共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yanli Lu Zhuanfang HaoChuanxiao Xie Jose CrossaJose-Luis Araus Shibin GaoBindiganavile S. Vivek Cosmos MagorokoshoStephen Mugo Dan MakumbiSuketoshi Taba Guangtang PanXinhai Li Tingzhao RongShihuang Zhang Yunbi Xu 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(1):37-45
A total of 550 maize inbred lines collected from global breeding programs were evaluated for drought resistance under both well-watered and water-stressed environments. The evaluation was based on multiple measurements of biomass taken before and after the drought stress was applied using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), along with other selection criteria including anthesis-silking interval, leaf senescence, chlorophyll content, root capacitance, final grain yield, and grain yield components. Kernel weight was the most stable trait under drought stress. Correlations between the primary trait (grain yield) and the secondary traits, except the root capacitance and ASI under water-stressed condition, were all significant. Root capacitance had relatively low heritability and low genetic correlation with other drought resistance criteria, and is not recommended as a drought resistance criterion. Significant reduction of NDVI values measured in the afternoon when the leaves became rolling, compared to those measured in the morning when the leaves were open, provides a reliable index for leaf rolling, which however was not significantly correlated with grain yield. NDVIs measured across different developmental stages were highly correlated with each other and with most of the secondary traits as well as, grain yield, indicating that NDVI can be used as a secondary trait for large-scale drought resistance screening. Regression models built based on non-yield drought criteria and yield components explained about 40% and 95% of the variation for the grain yield, respectively. Some maize lines developed in China for temperate regions showed strong drought resistance comparable to tropical maize lines when tested under tropical condition, indicating that temperate lines with a wide adaptability can be used in drought resistance breeding for both temperate and tropical environments. 相似文献
2.
Triticale often out-yields wheat in both favourable and unfavourable growing conditions. Observed traits suggested for the higher yields in triticale include greater early vigour, a longer spike formation phase with same duration to flowering, reduced tillering, increased remobilization of carbohydrates to the grain, early vigorous root growth and higher transpiration use efficiency. To quantify the impact of these traits systematically across seasons and contrasting rainfall regions and soil types, these triticale traits were introduced into a wheat model (APSIM-Nwheat). The impact of each individual trait and their full combination was analysed in a simulation experiment for three Mediterranean growing environments, two contrasting soil types and long-term historical weather data. The simulated impact of these traits was compared with measured impacts from a range of field experiments across several environments. Simulated responses of various crop characteristics including yield, were in general similar to responses observed in wheat-triticale comparison field experiments across a large range of growing conditions. The simulation analysis indicated that the yield response to the incorporation of the triticale traits into wheat was positive, in both low and high yielding growing conditions, similar to measured differences, but the simulated benefit was on average lower than the range observed in data of triticale and wheat. This suggests that other traits might also be involved in higher-yielding triticale, or the magnitude of some of the traits may be underestimated in field experiments due to ‘trait by environment’ interactions. The simulation results suggest the highest yield benefit can be achieved from increasing transpiration use efficiency in wheat, but early vigour, remobilization of stem carbohydrates and early root growth also contribute positively to a yield increase in the different growing environments. The yield benefits from the triticale traits increased in the future climate change scenario in particular on soils with high water-holding capacity from contributions of increased early vigour, remobilization of stem carbohydrates and transpiration use efficiency, and remained stable on the lighter soils. 相似文献
3.
