless of age at inoculation, with the pathogen ultimately appearing in the developing seed; however, colonization decreased with plant age. In broccoli, V. dahliae infected and colonized root and stem xylem tissues of plants inoculated at 1, 2, or 3 weeks postemergence. However, V. dahliae colonized only the root xylem and the epidermal and cortical tissues of broccoli plants inoculated at 4, 5, and 6 weeks postemergence. The frequency of reisolation of V. dahliae from the stems (4 to 22%) and roots (10 to 40%) of mature broccoli plants was lower than for cauliflower stems (25 to 64%) and roots (31 to 71%). The mean level of aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli roots was 6.18 times higher than in the shoots and did not vary with age, whereas it was 3.65 times higher in cauliflower shoots than in the roots and there was a proportional increase with age. Indole glucosinolate content was identical in both cauliflower and broccoli, and both indole and aromatic glucosinolates did not vary with plant age in either crop. Qualitative differences in characterized glucosinolates were observed between broccoli and cauliflower but no differences were observed between inoculated and noninoculated plants for either broccoli or cauliflower. However, the phenolic and lignin contents were significantly higher in broccoli following inoculation than in noninoculated broccoli or inoculated cauliflower plants. The increased resistance of broccoli to V. dahliae infection was related to the increase in phenolic and lignin contents. Significant differential accumulation of glucosinolates associated with plant phenology may also contribute to the resistant and susceptible reactions of broccoli and cauliflower, respectively, against V. dahliae. 相似文献
14.
In a survey of verticillium wilt of cultivated and weed hosts in Crete in 1988–89, Verticillium dahliae was the only species isolated. The pathogen was found in 84 out of 231 vegetable crops, and six out of 14 olive orchards. It was also found in two locations on the weed Solanum nigrum. Hosts belonged to 12 plant species in six different botanical families. Natural infection of Vicia faba by V. dahliae is reported for the first time. The physiological races of 92 isolates of V. dahliae were identified using two differential tomato cultivars. Of these isolates, 89 were race 1, one was race 2, and the remaining two were non-pathogenic. Virulence of the various isolates to tomato varied from slightly to highly pathogenic and was independent of the hosts from which they originated. 相似文献
15.
J. BEJARANO-ALCÁZAR M. A. BLANCO-LÓPEZ J. M. MELERO-VARA & R. M. JIMÉNEZ-DÍAZ 《Plant pathology》1997,46(2):168-178
Experiments were conducted in the Guadalquivir Valley of Andalucía, southern Spain, in 1986 and 1987, using field plots naturally infested with different inoculum densities of the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae to determine the influence of verticillium wilt epidemics on yield of cotton cultivar Coker 310. The total number of bolls, the number of open bolls, and seed cotton yield were related to the growth stage of plants at first appearance of foliar symptoms, and to inoculum density and virulence of the V. dahliae pathotype prevailing in the soil. For the three yield components, the greatest reduction was observed in plants showing symptoms before opening of first flowers (about 650 degree-days after sowing). Yield increased with delay in the development of foliar symptoms during the crop season, and the effect of the wilt epidemics on yield was small or nil for plants that developed symptoms after opening of the first bolls (1400–1500 degree-days after sowing). A multiple regression equation was derived that related yield reduction to the physiological time accumulated from the time of sowing until the appearance of foliar symptoms and to the rate of disease intensity increase over physiological time. This multiple point model explained about 70% of the variation in cotton yield loss due to verticillium wilt. 相似文献
16.
大丽轮枝菌是引起棉花、马铃薯等重要作物黄萎病的土传病原真菌,其分泌的胞外蛋白是侵染寄主的重要毒力因子,因此研究胞外蛋白与寄主的相互作用具有重要意义。本研究旨在构建高效的棉花酵母双杂交cDNA文库,并通过已知大丽轮枝菌效应子VCR1互作蛋白的筛选来评价构建文库的质量。分别采用大丽轮枝菌及茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸和乙烯处理海岛棉‘海7124’以诱导其抗病基因表达,混合RNA样品构建酵母双杂交cDNA文库,文库滴度达1.18×108 cfu/mL,检测重组率100%,插入片段在300~2000 bp之间。以效应子VCR1为诱饵筛选获得27个潜在互作蛋白,并进一步确证了1个与VCR1互作的靶标蛋白。本研究构建的酵母双杂交文库将为筛选与大丽轮枝菌效应子互作的蛋白及后续互作机理研究提供重要的研究基础。 相似文献
17.
Sanogo S 《Phytopathology》2007,97(1):37-43
ABSTRACT Phytophthora capsici and Verticillium dahliae are two mycelial microorganisms associated with wilt symptoms on chile pepper (Capsicum annuum). Both pathogens occur in the same field and can infect a single plant. This study examined the nature of the co-occurrence of P. capsici and V. dahliae. Chile pepper plants were inoculated with each pathogen separately or with both pathogens concomitantly or sequentially. In concomitant inoculations, plants were inoculated with a mixture of zoospores of P. capsici and conidia of V. dahliae. In sequential inoculations, plants were inoculated with zoospores of P. capsici 4 days prior to inoculation with conidia of V. dahliae, or plants were inoculated with conidia of V. dahliae 4 days prior to inoculation with zoospores of P. capsici. Stem necrosis and leaf wilting were visible 3 to 4 days earlier in plants inoculated with both P. capsici and V. dahliae than in plants inoculated with P. capsici alone. Stem necrosis and generalized plant wilting were observed in plants inoculated with P. capsici alone, and stem necrosis, generalized plant wilting, and vascular discoloration were observed in plants inoculated with both P. capsici and V. dahliae by 21 days after inoculation. These symptoms were not observed in control plants or plants inoculated with V. dahliae alone. The frequency of recovery of V. dahliae from stems was approximately 85 to 140% higher across inoculum levels when plants were inoculated with both P. capsici and V. dahliae than when plants were inoculated by V. dahliae alone. Similarly, the frequency of recovery of V. dahliae from roots was approximately 13 to 40% higher across inoculum levels when plants were inoculated with both P. capsici and V. dahliae than when plants were inoculated by V. dahliae alone. There was no apparent antagonism between the two pathogens when they were paired on growth media. In general, when P. capsici and V. dahliae were paired on growth media, mycelial growth of each pathogen grown alone was not significantly different from mycelial growth when the pathogens were paired. Results suggest that wilt development is hastened by the presence of both P. capsici and V. dahliae in the same plants. The presence of P. capsici and V. dahliae in the same inoculum court enhanced infection and colonization of chile pepper by V. dahliae. 相似文献