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1.
Ansari-Lari M Haghkhah M Bahramy A Novin Baheran AM 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(4):553-557
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2006 in dairy herds in Fars province, southern Iran to determine
the herd-level risk factors for infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Statistical analysis using multivariable logistic regression showed that contamination of udders of periparturient
cows with manure (OR = 6.4, P = 0.02) and history of having suspected cases of Johne's disease in the herd (OR = 6.7, P = 0.04)
were significantly associated with the herd infection status. No relationship between breed, herd size and other management
practices with the infection status of the herd were found in this study. Implementing high sanitary measures in the farm,
particularly with respect to manure handling and cleaning could be considered as one of the important aspects in controlling
disease in the region as well as in the future educational effort. 相似文献
2.
Dilmaghani M Ahmadi M Zahraei Salehi T Talebi A 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(3):133-143
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium causes food-borne outbreaks and systemic diseases in humans and animals. groEL gene (also known as mopA gene in S. Typhimurium), possessing conserved sequence, plays an important role in invasion of bacteria. The purpose of present study
was to identify the polymorphism of groEL gene among different avians in different regions by PCR-RFLP method. Fifty two S. Typhimurium isolates (Broiler (n = 13), Layer (n = 12), Duck (n = 5), Goose (n = 5), Sparrow (n = 8), Canary (n = 3), Pigeon (n = 5) and Casco parrot (n = 1). were identified using serotyping as well as multiplex-PCR. Then, amplification of groEL gene performed and amplified products subjected to restriction digestion with BsuRI enzyme. Three RFLP profiles, A, B and
C, generated DNA fragments between approximately 100–1,000 bp in size, were observed. The RFLP profile A was observed in 35
(67.3%), profile B in 14 (26.9%) and profile C in 3 (5.77%) of isolates. S. Typhimurium isolates recovered from 13 broilers (two of which profile A, 9 profile B and 2 profile C) and from 8 sparrows
(two of which profile A, 5 profile B and 1 profile C) showed all three profiles, but 12 layers and other avians (including
Canary (n = 3), Goose (n = 5), Duck (n = 5), Pigeon (n = 5) and Casco parrot (n = 1)) showed profile A. None of these profiles was allotted for a special region. The result of present study showed that
S. Typhimurium undergoes genetic mutations in groEL gene under unpleasant milieu in different regions and in different avians. Thus, genetic diversity, despite conserved nature
of groEL gene in S. Typhimurium, may exist but it depends on the condition where bacteria have settled. To our knowledge, three RFLP profiles
of groEL gene generated by BsuRI restriction enzyme were not reported previously. 相似文献
3.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in non-vaccinated dairy herds and to assess importance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from a total
of 262 animals from 25 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using ELISA test. The prevalence rates of N. caninum antibodies in cattle were high both at herd level (44%) and at individual animal level (10.7%). Herd level infection rates
were similar in Khartoum State (43.7%) and at Gazira States (44.4%). The overall prevalence rates were higher (16.1%) in Gazira
State than in Khartoum State (9%) but with no significant variation. The sero-prevalence at individual animal level was significantly
higher (p < 0.05) in animals with history of abortion (12.8%) than in apparently healthy animal (11.3%), animal with history of infertility
(8.1%), or neonatal death of calves (4.3%). In addition, significantly higher (P < 0.05) sero-prevalence was observed in samples collected during the rainy season (6.87%) than winter (3.05%) or summer (0.76%).
However, no significant differences in sero-prevalence due to locality, animal breed, sex, and age were observed (p > 0.05). This preliminary study reveals for the first time the existence of natural N. caninum infection in Sudan. Also, the findings of the present study indicated that this disease is highly prevalent in two major
areas of dairy production in the country, and this calls for control strategy to be implemented. 相似文献
4.
Simeon I. B. Cadmus Mohammed K. Yakubu Abdullahi A. Magaji Akinbowale O. Jenkins Dick van Soolingen 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1047-1048
Using deletion typing technique, five mycobacteria isolated from unpasteurised milk samples from cows in north-central Nigeria
were characterized as Mycobacterium bovis (n = 4) and M. africanum (n = 1). This report emphasizes that transmission between the animal and human reservoir is a serious threat in Nigeria. 相似文献
5.
