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Andrew Whalen Gregor Gorjanc John M. Hickey 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(2):102-112
In this paper, we evaluate using genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data to perform parentage assignment in lieu of traditional array data. The use of GBS data raises two issues: First, for low‐coverage (e.g., <2×) GBS data, it may not be possible to call the genotype at many loci, a critical first step for detecting opposing homozygous markers. Second, the amount of sequencing coverage may vary across individuals, making it challenging to directly compare the likelihood scores between putative parents. To address these issues, we extend the probabilistic framework of Huisman (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2017, 17, 1009) and evaluate putative parents by comparing their (potentially noisy) genotypes to a series of proposal distributions. These distributions describe the expected genotype probabilities for the relatives of an individual. We assign putative parents as a parent if they are classified as a parent (as opposed to e.g., an unrelated individual), and if the assignment score passes a threshold. We evaluated this method on simulated data and found that (a) high‐coverage (>2×) GBS data performs similarly to array data and requires only a small number of markers to correctly assign parents and (b) low‐coverage GBS data (as low as 0.1×) can also be used, provided that it is obtained across a large number of markers. When analysing the low‐coverage GBS data, we also found a high number of false positives if the true parent is not contained within the list of candidate parents, but that this false positive rate can be greatly reduced by hand tuning the assignment threshold. We provide this parentage assignment method as a standalone program called AlphaAssign. 相似文献
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Fasting Urinary Calcium‐to‐Creatinine and Oxalate‐to‐Creatinine Ratios in Dogs with Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Breed‐Matched Controls 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. Furrow E.E. Patterson P.J. Armstrong C.A. Osborne J.P. Lulich 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):113-119
Background
Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria are risk factors for calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis, but breed‐specific reports of urinary metabolites and their relationship with stone status are lacking.Objective
To compare urinary metabolites (calcium and oxalate) and blood ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations between CaOx stone formers and breed‐matched stone‐free controls for the Miniature Schnauzer, Bichon Frise, and Shih Tzu breeds.Animals
Forty‐seven Miniature Schnauzers (23 cases and 24 controls), 27 Bichons Frise (14 cases and 13 controls), and 15 Shih Tzus (7 cases and 8 controls).Methods
Prospective study. Fasting spot urinary calcium‐to‐creatinine and oxalate‐to‐creatinine ratios (UCa/Cr and UOx/Cr, respectively) and blood iCa concentrations were measured and compared between cases and controls within and across breeds. Regression models were used to test the effect of patient and environmental factors on these variables.Results
UCa/Cr was higher in cases than controls for each of the 3 breeds. In addition to stone status, being on a therapeutic food designed to prevent CaOx stone recurrence was associated with higher UCa/Cr. UOx/Cr did not differ between cases and controls for any of the breeds. Blood iCa was higher in cases than controls in the Miniature Schnauzer and Bichon Frise breeds and had a moderate correlation with UCa/Cr.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Hypercalciuria is associated with CaOx stone status in the Miniature Schnauzer, Bichon Frise, and Shih Tzu breeds. UOx/Cr did not correlate with stone status in these 3 breeds. These findings may influence breed‐specific stone prevention recommendations. 相似文献7.