Weeds are a major constraint to rice (Oryza spp.) production in West Africa. Superior weed competitive rice genotypes may reduce weed pressure and improve rice productivity. Two upland and two lowland experiments were conducted in southern Benin to examine genotypic variations in weed-suppressive ability and grain yield under weedy conditions, and to identify plant characteristics that could be used as selection criteria for improved weed competitiveness. A total of 19 genotypes, including Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima genotypes and interspecific hybrids developed from crossing O. sativa and O. glaberrima, were grown under weed-free and weedy conditions in an upland with supplemental irrigation and in a flooded lowland. In weedy plots, hand weeding was done once or not at all. Mean relative yield loss across all genotypes due to weed competition ranged from almost 0% to 61%. Large genotypic variations in weed biomass and grain yield under weedy conditions were found. Visual growth vigor at 42 and 63 days after sowing (DAS) under weed-free conditions significantly correlated with weed biomass at maturity in both upland and lowland experiments (R2 = 0.26–0.48). Where weed pressure was low to moderate, with mean relative yield loss less than 23%, the multiple regression models using grain yield and plant height at maturity or only grain yield measured under weed-free conditions as independent variables could explain 66–88% of the genotypic variation in grain yield under weedy conditions. At higher weed pressure (mean relative yield loss: 61%), as observed in one of the upland experiments, biomass accumulation of rice at 42 days after sowing was associated with higher grain yield under weedy conditions. Biomass accumulation also significantly correlated with visual growth vigor at the same sampling dates. Therefore, we conclude that grain yield, plant height at maturity and visual growth vigor at 42–63 DAS under weed-free conditions appear to be useful selection criteria for developing superior weed competitive rice genotypes. 相似文献
4.
Weiling YuanShaobing Peng Cougui CaoParminder Virk Danying XingYunbo Zhang Romeo M. VisperasRebecca C. Laza 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(1):168-174
Selection for yield per se has greatly contributed to yield improvement in many crops. It is expected that selection based on plant traits is more effective in increasing crop yield potential. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of trait-based and yield-based selection in increasing rice yield and to determine whether lines with ideotype traits have the potential to express higher yield under optimal crop management conditions. Lines were selected based on plant traits or on grain yield measured in a breeder's replicated yield trial. The main target traits for selection were plant height, leaf and panicle morphology, grain size, total dry weight, and grain-filling percentage. Yield performance of trait-based selection was compared with that of yield-based selection in an agronomic trial with optimum crop management for three seasons. Trait-based selection increased leaf area index and total dry weight but reduced spikelet number per m2 and harvest index compared with yield-based selection. Consequently, selection based on plant traits did not increase grain yield compared with selection based on yield per se. In one of the three seasons, yield of trait-based selection was significantly lower than that of yield-based selection. Among all tested breeding lines, maximum yield was produced by yield-based selection and minimum yield came from trait-based selection. These results suggest that lines with ideotype traits did not express higher grain yield than lines selected based on yield per se under optimal crop management conditions, and yield-based selection was as effective in increasing rice grain yield as trait-based selection in the late generations of the breeding cycle. 相似文献
5.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years, triticale was compared with barley, bread wheat and oats for its dual-purpose (forage and grain) capability.
The effect of spring forage removal on grain yield ranged from small yield increases (in the triticale and barley genotypes that otherwise lodged) to a 53% decrease, and was dependent on species, genotype, stage of development when cut, and time for recovery before grain harvest. A key factor influencing grain yield after early cutting was the number of spikes that developed.
The complete types of triticale were better than the one substituted type tested for dual purpose but, as there is variability among them, selection for good mixed aptitude is possible.
The production of the best triticale averaged over 2 years 3 t of forage DM ha-1 (with 684 kg of crude protein ha-1 ) and then 4–3 t of grain ha-1 . In this instance, neither the grain yield nor the number of spikes per plant were reduced after clipping, in spite of the fact that the shoot apices were removed.
Plant height and lodging were reduced by a forage cut. In triticale, the number of days to heading was increased even more when the cut was late, but no effect was observed in barley. 相似文献
The effect of spring forage removal on grain yield ranged from small yield increases (in the triticale and barley genotypes that otherwise lodged) to a 53% decrease, and was dependent on species, genotype, stage of development when cut, and time for recovery before grain harvest. A key factor influencing grain yield after early cutting was the number of spikes that developed.
The complete types of triticale were better than the one substituted type tested for dual purpose but, as there is variability among them, selection for good mixed aptitude is possible.
The production of the best triticale averaged over 2 years 3 t of forage DM ha
Plant height and lodging were reduced by a forage cut. In triticale, the number of days to heading was increased even more when the cut was late, but no effect was observed in barley. 相似文献
6.
