共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
1.
圆盘渗透仪是一种目前常用的田间测定土壤导水参数的仪器，利用测量得到的入渗数据，国内外学者推导出了一系列推导土壤导水参数的计算方法。这些方法经过逐步改进，日趋成熟。本研究主要是针对Zhang模型中不能准确估计宏观毛管上升高度的缺点，用Philip的导水率曲线代替Ankeny 等方法的近似公式来改进Zhang模型，用大量的模拟和实验的数据对比分析现有方法和新方法，新方法提供了更精确的估计值。 相似文献
2.
张力渗透仪是一种根据多维入渗原理进行土壤水分和溶质运移参数原位测量的仪器。介绍了张力渗透仪的测量原理和方法，并用盘源入渗试验得到人工填装土壤的饱和导水率、与土壤渗透仪测定的结果进行了比较，表明利用多维入渗理论所测数据与渗透仅测定结果接近，可用于土壤水分特性参数的测量。 相似文献
3.
土壤环式入渗仪测量效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤入渗率的测量受到广泛关注与研究。环式入渗仪是目前广泛应用的土壤入渗性能测量仪器之一。模拟降雨法和双环法是目前测量土壤入渗的常用方法,圆盘入渗仪多用于测量土壤的饱和导水率。大量测量结果表明,环式入渗仪测量得到的最可靠结果是土壤稳定入渗率,但结果远高于人工降雨测量结果,说明环式入渗测量方法并不准确。环式入渗仪入土过程中,环与土壤间的缝隙为土壤水入渗,提供优先路径是造成测量结果远高于土壤本身入渗性能的重要原因。环式入渗仪测量过程中采用的时间步长偏大是产生入渗率偏大的另一原因。采用数值计算方法分析了计算入渗赋值方式和时间步长对测量得到的土壤入渗性能曲线的影响,具体估算了不同时间步长和赋值方式下,在入渗初期可能引起的入渗测量误差。 相似文献
4.
利用圆盘渗透仪测定土壤水动力参数模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
邹朝望 《中国农村水利水电》2004,(6):16-17
圆盘渗透仪是一种能够快速、简便测定土壤水动力参数的装置，在国外已得到普遍的应用，而在国内应用较少。介绍了利用圆盘渗透仪测定土壤水动力参数的一些常用的模型，在参阅国外文献的基础上分析了这些模型的优缺点，并提出了下一步的研究方向。 相似文献
5.
不同土地利用方式下土壤水力性质对比研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对草地、保护地、菜地和茶园4种不同土地利用方式的土壤进行了4个压力水头(-9、-6、-3和0 cm)、2个不同盘径的圆盘入渗试验。结果表明,在本试验条件下,不同盘径的圆盘入渗仪测定结果差异不显著,小盘径圆盘更适合用于野外测定土壤水力特征参数。随着水头的减小,4种土地利用方式的土壤稳定入渗率和土壤非饱和导水率呈不同程度的减小。4种土地利用方式土壤的水力学性质差异显著,根据实测资料确定了不同负水头下的土壤饱和导水率和Gardner指数模型参数α,土地利用方式对土壤导水率和Gardner指数模型参数α均有显著影响。不同土地利用方式下土壤大、小孔隙对水流的贡献率影响显著,中等孔隙1、中等孔隙2对水流贡献率影响不显著。茶园和草地各级土壤孔隙对水流的贡献率随孔隙尺寸减小而降低,而菜地和保护地小孔隙(孔隙半径0~0.1 mm)对水流的贡献率为最高。 相似文献
6.
间接地下滴灌导水装置规格参数模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据灌水过程中质量守恒原理建立了导水装置规格(直径,高度)参数求解模型,该模型中综合考虑了滴头流量、灌水定额、土壤水力特性参数以及活动水位等因素对导水装置规格的影响。通过室内恒定水头积水入渗试验的设计和研究,定量化了土壤水力特性参数对导水装置规格参数模型的作用,并研究了导水装置内水位深度的动态变化规律。结果表明,当忽略导水装置内积水深度的动态变化对土壤水力特性参数的影响时,与一维垂直入渗规律相似,导水装置内积水入渗累计入渗量与时间的关系可用菲利普公式进行拟合,但在土壤类型一定时,间接地下滴灌的参数渗吸系数S和稳定入渗速率if还与土壤上方的积水面积有关。当滴头流量大于土壤入渗速率时,导水装置内开始产生积水,且积水深度处于不断上升的过程。该模型的建立为间接地下滴灌导水装置规格的选取提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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8.