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Infection with Babesia bovis was diagnosed in a 2‐day‐old female calf apparently transmitted in utero. The calf was born as the second calving to a cross‐bred beef cow permanently on pasture. Diagnosis was based upon identification of B. bovis in peripheral blood smears and clinical signs which included fever, jaundice, pale mucous membranes and convulsions. Anaemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and lymphocytosis were noted at the febrile acute stage of the disease. The blood smears revealed evidence of regeneration of toxic neutrophils with a left shift, severe spherocytosis and high degree of basophilic stippling. Elevated concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were also noted, and were probably the result of haemolysis, dehydration and muscle damage because of recumbancy. Elevated total bilirubin concentration following haemolysis resulted in jaundice. The neurological symptoms observed were probably caused by sludging of parasitized erythrocytes in the brain capillaries. The calf recovered following treatment with diminazene aceturate and the recovery was followed up clinically, haematologically and biochemically. 相似文献
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Aldosterone breakthrough with benazepril in furosemide‐activated renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in normal dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. C. Lantis M. K. Ames C. E. Atkins T. C. DeFrancesco B. W. Keene S. R. Werre 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(1):65-73
Pilot studies in our laboratory revealed that furosemide‐induced renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation was not attenuated by the subsequent co‐administration of benazepril. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of benazepril on angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity and furosemide‐induced circulating RAAS activation. Our hypothesis was that benazepril suppression of ACE activity would not suppress furosemide‐induced circulating RAAS activation, indicated by urinary aldosterone concentration. Ten healthy hound dogs were used in this study. The effect of furosemide (2 mg/kg p.o., q12h; Group F; n = 5) and furosemide plus benazepril (1 mg/kg p.o., q24h; Group FB; n = 5) on circulating RAAS was determined by plasma ACE activity, 4–6 h posttreatment, and urinary aldosterone to creatinine ratio (UAldo:C) on days ?1, ?2, 1, 3, and 7. There was a significant increase in the average UAldo:C (μg/g) after the administration of furosemide (Group F baseline [average of days ?1 and ?2] UAldo:C = 0.41, SD 0.15; day 1 UAldo:C = 1.1, SD 0.56; day 3 UAldo:C = 0.85, SD 0.50; day 7 UAldo:C = 1.1, SD 0.80, P < 0.05). Benazepril suppressed ACE activity (U/L) in Group FB (Group FB baseline ACE = 16.4, SD 4.2; day 1 ACE = 3.5, SD 1.4; day 3 ACE = 1.6, SD 1.3; day 7 ACE = 1.4, SD 1.4, P < 0.05) but did not significantly reduce aldosterone excretion (Group FB baseline UAldo:C = 0.35, SD 0.16; day 1 UAldo:C = 0.79, SD 0.39; day 3 UAldo:C 0.92, SD 0.48, day 7 UAldo:C = 0.99, SD 0.48, P < 0.05). Benazepril decreased plasma ACE activity but did not prevent furosemide‐induced RAAS activation, indicating aldosterone breakthrough (escape). This is particularly noteworthy in that breakthrough is observed at the time of initiation of RAAS suppression, as opposed to developing after months of therapy. 相似文献
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Reports have documented colonization of swine in Europe, North America and more recently in China with livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA‐MRSA). Contamination of pig farmers, veterinarians and abattoir workers with these strains has been observed. However, although contamination levels of 10% of retail pork were reported from the Netherlands and Canada, there are limited data of contamination rates of workers handling raw meat. We investigated the rates of MRSA contamination of local butchers working in wet markets, where recently slaughtered pigs are cut up. Nasal swabs collected from 300 pork butchers at markets throughout Hong Kong were enriched in brain heart infusion broth with 5% salt and cultured on MRSASelect®. Isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus and susceptibility testing performed. The presence of mecA was confirmed, SCCmec and spa type determined and relatedness investigated by PFGE. Subjects completed a questionnaire on MRSA carriage risk factors. Seventeen samples (5.6%) yielded MRSA, 15 harbouring SCCmec IVb. Ten strains were t899 (CC9), previously reported from local pig carcasses. Five strains were healthcare associated: SCCmec type II, t701(CC6), colonizing two subjects at the same establishment, and single isolates of t008 (CC8), t002 (CC5) and t123 (CC45). The remaining isolates were t359 (CC97), previously reported from buffaloes, and t375 (CC5), reported from bovine milk. None of these butchers reported recent hospitalization or a healthcare worker in the family. Two had recently received antibiotics, one for a skin infection. Four reported wound infections within the last year. All were exposed to meat for >9 h per day. Carriage of MRSA was higher in butchers than in the general community. Although five strains were probably of healthcare origin, the high incidence of t899 (CC9) suggests that cross‐contamination from pork occurs frequently. Washing of hands after touching raw pork is advised. 相似文献