为探讨灌浆前期高温对六倍体小黑麦籽粒淀粉积累及其相关合成酶活性的影响,以4个春性小黑麦品种（系）为材料,在开花后5~14 d于田间搭建温棚进行高温胁迫,对其籽粒淀粉积累动态、淀粉合成相关酶活性进行了研究。结果表明,开花后5~14 d高温胁迫导致小黑麦千粒重和容重均显著下降,其中,千粒重下降5.95%~20.47%,容重下降3.33%~9.49%;籽粒中的总淀粉、支链淀粉与直链淀粉含量均显著降低,依次下降6.84%~17.97%、7.70%~24.60%及2.27%~7.17%,直/支链淀粉比有所升高,但差异不显著。在高温胁迫期间,小黑麦籽粒中与淀粉合成相关的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPP）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、淀粉分支酶（SBE）及淀粉去分支酶（DBE）活性均较对照有所上升,高温胁迫结束后,AGPP、SSS、DBE的活性均较对照有所下降。推测灌浆前期高温胁迫导致灌浆中后期小黑麦籽粒中淀粉合成相关酶活性的下降是籽粒中淀粉含量降低以及千粒重、容重下降的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
S.S. AmbekarM.Y. Kamatar K. GanesamurthyR.B. Ghorade Usha SaxenaPooran Chand B.D. JadavI.K. Das T.G. NageshwararaoS. Audilakshmi N. Seetharama 《Crop Protection》2011,30(7):759-764
Grain mould causes qualitative and quantitative loss to grain in sorghum. Grain mould resistance is a complex problem as grain mould is caused by complex of fungi and the resistance is governed by many traits. Breeding efforts during the last 3 decades to develop grain mould resistance in high yielding genotypes have not paid many dividends. We developed a strategy to breed for grain mould resistance in high yielding back ground. Twenty five crosses between elite lines and grain mould resistant genetic stocks (susceptible × resistant/moderately resistant and moderately resistant × resistant crosses) were evaluated in F1, and derivatives performing superiorly for grain mould resistance in F2-F4 at physiological maturity were advanced. The early generation material F2s (10) and F3s (125) in 6 locations (representing rainy-season-sorghum growing 6 states of India where grain mould is one of the major biotic stresses), and later generations F4s and F5s in 3 locations (one location, Parbhani is a hot spot for grain moulds and 2 locations, Hyderabad and Coimbatore in epiphytotic conditions) were evaluated. Only 25 selections out of 384 derivatives in F4 were superior over locations for grain mould resistance at physiological maturity and harvest maturity (Our simultaneous studies in RILs for grain mould resistance across years and locations have shown that the variation obtained for grain mould resistance at physiological maturity is genetically governed and the grain mould score further gets compounded at harvest maturity depending on rainfall received after physiological maturity). These superior lines were advanced and further evaluated in F5 and F6 for grain mould resistance and grain yield. During 2007, out of 25 F5 derivatives, 12 were on par (scored 3.1-4.4) with resistant check, B 58586 (3.2 score) where as susceptible check, 296 B registered a score of 7.5. GMN nos. 41, 52, 59, and 63 performed on par with resistant check, B 58586 for grain mould resistance over 9 environments. Since we selected for grain mould resistance in early generations at physiological maturity in multi-locations, we could identify superior lines for grain mould resistance. Most of these lines are high yielding and on par with elite check, C43 for grain yield. These lines are distinct for DUS testing traits from grain mould resistant check, B 58586. 相似文献
8.
