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1.
67份美国小麦品种矮秆基因的分子标记检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确矮秆基因在美国小麦品种中的分布特点并发掘较少利用的矮秆基因,本研究利用8个小麦矮秆基因的特异分子标记对67份美国小麦品种中的矮秆基因进行了检测。结果表明,67份美国小麦品种中,超过80%的品种（56个）含有矮秆基因,其中 Rht-B1b和 Rht8基因频率较高,分别占62.7%和43.3%。仅有5个品种含有 Rht-D1b基因,同时发现3个品种含有 Rht5基因,2个品种含有 Rht12基因,未发现含有 Rht4、 Rht9和 Rht13基因的品种。在含有矮秆基因的品种中,35.8%的品种含有2个或2个以上的矮秆基因。其中有1个品种同时含有3个矮秆基因,有20个品种同时含有 Rht-B1b和 Rht8基因,有3个品种同时含有 Rht-D1b和 Rht8基因,有1个品种同时含有 Rht-D1b和 Rht12基因,其余32个品种各含有1个矮秆基因。本研究未发现同时含有 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b、 Rht8以及同时含有 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b的品种。 相似文献
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为给小麦株高和产量的遗传改良提供参考依据,利用 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b基因的STS分子标记BF/MR1和BF/WR1、DF1/MR2和DF2/WR2,以及 Rht8基因的微卫星标记Xgwm261,对237份不同生态区秋播小麦材料进行分子标记检测,并分析 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8对株高及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明：（1）在分布频率方面, Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8在秋播冬小麦中的频率较高,其中携带 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8的小麦材料分别占比16.5%、47.9%和44.1%;聚合两个矮秆基因（ Rht-D1b+Rht8、 Rht-B1b+Rht8和 Rht-B1b+ Rht-D1b）的小麦材料占比25.4%;聚合三个矮秆基因（Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b+Rht8）的小麦材料占比2.1%;（2）在分布特点方面,不同冬麦区存在一定偏好性：北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区均以 Rht-D1b、 Rht8和 Rht-D1b+Rht8为主;西南冬麦区以 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8为主,西南冬麦区以 Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8为主;（3）在降秆效应方面,降秆效果从强到弱依次为（ Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b+Rht8）>（ Rht-D1b+Rht8）> （ Rht-B1b+Rht8）> Rht-D1b> Rht-B1b> Rht8;(4)在产量结构特点方面, 携带 Rht-D1b和 Rht8的材料总体上具有较高的千粒重和单位面积穗数,携带 Rht-B1b的材料具有较高的穗粒数,但矮秆基因本身与产量因子间无显著的遗传相关性。 相似文献
3.
M.J. Gooding R.K. Uppal M. Addisu K.D. Harris C. Uauy J.R. Simmonds A.J. Murdoch 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
Near-isogenic lines varying for alleles for reduced height (Rht) and photoperiod insensitivity (Ppd-D1) in cv. Mercia (2005/6–2010/11; rht (tall), Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht8c+Ppd-D1a, Rht-D1c, Rht12) and cvs Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon (2007/8–2010/11; rht (tall), Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b, Rht-D1b+Rht-B1c) were compared at one field site, but within different systems (‘organic’, O, 2005/6–2007/8 v. ‘intensive’, I, 2005/6–2010/11). Further experiments at the site (2006/7–2008/9) compared 64 lines of a doubled-haploid (DH) population [Savannah (Rht-D1b) × Renesansa (Rht-8c+Ppd-D1a)]. Gibberellin (GA) insensitive dwarfing alleles (Rht-B1b; Rht-B1c; Rht-D1b; Rht-D1c) could reduce α-amylase activity and/or increase Hagberg falling number (HFN) but effects depended greatly on system, background and season. Only Rht-B1c increased grain dormancy despite producing plants taller than Rht-D1c. The GA-sensitive Rht8c+Ppd-D1a in Mercia was associated with reduced HFN but analysis of the DH population suggested this was more closely linked with Ppd-D1a, rather than Rht8c. The GA-sensitive severe-dwarfing allele Rht12 was associated with reduced HFN. Instability in HFN over season tended to increase with degree of dwarfing. There was a negative association between mean grain weight and HFN that was in addition to effects of Rht and Ppd-D1 allele. 相似文献
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5.
