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广西区植保总站农作物病虫测报站 《广西植保》2007,20(3):34-37
广西2006年农作物重大病虫总体发生程度为中等偏重局部大发生,主要农作物病虫草鼠害发生面积为1 688.8万ha次,防治面积为1 604.0万ha次,占发生面积94.9%,经防治后挽回损失909.1万t,实际损失135.7万t. 相似文献
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反季节大白菜是指在每年3~10月种植供应的大白菜,2000年以来,天峨县实施种植业结构调整,反季节大白菜种植面积逐年增加,2005年种植面积达571·33ha,病害发生面积102·84ha,占种植面积的18%,造成损失达23·2万kg,虫害发生面积179·4ha,占种植面积31·4%,损失达67·3万kg,严重影响反季节大白菜生产的发展和效益的提高。反季节大白菜由于种植季节气温偏高,雨水频繁,病虫害常大面积发生,危害程度偏重。根据笔者几年来的调查及防治技术摸索,现将主要病虫害的发生特点及综合防治技术介绍如下。1主要病虫发生特点1·1猝倒病Pythium aphanider-matu… 相似文献
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稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）是桂林市水稻上的主要害虫,最近几年发生严重,特别是2006年,第2、3代都发生严重。上半年全市发生面积达14．55万公顷次,占早稻面积的109．7％,比2005年增加35．2％。发生程度5（6）级。下半年发生面积6．8ha次,占晚稻面积的57．9％,比2005年增加47．5％,发生程度3（4）级。2006年是近几年桂林市稻纵卷叶螟发生最严重的一年。 相似文献
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沙洋县以中稻种植为主,种植面积5．13万hm^2,2007年稻飞虱发生程度超过2006年,迁入时间早、发生重极为罕见,全县累计发生面积4．03万hm^2,防治面积11．67万hm^2次,通过防治挽回稻谷损失2．44万t。为全面掌握稻飞虱发生规律,探讨稻飞虱综合治理措施,特进行如下总结： 相似文献
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贵港市覃塘区莲藕种植历史悠久,其品质以藕色白、味香甜闻名于广西区内外。近年来,种植面积不断扩大,年种植面积333．3～400ha,年产量10000～12000t,是当地主要外销特色农产品之一。但随着近年莲藕的不断扩种,腐败病在当地的发生也呈明显上升趋势,对当地莲藕的生产造成较大的影响。据调查,2006年此病发生面积26．7～33．3ha,占种植面积的8％～10％,发病田损失莲藕约00～600kg／667m^2。每年因腐败病损失莲藕约200t,价值约为32万元左右。根据笔者多年的调查和防治技术的探索,现将莲藕腐败病的发生特点及综合防治技术简要介绍如下。 相似文献
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广西2005年农作物重大病虫发生实况 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
广西2005年农作物重大病虫总体为中等偏重程度发生,主要农作物病虫草鼠害发生面积为1552·8万hm2,防治面积为1 462·6万hm2,占发生面积的94·2%,经防治后挽回损失757·0万t,实际损失118·5万t。水稻病虫为偏重局部大发生,与上年持平,发生面积577·4万hm2,防治面积618·9万hm2,占发生面积的107·2%,经防治后挽回稻谷损失193·5万t,实际损失26·5万t。主要病虫是:稻瘟病、稻纹枯病、稻细菌性条斑病、稻飞虱、三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻瘿蚊等。玉米病虫为中等局部偏重,发生面积67·1万hm2,防治面积55·4万hm2,经防治后挽回损失13·2万t,实际损失2… 相似文献
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新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。 相似文献
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综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。 相似文献
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Cees Waalwijk Pieter Kastelein Ineke de Vries Zoltan Kerényi Theo van der Lee Thamara Hesselink Jürgen Köhl Gert Kema 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):743-754
The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001. 相似文献
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弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues. 相似文献