C H J Kalis H W Barkema J W Hesselink C van Maanen M T Collins 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(3):219-224
Control of paratuberculosis in dairy herds is based on preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mptb) from cows to calves by management measures, supported by removal of cows excreting these bacteria by the fecal route (Mptb shedders). Fecal culture is the most accurate test for identifying Mptb shedders, but this technique is expensive and takes up to 16 weeks for results to be available. Serologic tests are inexpensive, rapid, and easy to perform. Of serologic tests, the complement fixation test (CFT) and absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the serologic tests used most frequently; the CFT is considered less accurate than the ELISA with respect to sensitivity and specificity. The commonly accepted absorbed ELISA is from the Australian Central Serum Laboratory. However, a European supplier has marketed a second ELISA that is supposed to be more sensitive in detecting Mptb shedders. These 2 absorbed ELISAs, designated ELISA-A and ELISA-B, and an in-house CFT were compared with data from 2 serum panels. The Mptb shedding panel consisted of sera from 198 culture-positive cows from 53 infected herds. The method used for culture of fecal samples was a modified J?rgensen method on individual samples. The Mptb shedder detection rate by the 3 serologic tests ranged from 29.8% to 39.4%. Detection rate for ELISA-A was lower than that for ELISA-B and CFT. For all 3 tests, detection rate was dependent on the level of Mptb shedding and the age of the animals. Detection rates increased as cattle age increased to 4 years. The specificity panel was initially composed of sera from 811 cows randomly selected from 41 herds without clinical paratuberculosis that were negative for Mptb based on whole-herd fecal culture. The modified J?rgensen method for culture was used on pooled fecal samples. Serologic test specificity ranged from 93.4% to 99.8%. The specificity of ELISA-A was higher than that of ELISA-B and CFT. Specificity of ELISA-B between herds was 75-100%. Specificity of CFT between herds was 62-100%. The low specificity of ELISA-B and CFT could not be explained by a higher sensitivity for Mptb-infected cows before onset of shedding, because in the 19 herds with 8 more subsequent negative whole-herd fecal cultures in the 4 years after sampling, specificity was not improved. The insufficient specificity of ELISA-B was not corrected sufficiently by heightening the cutoff value because Mptb shedder detection rate was lowered to 28.9%, equal to that of ELISA-A, and specificity only rose to 97%, much lower than that of ELISA-A. Taking into account the different test characteristics, serologic tests are a cost-effective alternative to fecal culture in high-prevalence herds. For certification programs, only ELISA-A is recommended because in a large number of nonsuspect herds specificity remained almost 100%. 相似文献
6.
J. H. Urdaz-Rodríguez G. T. Fosgate S. D. Waghela A. R. Alleman D. O. Rae G. A. Donovan P. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1465-1473
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of Babesia bovis in adult lactating dairy cattle of Puerto Rico (PR), to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence,
and to document the species of ticks infesting cattle within these farms. Antibody activity against B. bovis was determined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult lactating
dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. Herd seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 51% with an overall individual
cow seroprevalence for B. bovis of 26%. Ticks were collected from animals on 7 (9%) of the 76 participating commercial dairy farms. All collected ticks (n = 87)
were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Factors associated with high herd seropositivity were dairy farms with calf but not heifer raising facilities (OR = 16, 95%
CI = 3.0-86), having more than 4 neighbors with cattle (OR = 17, 95% CI = 1.6-178), same producer owning more than one farm
(OR = 7.2, 95% CI = 1.6-32), and use of government services to apply amitraz on cattle (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.5-20). 相似文献
7.
Bilge Karatepe Mustafa Karatepe Ayşe Çakmak Zafer Karaer Gül Ergün 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(1):109-113
The prevalence of equine piroplasmosis caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Nigde, in central Anatolia, Turkey has remained unknown. Serum samples were obtained from a total of 125 horses and were
tested for antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi using the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). Twenty-three (18.4%) horses were seropositive for equine piroplasmosis.