根据田间试验、前人的研究成果及现代控制理论中“黑箱”理论的思想，作者提出波涌灌入渗的结构模型。进而提出定量描述波涌藻土壤性能变化的指标－－表面密实层的饱和导水率ｋｓ和糙率ｎ值。利用成层土壤入渗理论推导出求解表面密实层饱和导水率ｋｓ的公式，设计出定量测定有关参数的试验方法，并用入渗仪定量测出有关参数的量值。同时研究了表面密实层饱和导水率ｋｓ与土壤机械组成、土壤容重、供水中断时间的定量关系。建立了表面 相似文献
9.
滨海农田土壤入渗特性规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《灌溉排水学报》2015,(8)
采用室内环刀法和室外圆盘入渗仪测定了滨海农田土壤不同处理方式下的水分入渗过程,分析对比了不同处理土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、土壤吸湿率、导水率和30min累积入渗量及其主要影响因素。结果表明,有机肥处理和覆膜处理的入渗速率高于施用化肥、不施肥和石膏的处理,以入渗起始时段尤为明显,各处理在30~40min左右均达到稳定入渗,但覆膜处理延长了达到稳定入渗的时间,而石膏处理在水分入渗过程中溶解出Ca2+,置换出Na+,堵塞土壤孔隙,影响水分入渗率;覆膜、有机肥和化肥处理改善了土壤孔隙状况,增加了土壤的30min累积入渗量,而石膏处理减少了土壤的入渗累积量;不同处理的初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、吸湿率、导水率和30min累积入渗量受滨海地区特殊的土壤结构特性和盐分类型作用而主导因素不同。 相似文献
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11.
利用圆盘入渗仪测定土壤水动力参数的入渗特征试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过圆盘入渗试验,分析了4种土壤在5个负水头下(-1、-3、-6、-9和-12 cm)的入渗特征。结果表明,随着负水头的增加,4种土壤的稳定入渗率、吸湿率和非饱和导水率总体表现减小的趋势,同时,在相同负水头条件下,入渗率、吸湿率和非饱和导水率大小规律表现为塿土盐碱土3盐碱土2盐碱土1。根据实测资料确定了不同负水头下非饱和导水率的Gardner指数模型参数,为盐渍化土壤水力参数的确定提供理论参考。 相似文献
12.
利用盘式负压仪测定土壤导水率的计算方法对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤导水率作为重要的水力特征参数之一,准确测量和计算不仅有助于促进土壤非饱和带的水分运动过程理论研究,同时可为合理确定农田灌排技术参数提供科学依据.为了比较分析在盘式入渗仪下不同导水率计算方法的适用性,针对2种土地类型(菜地、茶园)进行了4个负压水头(-9,-6,-3,0 cm)、2个盘径(10,20 cm)的入渗试验,并通过不同计算方法计算导水率.结果表明:盘径对导水率影响不具有统计学意义,且不同计算方法结果趋于一致,因此在野外缺水条件下,可考虑选用小圆盘进行试验;对于不同的土地类型,建议选择不同的方法测量,作为耕作地的菜地,计算导水率时建议使用稳态流方法,而茶园导水率的测定则推荐使用瞬态流方法;在相同负压下,不同土地利用方式对导水率的影响具有统计学意义,且对于不同的计算方法,2种土地类型在4个负压下表现的导水率变化规律一致. 相似文献
13.
盘式吸渗仪吸渗率计算方法比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用盘径为5cm和15cm的盘式吸渗仪,对杨凌塿土(粘土)和神木砂黄土(砂壤土)两种质地的土壤在0、-3、-6、-9、-12cm 水头5种负压下进行了室内吸渗实验,分析了不同盘径和负压对累积吸渗量的影响;并选用4种吸渗率公式对这两种质地土壤吸渗率进行了计算,以Vandervaere法为参考方法对该4种方法的适用性进行了分析.结果表明,在相同的时间内,两种土壤5cm盘径下的累积吸渗量均大于15cm盘径下的累积吸渗量,砂黄土累积吸渗量大于相同负压下塿土累积吸渗量;在4种吸渗率计算方法中,无论塿土还是砂黄土,Haverkamp公式所得吸渗率值与参考方法最接近. 相似文献
14.
Infiltration rate measurements in arid soils with surface crust 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The effects of infiltrometer type and water application rate on infiltration were studied for a crust-forming soil at the
University of Jordan Research Station near Al-Muwaqqar village. The total amount of water applied in all cases was 38 mm.