部分印度小麦品种矮秆基因的检测及其对部分性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解印度小麦品种中矮秆基因的分布特点,明确矮秆基因对株高和胚芽鞘长度的影响,本研究利用8个小麦矮秆基因的特异分子标记结合赤霉素处理,检测21份印度小麦品种中的矮秆基因,并结合田间株高调查和室内胚芽鞘长度测量评价了该批材料中各种矮秆基因对株高和胚芽鞘长度的影响。结果表明,21份印度小麦品种中均检测到了相关矮秆基因,且均含有两个及其以上矮秆基因,其中含有3个矮秆基因的材料有13份,含有4个矮秆基因的材料有3份。该批材料中矮秆基因Rht8和Rht4的分布频率较高,分别占66.7%和61.9%;含有Rht5和Rht-B1b的材料也较多,分别占57.1%和52.4%;未检测到含有Rht12和Rht13基因的材料。赤霉素处理结果表明,该批材料中对赤霉素敏感的有4份。胚芽鞘长度调查结果表明,大部分材料的胚芽鞘长度比中国春的长,其中13份材料的胚芽鞘显著长于中国春。田间株高调查结果显示,该批材料株高均显著低于中国春。以上结果表明,这21份印度小麦品种中的矮秆基因降低株高的效应较强,且对幼苗胚芽鞘无不利影响,适于旱地矮秆小麦改良利用。 相似文献
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四川小麦主要矮秆基因的分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为系统研究四川小麦品种主要矮秆基因的组成,应用Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因的STS标记及Rht8基因的连锁SSR标记,对262个小麦品种(系)进行了检测。结果表明,四川小麦品种(系)具有Rht8基因连锁标记的频率为54.6%,Rht-D1b基因的频率为37.4%,Rht-B1b基因的频率为15.3%。与前人的研究比较发现,四川小麦Rht8连锁标记的频率高于全国平均值,而Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的频率都低于全国平均值。这3种矮秆基因一共构成了8种组合类型。为分析不同基因组合对株高的影响,对连续种植3年的125份材料进行了测定。这些材料中,不含3种基因的类型占12.8%,仅含有Rht8的类型最多(33.6%),其次为仅含有Rht-D1b基因的类型(20%);同时含有Rht8基因和Rht-D1b基因的类型占17.6%;含有Rht-B1b基因的组合类型所占比例较少(都低于10%)。矮秆基因的降秆强度表现为:Rht-D1bRht-B1bRht8。同时具有3种矮秆基因的材料,其降秆强度最大,其次为含有2种矮秆基因的组合类型。 相似文献
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为探明滴灌模式下矮秆基因对小麦农艺性状的影响,对不同麦区的271份小麦品种(系)所含的矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8进行检测,并对其在滴灌栽培模式下的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和单株产量进行分析。结果表明,参试的271份小麦品种(系)中有177份含矮秆基因Rht-D1b,占65.31%;110份含Rht-B1b,占40.59%;58份含有Rht8,占21.40%;27份材料不含有所检测的3个矮秆基因。34.68%的品种(系)含有2个或3个矮秆基因。根据所含矮秆基因的类型可将271份材料分为8类。3个矮秆基因都能显著降低滴灌栽培模式下小麦的株高,其中Rht-B1b还显著降低了穗长、小穗数和单株产量,对穗粒数的影响不显著;Rht8对穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和单株产量均产生了负效应,但影响不显著;Rht-D1b对株高的影响最大,并对穗长、穗粒数和单株产量具有正效应,在育种中应加强利用。 相似文献
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为研究矮秆基因在中国不同麦区的分布,以及株高和小穗密度与赤霉病抗性的相关性,本研究通过分析3个矮秆基因 Rht1、 Rht2和 Rht8在211份不同麦区小麦自然群体中的分布,并结合其在不同环境下株高、小穗密度以及赤霉病抗性的调查数据,分析矮秆基因 Rht1、 Rht2和 Rht8对赤霉病抗性的影响。结果表明：（1）不同麦区矮秆基因的分布频率差异较大, Rht1主要分布在长江中下游麦区, Rht2和 Rht8主要分布在黄淮麦区;（2）与野生型品种相比,携带 Rht1、 Rht2和 Rht8的小麦品种,株高均显著或极显著降低;（3）携带 Rht2和 Rht8的小麦品种,赤霉病抗性均极显著低于野生型品种,而携带 Rht1的小麦品种,赤霉病抗性则极显著高于野生型品种;（4）携带 Rht2和 Rht8的小麦品种,小穗密度显著大于野生型品种,而携带 Rht1的小麦品种,小穗密度则显著降低。因此,不同矮秆基因对小穗密度性状的遗传差异可能是导致小麦赤霉病抗性和不同麦区矮秆基因选择利用差异的部分原因。 相似文献
9.
