共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
水电建设项目水土保持监理存在问题及对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《中国水土保持》2015,(6)
水电建设项目水土保持监理是水土保持"三同时"制度落实的基本保障,但现阶段水土保持监理工作仍存在诸多问题,具体有监理内容不清晰、依据不充分,水土保持工程未独立招标、监理效果较差;水土保持监理对承包商的监督管理权限低,水土保持措施"四控制"难度大等。根据多年从事水土保持监理工作的实践经验,结合水土保持工程施工监理规范,针对水电建设项目水土保持监理工作存在的问题提出了对策,可为更加有效地开展水电建设项目水土保持监理工作提供一定的参考。 相似文献
2.
3.
水土保持监理工作是保证水土保持工程质量的重要内容,它有利于保障"三同时"制度的落实,提高和完善水土保持专项设计,保证水土保持设施的建设质量。本文浅析了干旱区铁路工程的水土保持监理工作,旨在为同类地区或工程提供参考和依据。 相似文献
4.
规范档案管理是新时期我国水土保持信息化、法制化和现代化建设的需要。分析了当前水土保持档案管理中存在的问题,对规范水土保持档案管理的必要性做了阐述,从建立水土保持档案资料库、统一档案编码和密级标准、建立水土保持档案管理体系、提高档案法律意识、建立并完善水土保持档案管理制度、培养并造就一支高素质的水土保持档案管理队伍、挖掘档案资料潜力、为水土保持及社会公众提供优质服务等方面,提出了规范水土保持档案管理的对策。 相似文献
5.
近年来天水市水土保持生态建设工程建设监理方面存在诸多问题和不足,如监理机构管理混乱、监理规划操作性不强、监理过程资料缺乏、项目竣工监理总结报告不符合相关规范要求等问题。针对存在问题提出了相应对策:加强水土保持宣传教育、加强监理单位业务能力建设、制定监理操作性强的"三控制"措施、加强行政管理监理单位力度,促进水土保持工程监理工作健康、稳定的发展,为推进水土保持生态建设工程建设监理提供一定的借鉴价值。 相似文献
6.
水土保持监理不仅有利于加强生产建设项目水土保持设施建设现场管理,保证工程质量,提高投资效益,而且在督促项目参建单位提高水土保持意识,贯彻水土保持法,落实"三同时"制度,实施水土保持方案等方面有着重要作用。水土保持监理单位只有根据不同生产建设项目的特点,认真做好监理规划和工作界面划分,安排好现场工作,并处理好与主体工程监理单位的关系,才能保证监理工作的顺利开展,充分发挥水土保持监理在生产建设项目水土流失防治中的作用。 相似文献
7.
水土保持工程档案管理工作贯穿于工程施工建设管理的各个环节,是评定水土保持工程质量的重要依据。在分析辽宁省水土保持工程档案管理中存在的主要问题的基础上,针对性的提出了"领导重视是关键、规章制度是保证、人员素质是基础,专人负责是保障"等建议,对规范水土保持档案管理具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
聂兴山 《山西水土保持科技》2013,(1):44-46
水土保持生态工程建设监理,在我国是一项全新的建设管理制度,起步较晚,经验不足,技术规范和规章制度不够系统完善,部分规定在具体工作中缺乏可操作性.笔者根据多年的监理实践,总结出了目前困扰监理健康发展存在的一些主要问题,提出了建立制度体系,规范建设方、监理方、施工方三者行为;健全质量管理体系,完善初检、复检、终检三检制度;加强监理队伍建设,净化监理市场等对策措施. 相似文献
10.
黄河流域水土保持工程建设监理存在问题及对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
黄河流域水土保持生态工程项目试行建设监理遇到的主要困难和问题是 ,有关各方对水土保持生态工程实行建设监理的重要性在认识上存在差距 ,抵触情绪较大 ;许多行为不规范 ,削弱了监理工程师履行职责的能力 ;监理取费偏低 ,监理单位工作经费不足影响监理工作的开展。对策是加强监理知识的宣传和普及 ,制定水土保持生态工程建设监理规范 ,足额支付监理经费 相似文献
11.
