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1.
采用粳不/籼恢三系法途径,以优良晚粳型核质互作雄性不育系选育和对粳型不育系强恢的中籼型恢复系选育为突破口,育成综合性状优、易被籼稻恢复系恢复的晚粳型不育系甬粳2号A和多个强恢中籼恢复系,并以甬粳2号A为母本、中籼恢复系为父本育成了4个籼粳杂交晚稻组合通过国家和多省审定或认定,在浙江、福建、广西、江西等省大面积推广应用。甬粳2号A及其籼粳杂交晚稻组合的选育及大面积推广应用,表明三系法粳不/籼恢是籼粳杂种优势利用的重要途径。  相似文献   

2.
秋优1025   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
栗学俊 《作物研究》2004,18(4):258-259
品种来源:秋优1025是广西农科院水稻所用自育成的优质新恢复系桂1025与自育成的不育系秋A配组育成.恢复系1025早籼粳单交、复交的后代.其亲本包括:两个高产粳稻品种辽粳5号、皖恢九号,两个广亲和品种Cpslo18,Belement,两个籼型强恢复系桂99,直龙.……  相似文献   

3.
D0 91是四川省原子核应用技术研究所用广亲和中粳株系 0 2 42 8作母本 ,含育性恢复基因的籼型中间材料作父本杂交而成的籼粳交恢复系。该恢复系株型好 ,穗大 ,杂种优势强 ,米质优 ,花粉量足 ,与不育系N2 A配组育成的糯优 2号于 1999年通过四川省品种审定  相似文献   

4.
滇型籼粳杂交水稻育种实践与策略   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
水稻籼、粳亚种杂交,杂种优势强。为了选育出竞争优势很强的籼粳杂交稻,首先应用籼、粳亚种的品种或材料进行杂交,以选育出籼粳交的保持系、恢复系或材料;其次用籼粳交的保持系或材料转育成不育系或材料;第三用籼、粳稻不育系或材料与籼粳交的恢复系或材料测交;第四用籼粳交的不育系或材料与籼、粳稻品种或材料测交;第五用籼粳交的不育系或材料与籼粳交的恢复系或材料进行广泛测交,再从中选出竞争优势强的籼粳杂交组合;第六,经过试种、鉴定,选出竞争优势极强的籼粳杂交稻。  相似文献   

5.
 通过籼粳杂交、广亲和特性鉴定以及育性恢复能力测定等手段,选育出CH58、CH59、C18和C84四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系。生物学特性研究结果表明,CH58、CH59、C18和C84的程氏指数分别为11、13、13和15,其中CH58、CH59和C18的籼粳属性为偏籼,C84为偏粳。广亲和特性鉴定和育性恢复能力测定结果表明,四个恢复系具有良好的广亲和性,且都能恢复滇型、BT型、矮败型等粳稻不育系以及野败型、印水型等籼稻不育系的育性,恢复谱广。花时特性研究表明,籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的开花高峰要明显早于粳稻不育系春江16A。粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻在单株产量、每穗粒数、二次枝梗数、株高、一次枝梗数和剑叶宽等性状上表现出明显的中亲优势和竞争优势。利用CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系与粳稻不育系配组,已选育出春优58、春优658、春优59、春优618等粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻,已通过国家、浙江省等品种审定。CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系广亲和性好,恢复谱广,在三系法籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
不同类型恢复系对不同胞质六千辛A的育性恢复性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用4种细胞质的六千辛A及保持系六千辛B分别与六千辛R、16个粳型恢复系、14个籼型恢复系及1个广亲和恢复系轮回422配制141个F1组合,研究不同籼、粳稻恢复系对同核异质粳稻雄性不育系的育性恢复性.结果表明:在相同的六千辛B细胞核背景下六千辛R能正常恢复BT型六千辛A,但不能正常恢复红莲型、印水型和野败型六千辛A;16个粳型恢复系中,10个能正常恢复BT型六千辛A,1个能正常恢复红莲型六千辛A,没有一个能正常恢复印水型和野败型六千辛A;14个籼型恢复系都不能正常恢复BT型、红莲型、印水型和野败型六千辛A;轮回422能正常恢复BT型和印水型六千辛A.说明同一恢复基因对不同胞质不育系的育性恢复性不同,不育系的育性可恢性还受细胞核背景的影响;克服籼粳亚种间杂交F1植株的不育性,需要聚合广亲和基因和特定恢复基因.  相似文献   

7.
甬粳43A是早熟晚粳不育系,育性稳定,综合性状优良,与籼稻恢复系配组可恢性好,F1代杂种优势强,于2014年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。以"粳不籼恢"模式配组育成的籼粳杂交水稻新组合甬优4350已于2015年通过浙江省品种审定。  相似文献   

8.
籼粳亚种间杂种具有强大的穗形优势,但同时存在的生育期和株高超亲优势阻碍了其在生产上应用。而籼粳“架桥”已作为一种间接利用亚种间优势的方法。本所在利用籼掺粳选育早杂恢复系的过程中,发现粳占遗传背景的多少,与穗粒、株高、生育期的优势有一定的规律。本试验就此作了初步探索。1 材料与方法1988年晚季用籼型不育系V20A作母本,与对其有半恢能力的中粳77302及籼粳交衍生恢复系早24/77302,圭630//早24/77302配制3个组合(F1)。1989年4月7日播种。以母本不育系的同型保持系V20B及父本恢复系77302,早24/77302,圭630//早24/77302作亲本…  相似文献   

9.
用CDR22与籼粳交中间材料81136(苏粳4号/罗玛∥IH66l的F8代)杂交,再与强恢复系明恢78进行复合杂交,育成了恢复系宜恢3551。宜恢3551株叶形态好,恢复力强,配合力高,开花习性好,制种产量高。同冈46A组配的杂交稻组合冈优3551于2001年通过四川省品种审定。  相似文献   

10.
目前籼粳亚种间杂交稻绝大多数为粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻。自第1个粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻甬优6号在浙江省通过品种审定以来,利用粳型不育系与籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系配组,已选育出了一批有影响力的籼粳杂交稻,表现出超高产的产量潜力,在生产上广受欢迎。本文对我国籼粳亚种间杂交稻的发展历史、粳不籼恢亚种间杂种优势利用研究的现状进行回顾与展望,以期为我国今后籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究和籼粳亚种间杂交稻培育提供有益的借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

11.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.  相似文献   

14.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.  相似文献   

17.
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

19.
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.  相似文献   

20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

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