《Field Crops Research》1995,41(1):45-54
Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), yield and other characters were determined for 75 spring bread wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines in which water availability was varied using a line-source irrigation system. The experiment was carried out in 1989/90 at CIMMYT-CIANO, Cd. Obregon, in northwest Mexico. Forty of the cultivars and advanced breeding lines came from CIMMYT-Mexico, twenty from ICARDA-Syria, and fifteen from CIMMYT's International Drought Trial (IDT). Considering all materials together, grain yield and Δ were markedly reduced by drought (yield declined from 4560 to 1090 kg ha−1, Δ from 16.9 to 14.0‰, from least to most stressed, respectively). For each group of lines, grain yield was positively correlated with Δ in both the most stressed and least stressed parts of the trial (except for the CIMMYT lines under low stress where the correlation was nonsignificant). In addition, high yield under stress was associated with an early maturity score and with less reduction in mature plant height. Δ may be potentially used to augment selection for high yield based on yield itself, in both low- and high-stressed environments. In the latter environment, early maturity and minimal reduction in plant height should also be considered in a selection program especially under conditions of mid-season to terminal drought and/or heat stress. 相似文献
9.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2003,17(2):103-117
Whole grain crops can be suitable for the production of solid biofuels because they have a high biomass yield and can be harvested with a low water concentration. The concentrations of water, ash, nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl) and potassium (K) in solid biofuels should be as low as possible and calcium (Ca) concentrations high to avoid technical problems and environmentally harmful emissions during the combustion process. Since N fertilization can negatively influence the combustion quality of biomass, a conflict between yield and quality aims can arise. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the dosage of N fertilization on the yield and quality of the whole crop biomass of triticale, rye and wheat. In 1996 and 1997, field trials with winter triticale, winter rye and winter wheat were conducted at three locations in South-West Germany. N fertilizer doses were varied from 0 to 70 and 140 kg N ha−1 a−1. All N doses were applied between March and May. The whole crop biomass was harvested. The water concentrations and concentrations of ash, N, K, Cl and Ca in straw and grain were measured. A dose of 70 kg N significantly increased the yield of all cereal species, but yield increases at 140 kg N were not always significant when compared with 70 kg N. At 70 kg N the energy yields reached 137–249 GJ ha−1, for wheat, 142–263 GJ ha−1 for rye and 182–250 GJ ha−1 for triticale. The water concentration of the biomass, mainly of the straw, was significantly increased by N fertilization when the harvest was performed early at comparatively high water concentrations. For all cereal species a significant increase of N concentrations, especially in the grain, was measured at increased N fertilizer levels. The K concentrations of the straw and the Ca concentrations of straw and grain of all cereal species were also increased by N fertilization. N fertilization had little or no effect on the ash and Cl concentrations, which slightly decreased with increased N fertilization. N fertilization can, therefore, be used as a tool to influence the concentrations of N and K in the biomass. When combining yield and quality aims, 70–100 kg ha−1 a−1 N fertilizer was the best dosage for the whole grain crops at the southwestern German locations tested here. 相似文献
10.
对近50年来华南地区常规籼稻主栽品种的农艺性状进行主成分分析,前6项主成分的方差总贡献达到85.1%,其中穗粒数因子的方差贡献率最高。回归分析结果则显示,生物产量因子得分与产量的标准化回归系数最大,表明其对产量的贡献最大。基于前6项主成分得分进行品种聚类,可以将品种分为5大类。进一步对不同品种类别的各项主成分得分以及各项农艺性状进行比较,结果显示生物产量是决定华南地区水稻产量水平的关键性因素。不同类别间穗粒数因子与粒重因子相互消长,其中任一项因子得分过低都将限制产量水平提高,只有两者达到比较理想的平衡时,才能在高生物产量水平的条件下实现库容量的提高,促使产量水平提高。以提高生物产量为前提,在现有大穗的基础上适当提高千粒重水平,使穗粒数因子和粒重因子在更高水平上形成新的平衡,将是进一步提高华南地区水稻产量水平的重要途径。 相似文献
11.
选用我国常用的82个不同基因型自交系为研究材料, 在两种氮肥处理下对其子粒产量、耐低氮指数、保绿性相关性状进行测定, 探究不同玉米自交系保绿性及其与氮效率的关系。结果表明, 以高氮下保绿度为指标筛选出了23个保绿型自交系, 27个早衰型自交系, 其余32个为中间型自交系。两种氮水平间保绿度及其相关性状差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01), 子粒产量与保绿度及其相关性状间的相关性均达极显著水平。研究表明, 保绿性不仅与子粒产量密切相关, 同时还显著影响氮效率。因此, 保绿性可作为筛选氮高效玉米自交系的一个重要农艺性状。 相似文献
12.