《Field Crops Research》2007,100(1):10-23
Timely sowing is critical for achieving high grain yields in winter cereals. However, inadequate seed-zone moisture for germination commonly delays sowing to reduce biomass and subsequent yield in semi-arid environments. Sowing deep to reach soil moisture is often avoided by growers of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarf wheat as these wheat show poor emergence when sown deep. Their reduced cell elongation associated with insensitivity to endogenous gibberellins, results in shorter coleoptiles and smaller early leaf area. Alternative dwarfing genes responsive to endogenous gibberellins (e.g. Rht8) are available for use in wheat breeding. These reduce plant height without affecting coleoptile length and offer potential to select longer coleoptile wheat for deep sowing. Nine semidwarf (Rht8, Rht-B1b, and Rht-D1b) and seven tall (rht) wheat genotypes were sown at depths of 50, 80 and 110 mm at three locations in 2 or 3 years. Coleoptile lengths measured in a growth cabinet at four temperatures (11, 15, 19 and 23 °C) were strongly correlated with coleoptile length (rp = 0.77–0.79**) and plant number (rp = 0.49*–0.79**) in deep-sown plots in the field. Furthermore, differences in coleoptile length were genetically correlated with greater numbers of emerged seedlings (rg = 0.97**), shallower crown depth (−0.58**), greater seedling leaf area (0.59**) and seedling biomass (0.44*). Wheat containing the Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b dwarfing genes produced significantly (P < 0.01) shorter coleoptiles (97 mm) than both Rht8 (118 mm) and tall (117 mm) wheat. In turn, compared with emergence from 50 mm depth, the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b wheat produced significantly fewer seedlings at 110 mm sowing depth (−62%) than either Rht8 (−41%) or tall (−37%) wheat. Effects of deep sowing early in the season were maintained with reductions in spike number and biomass at both anthesis and maturity. Kernel number was also reduced with deep sowing leading to reductions in grain yield. Over all entries, genotypic increases in plant number were associated with increases in fertile spike (rg = 0.61**) and kernel number (0.21*), total biomass (0.26*) and grain yield (0.28*). Reduction in spike number and grain yield with deep sowing was smallest for the Rht8 (−18 and −10%) and rht (−15 and −7%) wheat, and largest for the Rht-B1b/D1b (−39 and −16%) wheat. Plant height and coleoptile length were independent among Rht8 and tall wheat genotypes. This study demonstrates the importance of good seedling emergence in achieving high wheat yields, and the potential use of alternative dwarfing genes such as Rht8 in development of long coleoptile, reduced height wheat suitable for deep sowing. 相似文献
10.