The highest infiltration rate values occurred in basin infiltrometers followed by sprinkler and furrow infiltrometers. The
infiltration rate at the end of water application decreased significantly by 41–57% with decreasing application rate from
28.4 to 6.2 mm/h regardless of infiltrometer type. Increasing the initial soil moisture content decreased the infiltration
rate by about 4–11% in all infiltrometer types and application rates. In the basin infiltrometer, lateral water movement occurred
all around the basin borders, thus increasing the measured basic infiltration rate. In the furrow infiltrometer, the formation
of a sedimentary crust on the furrow bottom reduced the basic water infiltration rate to 3.6 mm/h. The wetted zone formed
with the sprinkler infiltrometer reduced lateral water movement, and the measured basic infiltration rate was close to the
basic infiltration rate measured by the double-ring infiltrometer. The measurements were used to establish infiltration rate
curves and equations. In a second experiment, the Stirk correction significantly reduced the water lateral divergence factor
by 27.1% in single-ring infiltrometers. The Stirk correction factor was different in single- and double-ring infiltrometers.
Thus, the basic infiltration rate was 4.8 and 3.5 mm/h using the single and the double infiltrometers, respectively, while
the corresponding correction factors were 0.67 and 0.91, respectively. The corrected infiltration rate was only 3.2 mm/h,
which confirms the tendency of these crusted soils to generate huge runoff at even small application rates.
Received: 27 September 1997 相似文献
15.
《Agricultural Water Management》1996,30(2):133-142
A volume-balance technique utilizing irrigation advance and recession functions, numerical integration, and an optimization procedure was developed to determine infiltration parameters. The procedure is simple yet rational and accounts for spatial variability of soil characteristics. The required data are flow rate, the coefficients and exponents of the advance and recession functions, and inflow shut-off time. In a field experiment on a clay loam soil (typical of southern Alberta) at the Lethbridge Research Centre, infiltration rates estimated by this technique were similar and in close agreement with those measured with a ring infiltrometer. Except for two border strips, there were no significant mean differences between simulated (Is) and measured (Im) infiltration rates. In the two non-conforming border strips, field measured infiltration rates were higher than those simulated with the volume balance approach, most likely due mainly to spatial variability of soil characteristics and partly to lateral flow which occasionally occurs when measuring infiltration with a ring infiltrometer. 相似文献
16.
Containerized plant production represents an extremely intensive agricultural practice with large amounts of moisture and fertilizer application. Hydro-physical characteristics such as water infiltration, texture and structure, particle size distribution affect the quality of the media used in containerized agricultural systems and the water availability to plants. Water retention characteristics depend on particle size distribution as well as the composition of the media used. Materials with coarser particles allow faster percolation of water and also retain relatively higher amounts moisture per unit weight due to higher porosity, while draining faster due to smaller surface area per unit weight. Faster drainage can result into airflow through coarser materials causing the media to dry. The objectives of this study were to characterize the selected hydro-physical properties of plant growth media that are commonly used by nurseries in South Florida. Characterization of the plant growing media can allow modeling of soil-water interactions and development of best management practices for more efficient use of water and agrochemicals by nurseries. Experimental analyses were performed to characterize the plant growth mixtures in terms of particle size distribution and hydraulic conductivity using three different methods (i.e., constant head permeability, falling head permeability test, and tension infiltrometer test). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by constant head method ranged from 0.029 to 0.042 cm/s (104-151 cm/h) and by falling head method ranged from 0.078 to 0.112 cm/s (281-403 cm/h). The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures measured by tension infiltrometer ranged from 0.02 to 0.34 cm/h. Understanding water retention and permeation characteristics of the plant growing media could assist development of best management practices (BMP) for containerized agricultural systems for efficient management of irrigation water and agrochemical use. 相似文献
17.
Cumulative infiltration into thesoil profile during constant on-off cycletimes of surge irrigation was estimatedusing surge-ring infiltrometer data. TheKostiakov equation was employed to modelthe cumulative infiltration behaviour andits reduction into the soil duringdifferent surges. The two-point techniquewas applied to determine the unknownparameters of the Kostiakov equation. Itwas concluded that the surging phenomenasubstantially reduced water movement andthe reduction in cumulative infiltrationvaries from 60 to 83% during first surgeand 60 to 27% for the subsequent surges. Asurge infiltration model was also developedby introducing a `surge factor' into theKostiakov equation to generate infiltrationdata for subsequent surges, using the firstsurge / continuous infiltration data.Results of the study revealed that theinfiltration data of the surge-ringinfiltrometer and that generated by surgeinfiltration model matched closely. 相似文献