Anti-T. equi was observed in 16 horses (12.8%) while anti-B. caballi was detected in 12 horses (9.6%). In addition, 5 serum samples were positive for both parasites. The prevalence rates of
antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi for female and male horses were statistically indifferent (p = 0.19 and 0.90). The difference between the seropositivity
rates to T. equi among age groups was statistically insignificant (p = 0.44) while the difference to B. caballi among age groups is statistically significant (p = 0.01). Seropositivity rates ranged from 2.9% to 25.7% for T. equi and 2.9% to 14.3% for B. caballi from the selected districts in Nigde. A statistically significant difference on seropositivity rates for the study sites
was observed for only T.equi (p = 0.03). This study indicates that T. equi is higher than B. caballi in Nigde.
This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Nigde University (FEB 2007/08). 相似文献
8.
M. P. Soumya R. M. Pillai P. X. Antony H. K. Mukhopadhyay V. N. Rao 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):781-791
Comparative efficacy of faecal culture and IS900 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of faecal samples was investigated
in 40 clinically suspected cases of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle. The sensitivity of faecal culture and PCR assay in this
study was 52.5% (21/40) and 90% (36/40) respectively. All isolates appeared only on the mycobactin J supplemented Herrold’s
egg yolk medium (HEYM) at 8–16 weeks post-inoculation, were acid-fast and were positive for IS900 PCR yielding a single amplicon
of 217 bp. A total of 28 faecal samples out of 40 were positive by IS900 primary PCR assay for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) yielding an expected product of size 217 bp. Twelve faecal samples, which gave negative results in the primary PCR,
were subjected to secondary PCR assay. Of the 12 samples, 8 gave positive results in the IS900 nested PCR (nPCR), which yielded
a PCR product of 167 bp, proving better sensitivity of nPCR assay than single amplification PCR. PCR could detect additionally
15 samples as positive which were negative by faecal culture. The chi-square analysis showed a highly significant difference
between the tests (P< 0.01). This study suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of Map could be used as a potential diagnostic
tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease surveillance. 相似文献
9.
Manuela Oliveira José L. Monteiro Sílvia Rana Cristina L. Vilela 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):833-839
The Timorese River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) plays a major role in the East Timor economy, as it is an important source of animal protein in human nutrition. They are
widely spread throughout the country and are in direct contact with the populations. In spite of this proximity, information
on their microbiota is scarce. This work aimed at characterizing the skin microbiota of the East Timorese River Buffalo and
its antimicrobial resistance profile. Skin swab samples were taken from 46 animals in surveys conducted in three farms located
in “Suco de Nairete”, Lospalos district, during July and August 2006. Bacteria were isolated and identified according to conventional
microbiological procedures. A total of 456 isolates were obtained, including Gram-positive (n = 243) and Gram-negative (n = 213) bacteria. Due to their importance as potential pathogens and as vehicles for antimicrobial resistance transmission,
Gram-positive cocci (n = 27) and bacilli (n = 77) isolates were further characterized, and their antimicrobial resistance profile determined by the disk diffusion method
according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. This study shows the high bacterial diversity of
B. bubalis skin microbiota, representing an important first step towards understanding its importance and epidemiologic role in animal
health. It also points out the potential role of these animals as vectors of antimicrobial resistant bacteria dissemination
and the importance of antimicrobial resistance monitoring in developing countries. 相似文献
10.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the curative and antioxidative efficacy of ivermectin and ivermectin
+ vitamin E-selenium, and the influence of these agents on oxidative stress parameters in canines infested by Sarcoptes scabiei. Twenty two sarcoptic mites infested dogs and nine healthy dogs of 6 months to 2 years of age were divided into three groups.
Group I comprised of healthy dogs (n = 9) whereas animals in group II (n = 11) and III (n = 11) were positive for scabies. Group II animals were treated with only 1% ivermectin @ 0.2 mg/kg SC whereas group III were
additionally treated with Vitamin E and selenium (tocopherol 50 mg + Se 1.5 mg/ml) @0.5 ml/20 kg IM at weekly intervals for
three times. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and 28 post therapy. The values for hemato-biochemical parameters and activities
of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) whereas level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in all the infested dogs in comparison to the healthy
dogs on day 0 which approached normalcy by day 28 post therapy. The dogs of group III showed better clinical recovery in comparison
to group II at the end of therapy. Thus, administration of vitamin E and selenium in addition to standard therapy can alleviate
these alterations hastening the clinical recovery of diseased dogs and can be recommended as an adjunct therapy with miticides
for canine sarcoptic mange. 相似文献
11.