为研究矮秆基因 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b在小麦品种中的分布及其对株高的影响,以3个小麦群体（中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料）共321份小麦品种为材料,检测矮秆基因 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b的分布频率,并分析比较它们对春小麦育种材料株高的影响。结果表明,在检测的321份材料中,共有193份材料含有 Rht-B1b矮秆基因,分布频率为60.1%,其中,中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料中含有 Rht-B1b矮秆基因的材料分别有29、77和87份,分布频率分别为 34.5%、72.6%和66.4%;共有135份材料含有 Rht-D1b矮秆基因,分布频率为42.1%,其中,中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料中含有 Rht-D1b 矮秆基因的材料分别有41、21和73份,分布频率分别为48.8%、19.8%和55.7%;共有78份材料同时含有 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b矮秆基因,分布频率为 24.3%,其中,中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料中同时含有 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b矮秆基因的材料分别有15、17和46份,分布频率分别为17.6%、15.9%和35.1%。对已被鉴定株高表型的91份春小麦育种材料进一步分析发现,同时携带 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b矮秆基因的材料株高较低。 相似文献
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小麦显性矮源对株粒重及产量构成因素的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用8个普通小麦品种与5个不同显性矮源进行回交产生的8套近等基因系，进行了株粒重及产量构成因素的研究，结果表明，显性矮源对有效穗数没有显著影响，对株粒重、穗粒数和千粒重都有显著的降低作用，降幅最小的是具有奥尔森矮源的近等基因系，分别降低19．6％、26．9％和10．5％；降幅最大的是具有矮变1号矮源的近等基因系，分别降低68．9％、66．7％和24．7％。携带Rht10基因的西农02和矮变1号矮源转育的近等基因系之间的株粒重、穗粒数和千粒重的差异都显著或极显著，说明它们对普通小麦品种的影响不一致。具有显性矮源的近等基因系株粒重偏低的主要原因是穗粒数减少和千粒重降低。具有显性矮源近等基因系的株粒重与株高的回归分析表明，适当提高显性矮源的株高可以提高株粒重。 相似文献
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黄淮麦区小麦种质资源矮秆基因分布及其与农艺性状的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了进一步阐明多个矮秆基因的分布及其与小麦农艺性状的关系,运用分子标记对来自我国黄淮麦区的246份小麦种质资源中6个矮秆基因位点(Rht1、Rht2、Rht4、Rht8、Rht9及Rht12)分别进行了检测,同时连续3年调查参试材料株高、穗长、穗下节长、小穗数、旗叶长、旗叶宽、穗粒数、粒长、粒宽和千粒重共10个农艺性状,分析了不同矮秆基因位点对小麦农艺性状的影响。结果表明,6个矮秆基因在黄淮麦区小麦中均具有广泛分布,其中含有Rht1和Rht2基因的小麦品种分布最广。分析矮秆基因位点对小麦农艺性状的影响发现,在Rht1位点,Rht1-B1a和Rht1-B1b两种基因型间的株高没有显著差异;在Rht2位点,拥有Rht2-D1b类型的小麦品种所有年份间的株高和穗下节长较低,但千粒重较高,为相对优良的基因型。排除Rht1和Rht2基因效应后,Rht4、Rht8、Rht9和Rht12位点对黄淮麦区小麦品种不同农艺性状均具有重要影响,其中,Rht4基因位点主要对小麦株高和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht4-B1b类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht8基因位点主要对小麦穗下节长、穗长和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht8-D1b类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht9基因位点主要对小麦株高和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht9-A1a类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht12基因位点主要对小麦千粒重和穗长具有重要影响,且Rht12-A1a类型为相对优良的基因型。进一步分析发现,6个位点中对株高影响最大的是Rht2基因,其次是Rht4基因;有4个位点(Rht1、Rht2、Rht8、Rht12)对千粒重有显著影响,其中Rht2基因的影响最大。分析除Rht1外其他5个位点优良基因型在不同时期小麦品种中的分布发现,从早期历史品种、近期历史品种到现代品种,不同位点优良基因型分布比例总体呈现上升趋势,表明优良矮秆基因型在黄淮麦区小麦品种选育中的利用逐渐增加,尤其是82.9%的现代小麦品种已含有Rht2-D1b类型。 相似文献
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Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with dough quality in a soft × hard bread wheat progeny 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Samir Kerfal Patricia Giraldo Marta Rodríguez-Quijano J. Francisco Vázquez Kathy Adams Odean M. Lukow Marion S. Röder Daryl J. Somers José M. Carrillo 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality is a key trait for baking industry exigencies and broad consumer preferences. The main goal of this study was to undertake quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses for bread wheat quality in a set of 79 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a soft × hard bread wheat cross. Field trials were conducted over two years, utilizing a randomized complete block design. Dough quality was evaluated by sedimentation test, mixograph and alveograph analysis. Protein content was measured by near-infrared reflectance analysis and grain hardness was determined by the single kernel characterization system (SKCS). 相似文献
14.