基于无人机多时相遥感影像的冬小麦产量估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为高效准确地预测小麦产量,以浙江省冬小麦为研究对象,利用四旋翼无人机精灵4多光谱相机获取冬小麦5个关键生育时期（拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期）的冠层多光谱数据,选取多光谱相机的五个特征波段计算各生育时期的72个植被指数,分别通过逐步多元线性回归（SMLR）、偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、BP神经网络（BPNN）、支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）构建不同生育时期的产量估算模型,最后采用决定系数（R）、均方根误差（RMSE）和相对误差（RE）对估算模型进行评价,筛选出最优估算模型。结果表明,基于随机森林建立的模型估算效果最优,SMLR、PLSR和SVM三种方法建立的模型估算效果接近。利用随机森林算法所建拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期模型的R、RMSE和RE分别为0.92、0.35、11%;0.93、0.33、10%;0.94、0.32、9%;0.92、0.36、9%;0.77、0.67、33%。模型验证时,抽穗期估算效果最好（R、RMSE和RE分别为0.91、0.35和15%）,拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期估算效果接近且有很好的估算能力,成熟期估算精度最差（R、RMSE和RE分别为0.71、0.47和13%）。由此说明,结合机器学习算法和无人机多光谱提取的植被指数可以提高小麦产量估算效果。 相似文献
13.
Arvind Kumar Satish Verulkar Shalabh Dixit Bhagirath Chauhan Jerome Bernier Ramaiah Venuprasad Dule Zhao M.N. Shrivastava 《Field Crops Research》2009
Fifteen experiments testing seven sets of genotypes under irrigated non-stress and drought stress situations were conducted from 2004 to 2006 with the objective to study the effect of different severity levels of drought on tolerant and susceptible advanced breeding lines, current varieties, and traditional and improved donors, and to study the effect of selection for high early vigor on yield. With the onset of drought, a yield reduction due to a decrease in biomass was observed in both susceptible and tolerant lines. However, after an initial reduction in yield, tolerant lines were able to sustain a yield loss more effectively than susceptible lines by better maintenance of biomass and higher harvest index. Under intermittent drought stress, genotypes with the ability to maintain higher biomass, reflected in terms of high early vigor recorded 3 wk after transplanting, recorded higher grain yield than genotypes with low early vigor. Lines with high early vigor yielded higher under both irrigated non-stress and intermittent drought stress situations. Under intermittent stress, plants with high vigor, low vigor, or random plants with high or low vigor coming from tolerant × susceptible crosses yielded higher than did the plants with the same vigor coming from susceptible × susceptible crosses. Under both irrigated non-stress and intermittent drought stress situations, early vigor showed significant genetic correlation with grain yield and could be included as an efficient selection criterion to improve yield in the lowlands. 相似文献
14.
为提高三熟制地区油菜育种效率,本文研究了三熟制地区不同熟性油菜农艺性状对产量的影响。以2016-2020国家冬油菜品种区试中衡阳和宜春地区试验结果为基础数据,利用相关分析及通径分析研究了两个区域的油菜品种产量构成特点。结果发现,中熟组和早熟组株高、有效分枝数、菌核病发病率、病情指数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、密度、全生育期、含油量及产量差异显著。中熟油菜每角粒数、密度、菌核病抗性与产量呈极显著正相关,菌核病发病率、病情指数、生育期与产量极显著负相关,密度对产量的直接影响最大。早熟油菜株高、有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、密度、含油量与产量极显著正相关,菌核病发病率与产量显著负相关;对产量直接影响最大的是有效分枝数。认为育种策略中,两种油菜都应选育抗菌核病和适合高密度种植的品种,中熟油菜应提高单株有效角果数,而早熟油菜要增加有效分枝数。 相似文献
15.
AMMI模型在小麦区域试验产量组成性状分析中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解AMM I模型在小麦区域试验产量组成性状分析中的应用效果,利用AMM I模型对2002年四川省小麦区域试验资料进行了分析。结果表明,在分析基因型与环境互作时,AMM I模型优于多元回归和相关分析。AMM I模型中的极显著和显著项能分别解释产量、生育期、有效穗、株高、穗粒数和千粒重等性状92.6%、76.6%、80.1%、76.4%、68.4%和72.9%的交互作用平方和。AMM I模型双标图和稳定性参数Di可以分析产量性状在不同地点下的稳定性。稳定性Di值分析表明,品系和环境的变化均能对穗粒数的稳定性产生较大影响,而品系的变化对生育期影响较小,地点对株高的影响也较小;千粒重不稳定的品系更易检测出产量的不稳定性;有效穗差异大的地点,其对产量的鉴别力相对较弱;而穗粒数变化大的地点,则对产量的鉴别力较强。 相似文献
16.