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Thierry Olivry Petra Bizikova Stanley M. Dunston Ross Bond Richard Halliwell Anette Loeffler Cherie M. Pucheu‐Haston Mei Chen M. Peter Marinkovich 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(4):345-357
Laminin‐332 (laminin‐5) is a basement membrane heterotrimeric protein composed of alpha‐3, beta‐3 and gamma‐2 laminin chains. Laminin‐332 polypeptides are targeted by auto‐antibodies in human patients with mucous membrane (cicatricial) pemphigoid or, more rarely, subepidermal vesicular diseases that resemble epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) or bullous pemphigoid (BP). The objectives of this report were to characterize the clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics of nine dogs with auto‐antibodies targeting laminin‐332. Immunological investigations consisted of direct immunofluorescence (IF), indirect IF with intact and salt‐split canine gingival, and salt‐split normal or laminin‐332‐deficient human skin, immunoblotting with purified human laminin‐332 and immunoblotting with recombinant NC1 domain of human collagen VII. All dogs exhibited varying degrees of skin blistering and ulceration associated with microscopic subepidermal vesiculation with or without inflammatory cells. Indirect IF established that circulating IgG auto‐antibodies bound the dermal side of salt‐split canine lip and human skin. In five dogs, IgG variably recognized the basement membrane of laminin‐332‐deficient human skin (three dogs negative, two dogs positive). In all nine dogs, IgG auto‐antibodies detected purified human laminin‐332 by immunoblotting. In two dogs, additional targeting of collagen VII‐NC1 was present. These observations establish laminin‐332 as a novel basement membrane antigen in dogs with autoimmune blistering diseases with variable clinical phenotypes. The names ‘acquired junctional epidermolysis bullosa’, ‘anti‐laminin‐332 mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)’ and ‘mixed auto‐immune subepidermal blistering dermatosis’ are proposed for dogs with clinical signs reminiscent of EBA, MMP or BP respectively. 相似文献
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Recently, successful treatment of mares with a history of persistent mating‐induced endometritis (PMIE) with dexamethasone has been reported. As systemic treatment of horses with glucocorticoids should be handled with caution, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with the non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) vedaprofen, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2, may have comparative, positive effects on fertility. Barren mares with a history of repeated PMIE were treated with vedaprofen (n = 8; initially 2 mg/kg bodyweight followed by 1 mg/kg orally twice daily) from 1 day before the first insemination to 1 day after ovulation or left untreated (n = 9). All mares received oxytocin (20 I.E. s.c.) thrice daily. Uterine swabs were collected for bacteriology and cytology. The day after ovulation, fluid accumulation was detected in three control mares and four treated mares (n.s.). The percentage of neutrophils in uterine cytology was significantly increased in comparison to the day before ovulation irrespective of treatment. Pregnancy was confirmed in two of nine mares in the control group and seven of eight mares in the treatment group (p < 0.05). NSAIDs may positively affect fertility in mares with a history of PMIE. 相似文献
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Atsushi Kodama Hiroki Sakai Keiya Kobayashi Takashi Mori Kohji Maruo Tadaaki Kudo Tokuma Yanai Toshiaki Masegi 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(4):409-415