株高作为小麦育种的重要指标,对产量具有较大的影响。为进一步挖掘小麦株高的数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci,QTL）,本研究以扬麦12和偃展1号杂交得到的包含205个家系的重组自交系（recombinant inbred lines,RIL）群体为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传图谱,结合 3年共6个环境的表型数据对株高性状进行QTL定位分析。结果表明,在染色体2B（1）、4B（1）、4D（1）、5A（1）、5B（1）和7D（2）上共检测到7个与株高相关的QTL。QPh.yaas-4B、QPh.yaas-5A和QPh.yaas-7D.1的矮秆效应来源于扬麦12,其余4个QTL的矮秆效应来源于偃展1号。在6个环境下都能检测到的位点是QPh.yaas-4B和QPh.yaas-4D,对株高的贡献率分别14.50%~24.09%和19.01%~29.80%,经过比对发现,这2个QTL分别是Rht1和Rht2。QPh.yaas-5A在5个环境下被检测到,对株高的贡献率为3.29%~5.36%;QPh.yaas-2D和QPh.yaas-7D.2在4个环境中均被检测到,对株高的贡献率分别为3.45%~6.14%和3.16%~4.10%;QPh.yaas-5B和QPh.yaas-7D.1分别在2个和3个环境中被检测到,对株高的贡献率分别是2.27%~5.09%和2.72%~4.82%。QTL比较分析后发现,QPh.yaas-7D.1和QPh.yaas-7D.2可能是新的株高位点。研究Rht-B1和Rht-D1对千粒重、穗长和穗粒数的效应,发现Rht-B1位点对这些农艺性状无显著效应,Rht-D1位点仅对千粒重有显著效应,其株高增效等位变异可显著增加千粒重。在自然群体中验证Rht-B1和Rht-D1的效应结果与RIL群体结果一致。 相似文献
15.
Late maturity α-amylase (LMA), or prematurity α-amylase (PMAA) as it has been termed in the UK, in wheat involves the untimely synthesis of high pI α-amylase during the middle to later stages of grain development and ripening. The enzyme activity is retained in the grain at harvest ripeness, resulting in low falling number and failure to meet receival standards and customer specifications. This phenomenon, which is restricted to specific genotypes, appears to be controlled by 1 or 2 recessive genes acting alone or in combination and in most cases appears to be triggered by a temperature shock. This shock is only effective if it occurs during a window of sensitivity around 25–30 days postanthesis. Expression of LMA is reduced in the presence of dwarfing genes such as Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 that confer insensitivity to gibberellin. Screening technologies, including molecular markers and high pI-specific ELISA, have been developed to assist wheat breeders and will be required to meet new challenges posed by novel germplasm such as primary synthetic wheats. 相似文献
16.
The present study compared six near-isogenic lines from different backgrounds, varying in Rht (reduced height) alleles for gibberellin (GA) response, for heat and drought tolerance. Various temperature (day/night: 20/12 °C to 39/31 °C), and irrigation (100% field capacity and no irrigation) treatments were imposed at booting stage. Results depicted a 50% reduction in grain yield at 36.7 °C with irrigation and at 31.2 °C without irrigation. Number of grains per spike was severely reduced over 26 °C for water-stressed plants while irrigated plants did not show any significant reduction up to 34 °C. Ear numbers per pot and spikelets per spike were unaffected by irrigation till 33 °C. In Mercia, grain nitrogen, sulphur, and Hagberg falling number (HFN) were significantly higher for severe dwarfs (Rht-D1c and Rht-12), however, in Maris Widgeon, rht (tall) recorded higher nitrogen and sulphur concentration while Rht-B1b presented the maximum sedimentation of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The SDS was higher in Maris Widgeon while HFN were superior in Mercia. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that heat and drought stresses severely reduced the grain yield while improved grain quality traits. The GA-insensitive semi dwarf Rht-B1b was the most promising genotype for grain yield and HFN under combined drought and heat stresses. 相似文献
17.
Yu-ding Fan Hai-yan SunJing-lan Zhao Yan-ming MaRui-jun Li Si-shen Li 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
QTLs for quality traits of northern-style hand-made Chinese steamed bread (CSB) were mapped based on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between two Chinese winter wheat varieties, Chuang 35050 and Shannong 483. We detected eight putative QTLs for eight quality traits on seven chromosomes, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, 5D, 6B and 7B. The contributions of QTLs ranged from 9.88 to 64.87%. The additive effects of QTLs for color, elasticity, and stickiness were positive, with Chuan 35050 increasing the effects. Additive effects for volume, specific volume, appearance, smell, and total score were negative, with Shannong 483 increasing the effects. Two co-location QTLs were detected in the marker region Xgwm644–Xgwm193–Xgwm608b on chromosome 6B. The contributions of four QTLs for appearance, stickiness, smell and total score were very high (29.80–64.87%), indicating that these traits are controlled by major gene loci. The contribution of the smell QTL in Xissr25b–Xissr23b–Xwmc308–Xsrap7c on chromosome 4A was the highest (64.87%). We speculate that a major gene related to the smell or taste is located on chromosome 4A. 相似文献
18.
