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1.
 选用4个稻米直链淀粉含量有显著差异的粳稻品种配制两个杂交组合（系选1号×通769和东农423×藤系180）,研究其杂交后代籽粒直链淀粉含量选择对品质和产量性状的影响。结果表明,籽粒直链淀粉含量选择对杂种后代蒸煮食味品质和产量相关性状有不同程度的影响,其影响程度因杂交组合及性状不同而异;在蒸煮食味品质性状中,淀粉黏滞性谱的崩解值和消减值受直链淀粉含量选择的影响较大,而在产量相关性状中抽穗期、单株有效穗数、结实率、单株粒重等受直链淀粉含量选择的影响相对较大;通过直链淀粉含量的连续定向选择可以从杂种后代中分出直链淀粉含量不同的后代,粳稻杂种后代低直链淀粉含量的定向选择效果优于高直链淀粉含量的选择效果,更容易得到超低亲的变异类型;直链淀粉含量的选择对杂种后代产量性状的影响较复杂,存在有利或不利的影响,低直链淀粉含量的选择将会导致单株粒重的下降。  相似文献   

2.
Molecular design breeding is one of straightforward approaches to break yield barriers in rice. In this study, GW6 gene for grain length and width from Baodali was transferred into an indica recurrent parent 9311 and a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 （ZH11） using marker-assisted backcross （MAB）. One and three introgression lines were selected for phenotypic analysis from 9311 and ZH11 genetic backgrounds, respectively. SSL-1, an improved 9311 near isogenic line with GW6 performed 11%, 19% and 6.7%higher of grain length, 1000-grain weight and single plant yield, respectively, as compared with 9311. All the three improved ZH11-GW6 lines, R1, R2 and R3, had more than 30% increase in grain weight and about 7%higher in grain yield. Seed plumpness of R1, R2 and R3 was improved synchronously because the three ZH11-GW6 lines contained GIF1 （Grain Incomplete Filling 1）, a dominant grain filling gene. Thus, GW6 has high potential in increasing the yield of inbred lines through MAB, making it an important genetic resource in super hybrid rice breeding. This study provides insights in the utilization of GW6 for large grain and high yield rice breeding via molecular design breeding.  相似文献   

3.
Drought tolerance is an important rainfed rice breeding objective, but because the heritability (H) of yield under drought stress is thought to be low, secondary physiological traits are considered better targets for selection than yield under stress per se. This assumption has rarely been tested, and there are no reports on H for yield under drought stress from experiments repeated over seasons in rainfed lowland rice. To assess the potential for improving yield under drought stress via direct selection, and to identify associated quantitative trait loci (QTL), doubled haploid lines with a narrow range of flowering dates, derived from the population CT9993-5-10-1-M/IR62266-42-6-2, were screened under full irrigation and severe drought stress induced by draining the paddy before flowering in 2000–2002 at Raipur, India. Drought stress reduced mean yield by 80%. H was similar in stress and non-stress trials, as was the relative magnitude of the genotype and genotype × year variances. The genetic correlation between yield in stress and non-stress conditions was 0.8, indicating that about 64% of the genetic variation for yield under stress was accounted for by differences in yield potential also expressed in irrigated environments. These results indicate that direct selection for yield under drought stress can produce yield gains under stress without reducing yield potential. There was no secondary trait for which selection resulted in greater predicted response in yield under stress than direct selection for stress yield per se. A QTL was detected on chromosome 1 near sd1 that explained 32% of the genetic variation for yield under stress, but only 4% under non-stress. Its effect was consistent across years. This QTL accounted for much of the variation in drought yield not accounted for by variation in yield potential.  相似文献   

4.
【Objective】The objective of the study is to identify new genes related to heading date and yield related traits in rice, and to screen the elite rice lines carrying favorable alleles, therefore providing new genes and excellent germplasm for molecular marker-assisted (MAS) breeding.【Method】The multi-parent generation inter-crosses (MAGIC) population MAGIC-Hei was planted in 2017 and 2018 in Changsha, Hunan Province. Genome-wide association analysis was performed to detect the quantitative trait loci associated with heading date, number of tillers per plant, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS).【Results】Totally, 26 QTLs that control heading date and yield related traits were identified on all the chromosomes except chromosome 10 in the two years. Of these, 11 are new and qNTP9, associated with the number of effective panicles, was detected in the two years. qNTP9 was less affected by environment and could be used for further fine mapping and gene cloning. Based on the phenotypic and the SNP genotypes five elite lines carrying favorable alleles were selected, which could be used for future high-yielding rice breeding. 【Conclusion】The loci associated with heading date and yield related traits could be used for rice breeding.  相似文献   