Ferreira SR de Araújo JV Braga FR Araujo JM Frassy LN Ferreira AS 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(8):553-558
Ascaris suum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of swines. The aim of this study was to observe Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on biological control of A. suum eggs after fungus passage through swines gastrointestinal tract. Eighteen pigs, previously dewormed, were randomly divided
into three groups: group 1, treated with the fungus isolate VC4; group 2, treated with the fungus isolate VC1 and group 3
did not receive fungus (control). In the treated groups, each animal received a 9 g single dose of mycelium mass containing
P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4). Thereafter, animal fecal samples were collected at the following intervals: 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h
after treatment beginning and these were poured in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar culture medium. Then, 1,000 A. suum eggs were poured into each dish and kept in an incubator at 26°C and in the dark for 30 days. After this period, approximately
100 eggs were removed from each Petri dish and morphologically analyzed under light microscopy following the ovicidal activity
parameters. The higher percentage observed for isolated VC4 eggs destruction was 57.5% (36 h) after fungus administration
and for isolate VC1 this percentage was 45.8% (24 h and 72 h) (p > 0.01). P. chlamydosporia remained viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of swines, maintaining its ability of destroying A. suum eggs. 相似文献
12.
This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in coagulation parameters in dairy cows affected with acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis and to compare those values to cows affected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ) mastitis. Twenty-four, adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows affected with acute E. coli mastitis and 17 cows affected with S. aureus mastitis were studied. Cows affected with E. coli mastitis had significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P < 0.01), prothrombin time (PT) (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) platelets numbers. Cows with S. aureus mastitis had only significantly prolonged APTT (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) platelet counts. In the hematology evaluation, cows affected with E. coli and those affected with S. aureus mastitis had elevated hematocrit values but only significantly (P < 0.05) so in mastitic cows caused by E. coli. Both groups of mastitic cows had significantly (P < 0.05) lower leukocyte counts. Only cows with E. coli mastitis had significantly (P < 0.05) lower neutrophil count. In the plasma biochemical evaluation, creatinine concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in both groups of cows. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was only significantly elevated in cows
affected with E. coli mastitis. Results of this study indicated that dairy cows affected with acute E. coli mastitis are more likely to develop clinical manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation than cows affected
with S. aureus mastitis. 相似文献
13.
J. H. Urdaz-Rodríguez G. T. Fosgate A. R. Alleman D. O. Rae G. A. Donovan P. Melendez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1439-1448
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in adult lactating dairy cattle of Puerto Rico (PR) and to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence.
Antibody activity against A. marginale was determined using the MSP-5 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult
lactating dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. Herd seroprevalence ranged from 3 to 100% with an
overall individual cow seroprevalence for A. marginale of 27.4%. Factors associated with high herd seropositivity were pasture grazing as the main feed source (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.2–34),
observed monkeys on the premises (OR = 13, 95% CI = 1.2–138), use of 11% permethrin (OR = 17, 95% CI = 2.2–129), farmers who
attended an acaricide certification program (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04–0.74), and lack of a fly control program (OR = 5.6,
95% CI = 1.3–24). 相似文献
14.
E. S. Swai W. Moshy P. F. Mtui S. Bwanga G. Machange P. Sanka 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):959-967
Sera from 497 sheep and 555 goats collected in a cross sectional study from different geographical locations in north-eastern
Tanzania were examined for antibodies to Ehrlichia ruminantium using MAP 1-B ELISA technique. E. ruminantium antibodies were found in 68.6% (341/497) of sheep and 64.7% (359/555) of goats. Overall seroprevalence was 66.5% (700/1052).
Infection rates were higher in sheep than goats (P < 0.05), in pastoral than in agro-pastoral production systems (P < 0.05)
and in female sheep than males (P < 0.05). (131/143) 91.6% of the farms/flocks tested revealed sero-positive animals. E.ruminantium infections were found in all the geographical villages and districts tested. The infection rates per administrative district
varied from 36.4% (Muheza) to 90% (Mkinga) in goats and from 11.9% (Muheza) to 94.6% (Mkinga) in sheep. The results shows
E. ruminantium infection was prevalent and widely but unevenly distributed throughout the eight districts under study. These findings should
be taken into consideration when future disease control and livestock upgrading programs are implemented. 相似文献
15.