植物生长调节剂拌种对扬麦13茎秆生长及籽粒产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给高产小麦合理选用生长调节剂提供科学依据,以弱筋小麦扬麦13为试验材料,研究了不同生长调节剂(矮壮素、拌种剂、种衣剂、多效唑)拌种对不同群体小麦茎秆生长及籽粒产量的调节效应。结果表明,拌种处理均能有效降低扬麦13的株高、重心高度及基部节间长度,对茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、茎秆干重的调节效应因生长调节剂种类不同而存在差异,其中,低密度条件下拌种剂处理的小麦茎壁厚度增加显著,而高密度条件下多效唑处理小麦的茎壁厚度增加显著。生长调节剂拌种处理提高了扬麦13的抗倒伏能力,其作用效果表现为多效唑种衣剂拌种剂矮壮素。相关分析表明,降低植株株高、基部第一节间长度,增加基部第一、二节间壁厚有利于提高植株抗倒性能。拌种处理下小麦产量均高于对照,300×104株·hm-2群体的产量高于150×104株·hm-2群体,均以种衣剂拌种处理增产最明显,平均增幅达11.68%,在倒伏年拌种处理增产效果更显著。 相似文献
19.
为了解普通小麦品种陕农33矮秆突变体的矮化原因,通过农艺性状调查、茎秆细胞学观察、苗期赤霉素（GA）反应试验、内源激素含量测定和矮秆基因检测,分析了陕农33的13个矮秆突变体植株生长发育、茎秆解剖特征及对GA的敏感性。结果表明,与野生型陕农33相比,矮秆突变体的株高都显著下降,株高的下降与节间数无关,主要是由于节间长度的缩短,其中穗下节和第四节间的降秆效应较大。经进一步细胞学观察,突变体变矮是由茎秆细胞长度减少和细胞变小共同引起的,其中细胞长度减少是主因。从苗期植株对GA3的反应看,13个矮秆突变体属于赤霉素不敏感型或弱敏感型,说明赤霉素转导途径存在问题,即矮秆突变位点可能在赤霉素转导途径上。从内源激素测定结果看,13个矮秆材料中只有1个材料的茎秆GA3含量较陕农33略降,其余均增加,而CTK含量均减少,10个材料的IAA含量增加,说明这些材料的株高下降与赤霉素等内源激素代谢变化密切相关。通过矮秆基因检测,13个矮秆突变体和陕农33均含有目前应用范围较广的 Rht-D1b基因,只有两个矮化材料含有 Rht-B1b,因而推测矮秆突变体可能还含有其他致矮相关的基因。 相似文献
20.
Clment Debiton Emmanuelle Bancel Christophe Chambon Larbi Rhazi Grard Branlard 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010,52(3):466-474
In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), waxy genes are present at three loci (Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) and are responsible for amylose synthesis in the grain. Near isogenic lines (NILs) of the agronomic cultivar Tremie with either one, two or three waxy null alleles were used to study the genome response to these null alleles through proteomic analysis of starch granule associated proteins of mature grain. Among the 352 spots that were revealed, 86 varied significantly between NILs. The main differences were observed for the granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), product of the waxy genes. A strong relation (R2 = 0.94) between the amount of GBSS per gram of starch granule and the amylose quantity in the grain was revealed through quantification of the GBSS in each NIL. The analysis of GBSS quantity for each NIL invalidated the additive hypothesis for the expression of this enzyme in (Wx-A1a Wx-D1a Wx-B1b) (Wx-D1a Wx-B1a Wx-A1b) and the normal form of Tremie. In addition, four proteins identified as inactive GBSS were increased (+144.9%) in the triple null isogenic form compared to the normal form of Tremie. The quantitative variations of the proteins present in starch granules support the idea of regulatory mechanisms between genomes. 相似文献