5.
旱稻数量性状的遗传参数分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从广义遗传力、遗传相关、遗传进度和选择指数等几个方面,分析了57份旱稻品种的株高、有效穗数、主穗长度、主穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重和剑叶长/宽7个主要数量性状的遗传潜力和选择效果.分析结果表明：株高、剑叶长/宽、单株粒数、主穗长度、千粒重的广义遗传力较高,有效穗数、单株粒重的广义遗传力偏低;单株粒数、单株粒重、有效穗数3个主要产量构成因素的遗传变幅较大,在该群体中对这3个性状进行选择的潜力较大;产量性状中的单株粒数和千粒重与单株粒重本身均有一定的遗传潜力,预期遗传进度也较大,特别是单株粒数的预期遗传进度较大;单株粒重与单株粒数、千粒重间存在显著或极显著的遗传正相关,主穗长度与有效穗数间存在极显著的遗传负相关,因此可以通过提高单株粒数和千粒重来间断增加单株产量;用单株粒重与单株粒数、千粒重和有效穗数构成的选择指数进行综合选择,相对效率高达219.34%,比直接选择单株粒重提高了119.34%,显著高于对单株粒重的直接选择,因此采用这个指数对单株粒重进行间接选择效果较为理想.  相似文献   

6.
In order to study selection indices for improving rice grain yield, a cross was made between an Iranian traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety, Tarommahalli and an improved indica rice variety, Khazar in 2006. The traits of the parents (30 plants), F1 (30 plants) and F2 generations (492 individuals) were evaluated at the Rice Research institute of Iran (RRII) during 2007. Heritabilities of the number of panicles per plant, plant height, days to heading and panicle exsertion were greater than that of grain yield. The selection indices were developed using the results of multivariate analysis. To evaluate selection strategies to maximize grain yield, 14 selection indices were calculated based on two methods (optimum and base) and combinations of 12 traits with various economic weights. Results of selection indices showed that selection for grain weight, number of panicles per plant and panicle length by using their phenotypic and/or genotypic direct effects (path coefficient) as economic weights should serve as an effective selection criterion for using either the optimum or base index.  相似文献   

7.
Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  
The ideotype approach has been used in breeding programs at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and in China to improve rice yield potential. First-generation new plant type (NPT) lines developed from tropical japonica at IRRI did not yield well because of limited biomass production and poor grain filling. Progress has been made in second-generation NPT lines developed by crossing elite indica with improved tropical japonica. Several second-generation NPT lines outyielded the first-generation NPT lines and indica check varieties. China's “super” rice breeding project has developed many F1 hybrid varieties using a combination of the ideotype approach and intersubspecific heterosis. These hybrid varieties produced grain yield of 12 t ha−1 in on-farm demonstration fields, 8–15% higher than the hybrid check varieties. The success of China's “super” hybrid rice was partially the result of assembling the good components of IRRI's NPT design in addition to the use of intersubspecific heterosis. For example, both designs focused on large panicle size, reduced tillering capacity, and improved lodging resistance. More importantly, improvement in plant type design was achieved in China's “super” hybrid rice by emphasizing the top three leaves and panicle position within a canopy in order to meet the demand of heavy panicles for a large source supply. The success of “super” hybrid rice breeding in China and progress in NPT breeding at IRRI suggest that the ideotype approach is effective for breaking the yield ceiling of an irrigated rice crop.  相似文献   

8.
收集不同熟期、不同类型的BT型粳稻不育系(保持系)和恢复系,对亲本分别按不同性状进行聚类,比较分析不同类型亲本配组杂种后代的性状表现,结果表明:1)不同类型亲本配组,杂种的性状一般表现为中间类型;2)亲本的抽穗期、株高对杂种单株穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、单株产量、单株颖花量等多数产量性状无明显影响。亲本的穗粒结构对杂种的穗粒构成有明显影响,多穗型亲本间配组,杂种每穗总粒数及单株颖花量、产量潜力均较小;大穗型亲本间配组,杂种每穗总粒数及单株颖花量、产量潜力均较大;3)以多穗型不育系与大穗型恢复系配组,产量较高,是现有亲本配制杂交粳稻一种较好的配组方式;4)直立穗不育系与弯曲穗恢复系配组,杂种单株颖花量最多,产量潜力最大,而且株叶形态较好,如筛选到结实率高的组合,该配组方式的杂种具有较高的增产潜力。  相似文献   

9.
珍汕97/明恢63重组自交系群体根系性状对产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在群体水培条件下,以珍汕97/明恢63重组自交系群体的204个株系(F12,F13)为供试材料,研究重组自交系群体抽穗期根系有关性状与产量的关系,以期为水稻根系改良和根系数量性状基因定位提供依据.结果表明,影响产量的主要根系性状为单株根系活性、颖花根活量、每株根干重、最长不定根长、众数根长、每条不定根长及每条不定根粗,其中以单株根系活性对产量的影响最大;增加单株根系活性、每株根干重、最长不定根长和每条不定根粗能显著提高产量,增加颖花根活量、每条不定根长和众数根长将使产量显著下降.增加高产类型水稻抽穗期的每株根干重、每条不定根重、单位长度根重及单株根系活性能显著提高产量.每株根干重与高产水稻关系密切,而每株不定根数则与低产水稻关系密切.颖花根活量的增加对高产水稻株系的产量有提高作用,对中低产水稻则有负面影响.  相似文献   