The survey evaluated the market potential for guinea fowl (GF; Numidia meleagris) products in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. Questionnaires were administered to traders/producers (n = 17), retailers (n = 12), cafeteria industry (n = 33) and consumers (n = 1,680) to establish their perceptions on guinea fowl products. The average household size was 6 ± 2. Each trader sold 10 ± 6.30
keets (mean ± standard error), 33 ± 15.05 growers, 20 ± 12.69 breeders and 20 ± 10.1 crates of 30 eggs per month. Each household
consumed 2.5 ± 1.39 kg of GF meat and 3 ± 0.65 dozens of GF eggs per month. Retailers purchased 52 ± 44.42 crates of GF eggs
and 41 ± 30.50/kg of GF meat whilst cafeteria purchased 33.6 ± 14 crates of GF eggs and 65.5 ± 33.52 kg of GF meat per month.
Growers for breeding were the major product for sale by traders (94.1%) at a price of US$7.50 ± 1.74/bird. Different industries
were offering different prices for guinea fowl products because of their scarcity on the market. The mean purchase price per
crate of 30 guinea fowl eggs sold to the retail and cafeteria were US$7.50 ± 1.74/bird. Different industries
were offering different prices for guinea fowl products because of their scarcity on the market. The mean purchase price per
crate of 30 guinea fowl eggs sold to the retail and cafeteria were US3.00 ± 0.58 and US$4.50 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean
purchase prices for GF meat was lower (P < 0.05) for retailers (US$4.50 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean
purchase prices for GF meat was lower (P < 0.05) for retailers (US2.5 ± 0.81/kg) than cafeteria (US$3.67 ± 0.83/kg). The challenges faced by producers in the marketing
of guinea fowl products included poor supply due to the absence of good road networks to connect source areas and the market,
perishability of dressed chickens due to power cuts and poor publicity. Overall, the study showed that there is greater market
potential for guinea fowl products and farmers can channel their products through traders, cafeteria and retail industries. 相似文献
16.
Gianluca Neglia Bianca Gasparrini Domenico Vecchio Marcello Rubessa Rossella Di Palo Luigi Zicarelli Giuseppe Campanile 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1243-1247
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous progesterone supplementation on superovulatory response in buffaloes
that has undergone a multiple ovulation program. Fourteen Mediterranean buffaloes were divided into two groups and received
a 4-day decreasing dosage of an equal mixture of 500 IU of FSH and LH starting on day 8 of the cycle. In group A (n = 7) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device was removed on day 8, whereas in group B (n = 7) it was left till day 10, when PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{{2}\alpha }} was administered. Eighty hours later, buffaloes were artificially inseminated and after 6 days they undergone uterine flushing.
A higher (P < 0.05) number of corpora lutea (8.3 vs. 5.7) and embryo/flushing/buffalo (2.3 vs. 1.3) were recorded in group B vs. group
A if responsive buffaloes are considered (n = 12) and the number of corpora lutea was highly correlated with the number of embryos (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). In conclusion, progesterone supplementation during the first 2 days of the superovulation treatment seems to enhance
the recovery rate in buffalo species. A high ovulation rate, associated with a high number of corpora lutea, can represent
a parameter for estimating embryo recovery. 相似文献
17.
Asgari Q Sarnevesht J Kalantari M Sadat SJ Motazedian MH Sarkari B 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):389-392
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in human fetus and in immunocompromised
patients. Moreover, it becomes a major cause of abortion in sheep and goats. Since consumption of meat of infected lamb and
goat is considered as the main sources of human infection in Iran, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of
Toxoplasma infection in edible tissues of sheep and goats in Shiraz in 2008. Samples of brain, tongue, liver, and muscles of neck, intercostals,
and femoral were taken from 56 sheep and 22 goats and tested by PCR. The total prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among animals was found to be 33.3%. Five out of 22 goats (22.7%) and 21 out of 56 sheep (37.5%) were infected
by Toxoplasma. Differences between the prevalence rate of infection among females (nine out of 14 = 46%) and males animals (12 out of 45
= 29.5%) was significant (P = 0.013). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the age of animals and the rate of infection; animals greater
than 2 years old showed a higher rate of infection (47%) in comparison with those less than 2 years old (25%, P = 0.04). The highest infected tissue was tongue (21.8%) followed by brain (19.2%) and femoral and intercostal muscles (17.9%).