Abstract: A 1‐year‐old intact female miniature Dachshund was presented with hematochezia, vomiting, and diarrhea of more than 1‐week duration. An abdominal mass was palpated, which at exploratory surgery was found to be a 7‐cm‐long thickened section of ileum. The thickened ileum was resected. Impression smears revealed numerous small‐ to medium‐sized lymphocytes, with a smaller number of cells resembling Mott cells. The Mott‐like cells contained multiple pale vacuoles that were positive for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) in wet‐fixed smears, consistent with Russell bodies. Histologic evaluation of the surgically excised ileum revealed 2 populations of neoplastic lymphoid cells. The majority were uniform medium‐sized lymphocytes with hyperchromatic oval or round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The remaining cells resembled Mott cells, which contained several PAS‐positive eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm, occasionally compressing the nucleus. The majority of neoplastic cells stained positively for vimentin, CD20, CD79a, and Pax‐5, but were negative for CD3 and lysozyme; 43.5% of cells stained positively for Ki‐67. The Mott cells were strongly positive for immunoglobulin but were negative for Pax‐5. Using electron microscopy, a homogenous substance of intermediate electron density was observed frequently in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of the Mott cells, and rarely in the perinuclear cisternae of the lymphoid cells, corresponding to the site of immunoglobulin staining. Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (IgH) gene was observed by PCR testing for lymphocyte–antigen receptor rearrangement. The morphologic features, immunophenotype, and IgH gene rearrangement verified the lymphoid cells were neoplastic (mature cell type) and had a B‐cell phenotype, with evidence of immunoglobulin production and differentiation into Mott cells. This case was unusual because of the age of the dog and because most intestinal lymphomas are T‐cell phenotype. The Mott cell morphology also differed from typical mature B‐cell lymphoma types and may be a unique B‐cell lymphoma variant. 相似文献
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Bridget C. Garner Heather Priest Jo Smith 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(2):266-269
A 10‐year‐old spayed female Miniature Poodle was presented to the University of Georgia veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of lethargy, vomiting and anorexia of 4 days' duration. Physical examination, history and a minimum database led to a diagnosis of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia accompanied by marked hyperbilirubinemia. Refractometric protein determination was within the reference interval, whereas the biuret method indicated hypoproteinemia. This discrepancy was attributed to interference of bilirubin and biliverdin with the spectrophotometric read‐out of the biuret total protein assay. The albumin concentration, determined by bromcresol green, and refractometric total protein were less affected by this interference. 相似文献
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Casper Lindegaard Anna B Frost Maj H Thomsen Claus Larsen Steen Honoré Hansen Pia Haubro Andersen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(2):186-195
ObjectiveTo describe the pharmacokinetics of intra-articularly (IA) administered morphine.Study designExperimental randomized, cross-over study.AnimalsEight adult healthy mixed breed horses aged 6.5 ± 2.3 (mean ± SD) years and weighing 535 ± 86 kg.MethodsUnilateral radiocarpal synovitis was induced by IA injection of 3 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on two occasions (right and left radiocarpal joint, respectively) separated by a 3-week wash-out period. Treatments were administered 4 hours post-LPS-injection: Treatment IA; preservative free morphine IA (0.05 mg kg?1) plus saline intravenous (IV) and treatment IV; saline IA plus preservative free morphine IV (0.05 mg kg?1). Concentrations of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) were determined repeatedly in serum and synovial fluid (SF) by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, at 2 and 4 hours and then at 4 hours intervals until 28 hours post-treatment.ResultsInjection of LPS elicited a marked and comparable synovitis in all LPS-injected radiocarpal joints. IA administered morphine was detectable in SF of all eight joints 24 hours post-treatment and in 6/8 joints 28 hours post-treatment. The terminal half-life of morphine in SF was estimated to be 2.6 hours. IA administration of morphine resulted in mean serum concentrations of morphine below 5 ng mL?1 from 2 to 28 hours after treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntra-articularly administered morphine remained within the joint for at least 24 hours. At the same time only very low serum concentrations of morphine and M6G were detected. The present results suggest that IA morphine at 0.05 mg kg?1 may be used for IA analgesia lasting at least 24 hours and give strong support to the theory that previously observed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of IA morphine in horses are most likely to be mediated peripherally. 相似文献
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Development and evaluation of a health‐related quality‐of‐life tool for dogs with Cushing's syndrome
Imogen Schofield Dan G. O'Neill Dave C. Brodbelt David B. Church Rebecca F. Geddes Stijn J. M. Niessen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(6):2595-2604