17.
以陕A群、陕B群选育11份不同熟期玉米自交系为材料，通过播期调整使所有材料同天授粉，同时利用烘箱法和电子水分测量仪法测定不同时期玉米子粒含水率，分析子粒水分动态变化规律和子粒脱水特性。通过比较分析两种方法，发现授粉35DAP后两种方法测定的子粒水分含量显著相关(P<0.05)，此阶段电子水分测量仪法可替代烘箱法。聚类分析显示，可将11个试验材料划分为5种脱水类型，KB182和KA225为早熟脱水快型；KB207属于早熟脱水慢型；中熟材料KB089、KA147和XCA-1属于渐进脱水型；KA105属于晚熟脱水快型，KA327、2082和KB020属于晚熟脱水慢型。中熟材料KB089和晚熟材料KA105在同一熟期材料中达到最大灌浆速率所需时间较短，具有较快的灌浆速率且生理成熟期后脱水速率快的特点，可作为高产宜机收品种选育的优异种质应用于育种实践。 相似文献
18.
不同水分条件下小麦生理性状与产量的灰色关联度分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为了解干旱胁迫条件下小麦冠层温度、旗叶光合性状的变化特点及其对产量的影响,以小麦回交导入系(IL)群体[(鲁麦14×晋麦47)×鲁麦14]BC3F5代的160个株系及其亲本为材料,分析了雨养和灌溉条件下,开花期和灌浆期冠层温度、冠气温差、旗叶叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光动力学参数等性状的相关性以及不同性状与产量的灰色关联度。结果表明,在两种水分条件下IL群体多数性状表现超双亲,性状变异系数为1.19%～48.30%,性状均值偏向轮回亲本鲁麦14;雨养条件下抗旱亲本晋麦47的冠层温度及叶绿素荧光动力学参数比水地品种鲁麦14表现稳定,IL群体的性状稳定性(D值)超过轮回亲本。两种水分条件下,荧光动力学参数之间相关性表现复杂,Fv与Fm、Fo/Fm与Fv/Fm之间相关性最高,相关系数大于0.991。灰色关联度分析结果表明,两个发育时期的Fv/Fm和灌浆期的冠层温度对产量的影响较大,可以作为选择抗旱高光效小麦的重要评价指标。 相似文献
19.
为探讨氮肥用量对小黑麦生物量和氮素积累特性的影响,通过盆栽试验,以氮高效利用型小黑麦品种PI429186和氮低效利用型小黑麦品种CIxt74为材料,对不同施氮量下小黑麦各生育期干物质生产和氮素积累特性进行了研究。结果表明,小黑麦各生育期的生物量均随供氮量的增加而增加。在同一生育期同一供氮条件下,PI429186的生物量显著高于CIxt74。小黑麦根、茎、叶的氮素积累量及氮素阶段性积累量随供氮量的增加而增大。PI429186根、茎、叶的氮素积累量和氮素阶段性积累量均高于在同一生育期同一供氮条件下的CIxt74。因此,为提高牧草产量,宜推广使用氮高效利用型小黑麦,且在氮肥施用方式上宜采用基肥加追肥的方式。 相似文献
20.
为分析倒伏对油菜经济性状及产量的影响,以中双11号为材料,在油菜生长不同阶段进行人工模拟倒伏处理.结果表明,除成熟后期倒伏外,其他生长期油菜的产量和经济性状指标均受倒伏影响而显著变差;影响程度由大到小依次为:初花期倒伏>盛花期倒伏>终花期倒伏>成熟初期倒伏>成熟后期倒伏,减产幅度分别为67.3%、46.4%、30.7%、23.7%和10.5%.总体表现为倒伏时期越早,倒伏对产量和经济性状造成的影响越大;每果粒数和千粒重在向阳面影响不大,在背阴面减少极为显著,表明倒伏造成田间荫蔽是致使油菜减产的主要原因. 相似文献