This study demonstrated a high level of Toxoplasma infection in slaughtered animals in Shiraz and these should be considered as the main sources of infection for human population
in the region. 相似文献
18.
Total body water (TBW) in 17 suckling and six lactating llamas was estimated from isotope dilution at three different post natum and lactation stages using both 18O and deuterium oxide (D2O). In total, 69 TBW measurements were undertaken. While TBW in lactating dams, expressed in kilogram, remained stable during
the three measurement periods (91.8 ± 15.0 kg), the body water fraction (TBW expressed in percent of body mass) increased
slightly (P = 0.042) from 62.9% to 65.8%. In contrast, TBW (kilogram) in suckling llamas increased significantly (P < 0.001) with age and decreased slightly when expressed as a percentage of body mass (P = 0.016). Relating TBW to body mass across all animals yielded a highly significant regression equation (TBW in kilogram = 2.633 + 0.623
body mass in kilogram, P < 0.001, n = 69) explaining 99.5% of the variation. The water fraction instead decreased in a curve linear fashion with increasing body
mass (TBW in percent of body mass = 88.23 body mass in kilogram−0.064, P < 0.001, R
2 = 0.460). The present results on TBW can serve as reference values for suckling and lactating llamas, e.g., for the evaluation
of fluid losses during disease. Additionally, the established regression equations can be used to predict TBW from body mass,
providing that the body masses fall inside the range of masses used to derive the equations. 相似文献
19.
M. Ramzan M. Akhtar F. Muhammad I. Hussain E. Hiszczyńska-Sawicka A. U. Haq M. S. Mahmood M. A. Hafeez 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1225-1229
Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii Apicomplexa protozoan, is widespread in humans and other animal species, having already been reported in many countries and
different climates. In Pakistan, no data is available on this aspect among food animals. This study was undertaken to determine
the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats. A total of 200 serum samples from sheep and goats, were collected from urban area of Rahim
Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan and tested for Toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.
Japan). The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was 19%. Goats had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) prevalence (25.4%)
as compared to the sheep (11.2%); and higher (p < 0.01) in the female (24%) than in the males (19%) for both species. In the
present study the male (both in sheep and goat) are found less seropositive T. gondii (OR = 0.23; 99% C.I. = 0.01, 1.81) as compared to female sheep and goat. The prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.01)
in adult sheep than younger animals. Among both the sheep and goats the group from 1–1.5 years are highly seropositive (OR = 1.75;
99% C.I. = 0.47, 6.51) as compared to the group less than one year of age followed by the 2–2.5 years age group (OR = 1.63;
99% C.I. = 0.50, 5.74) whereas group with more than 3 years of age least seropositive. 相似文献
20.
Farhan Anwar Khan Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry Muhammad Ijaz Ali Shahid Khan Naima Mumtaz Ijaz Ahmad 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):633-638
Tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of Lahore and were analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. Most
of the animals were emaciated. Diarrhea was noticed in 15.6% of buffaloes and 19.2% of cattle. Intestinal pathology was observed
in 29% of buffaloes and 32.8% of cattle. Number of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) showing gross lesions was a bit higher (35.6%)
in cattle than buffalo (31.2%). Acid-fast staining of tissue scraping smears revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB)
in 17.4% intestinal and 16.4% MLN tissue samples in buffalo, while in cattle 19.2% intestinal and 17.8% MLN were found positive
for AFB. In buffaloes, PCR confirmed 12.8% intestinal and 12.4% MLN positive samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, in cattle, PCR analysis demonstrated 14.2% positive results for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in both MLN and intestinal tissue samples. PCR also confirmed M. bovis in 5.8% of cattle and 5% of buffalo MLN and intestinal tissues. PCR positive tissue samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were from those animals which were emaciated, having diarrhea, and severe gross lesions. AFB were also detected in tissue
scraping smears of these animals. It is concluded that infection by various mycobacterium species can be differentiated by
PCR, which is not possible by acid-fast staining technique. 相似文献