采集草海流域周边成熟期整株农作物及土壤样品,分析测试其中DDTs和HCHs的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中DDTs和HCHs污染水平及其在作物中富集能力。结果表明：研究区域土壤中HCHs和DDTs残留检出率均为100％,残留范围分别为0．06～16．66μg·kg^-1和0．08-39．77μg·kg^-1,土壤中HCHs和DDTs的残留量均小于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;三种农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）残留量差异显著,HCHs含量最高的是玉米,DDTs和（DDTs,HCHs）最高的是马铃薯;三种农作物中HCHs和DDTs残留的风险系数均为1．1,属于低度风险,农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）的安全指数IFSc均小于1,DDTs和HCHs残留量对三种农作物安全影响的风险是可以接受的。 相似文献
12.
自 1991年长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡、泥石流预警系统运作以来 ,陇南陕南片成功预报和处理滑坡、泥石流险情 10 3处 ,保护人口 11 6 8万 ,避免经济和财产损失 11879 6 5万元 ,取得了良好的社会效益。主要做法及经验是 :依靠各级政府 ,健全预警网络 ;广泛深入宣传 ,增强防灾意识 ;健全管理制度 ,落实岗位职责 ;强化技术培训 ,提高业务技能 ;加强检查指导 ,现场解决问题 ;及时调查险情 ,做好技术服务 ;预防治理结合 ,注重减灾实效。 相似文献
13.
Mariola Staniak Jolanta Bojarszczuk Jerzy Księżak 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(3):255-263
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago?×?varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO2 and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study. 相似文献
14.
Helena Azevedo Clara Gomes Glória Pinto Conceição Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2233-2241
Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time. 相似文献
15.
16.
当前,肯尼亚和中国在生产足够粮食以保障粮食安全方面都面临着严峻的挑战。尤其是对于肯尼亚而言,因为其2100年预测的人口将达到2018年的1.4倍,且其粮食生产在过去并没有大幅度的改善。而中国近些年粮食生产能力显著提高。本文系统分析了肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入、种植业和畜牧业单产水平的历史变化,以及农业资源投入与产量之间的关系,为肯尼亚粮食危机和消灭贫困提供更多的理论支撑。研究结果表明,在20世纪60年代,肯尼亚耕地、草地和降水等自然资源人均占有量比中国高2~3倍,且人均食物能量和蛋白质供应显著高于中国。当前,肯尼亚人均资源拥有量仍高出中国约30%,但是其人均食品供应和粮食自给率却远低于中国平均水平。这是由于与肯尼亚相比,中国在种植业和畜牧业长期持续的投入,大幅度地增加了种植业和畜牧业能量或蛋白质单产水平。1961-2017年,中国和肯尼亚作物蛋白的平均单产分别增加282%和44%。中国的数据表明,种植业和畜牧业单产水平与肥料、精饲料、机械和农药的投入具有显著正相关性;农牧业生产结构对单产水平的变化影响也很大,如种植业中蔬菜和水果播种面积占比,畜牧业中单胃动物饲养占比等。总的来说,农业资源投入和农业结构对生产力的提高都有很大的影响,这可能是肯尼亚提高农业生产力的潜在选择。 相似文献
17.
Earthworm casts and adjacent uningested soil from 30 different locations were compared to determine the abundance and diversity of fungal species. The casts contained larger fungal populations (g-1 dry soil weight) and numbers of fungal species than the soil. Variations in these parameters between casts and soil were statistically significant (P=0.05). Fungal populations and the number of fungal species in casts and soil also varied significantly (P=0.05) between samples from different locations. A total of 27 fungal species were recorded from the casts and soil. Indices of dominance (0.084 casts; 0.14 soil) and general diversity (2.53 casts; 2.02 soil) demonstrated that the casts displayed more diverse fungal flora than the soil. The diversity of fungal species increased in earthworm casts after passing through the earthworm gut. 相似文献
18.
云南省各级党政领导重视和支持水土保持 ,积极出台有关法规、政策 ,为搞好水土保持工作提供了保障。治理中坚持高起点要求 ,有力地推动了水保产业化建设。适应市场经济要求 ,大力发展水土保持专业户、重点户 ,调动社会各方面力量参与水土流失治理开发。介绍了具体的做法、成效及今后做好水保工作的思路。 相似文献
19.
Agerbirk N Petersen BL Olsen CE Halkier BA Nielsen JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1502-1507
A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P. 相似文献
20.
Gorinstein S Leontowicz H Leontowicz M Najman K Bielecki W Ham KS Kang SG Paredes-Lopez O Martinez-Ayala AL Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7441-7451
The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats. 相似文献