10.
【目的】创制优质香型丝苗米水稻新种质，探索水稻育种改良新途径，助力广东丝苗米品牌建设。【方法】以广东省农业主导品种粤农丝苗(YNSM)与优质稻粤王丝苗(YWSM)为材料，利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术定点编辑上述品种的香味基因Badh2，创制香稻新品系，随后通过分子标记辅助选择(MAS)技术定向导入GW7/GL7位点，系谱选育优质香型丝苗米水稻新种质。【结果】利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术成功创制两个香稻新品系yn-kobadh2与yw-kobadh2，其2-AP含量均极显著提高，达到239.39～440.79μg/kg，而有效穗数、每穗实粒数、糙米外观品质、千粒重与产量等主要农艺性状均未受到显著影响；MAS技术结合系谱选育的方法成功选育两个丰产性好、籽粒长宽比超过4.3的优质香型丝苗米水稻新品系NWbadh2GW7-1与NWbadh2GW7-2，达到广东丝苗米品种关于香味与外观粒型的认定标准。【结论】利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑与分子辅助选择技术相结合可精准、高效地创制新的优...  相似文献   

11.
《Field Crops Research》1998,59(3):163-173
The value of germplasm-specific and general indexes of selection based on morphophysiological traits was assessed as an alternative to conventional yield-based selection for grain yield improvement of durum wheat in a semi-arid Mediterranean region. General indexes were developed from the evaluation of a collection of 503 landrace accessions. Specific indexes were also defined for each of the durum wheat types mediterraneum typicum and syriacum as well as for a third germplasm group including mostly Mediterranean material pertaining to neither of these types. Indexes included two or three traits among the following: displacement from optimal heading date (difference in absolute value of days from the mean heading date of three control cultivars), early growth vigour, kernels per spike and kernel weight, the two yield components being alternative to each other. The efficiency of selection criteria was assessed in another set of 64 entries in terms of predicted yield responses and actual yield gains over target environments other than that of selection. Each of the three environments acted by turns as the selection environment and the remaining two as the target environments. These environments allowed for the assessment of selection criteria over a wide range of seasonal rainfall and mean yield levels. Large genotype×environment interaction was observed for yield and early vigour. Ranking of selection indexes for predicted and actual yield responses were fairly consistent, indicating an advantage of general indexes. The best among them, including heading displacement and kernels per spike, was, on the average, 20% and 11% more efficient than yield-based selection in terms of predicted and actual responses, respectively. The advantage of this index was the consequence of the absence of covariation and the moderate to high values of genetic correlation with yield over target environments, heritability and ratio of genotypic to genotype×environment interaction variance of its component traits.  相似文献   

12.
针对辽西地区自然资源特点和谷子生产发展现状,对辽西春谷育种中育种目标的制定、杂交亲本来源及组配和后代性状选择等问题进行探讨。提出目前谷子育种目标应根据社会发展的要求进行合理调整,在高产、多抗、适应性强基础上重视优质米谷子品种的选育。在常规育种方法中通过塑造理想株型、提高群体光能利用率大幅度提高经济产量。  相似文献   

13.
Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of secondary traits that have high heritability and genetic correlation with grain yield can improve the precision with which Striga resistant genotypes are identified. Fifteen early cultivars were evaluated under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions for 2 years at Mokwa and Abuja, Nigeria. The objective was to examine their performance based on multiple traits under stress and non-stress conditions and analyze the interrelationship among traits using genotype-by-trait (GT) biplot so as to assess the value of traits used in the base index for selection for Striga resistance and improved grain yield (YLD). TZE-W DT STR C4 had the best performance based on multiple traits while TZE-W DT STR C4, TZE-Y DT STR C4, Multicob Early DT, and TZE-W DT STR QPM C0 were the closest to the ideal cultivar when Striga infested. Ears per plant, Striga damage at 8 and 10 weeks after planting, and ear aspect (EASP) were the most reliable traits for selecting for resistant genotypes. Striga emergence count at 8 and 10 weeks after planting were not among the reliable traits identified for selection for improved grain yield and their inclusion in the base index needs to be further verified. EASP had high correlation with grain yield and was one of the most reliable traits for selection for increased grain yield under Striga infestation and should be included in the index.  相似文献   

14.
以广西普通野生稻Y11为供体,籼型恢复系GH998为受体构建的166份野生稻渗入系BC3F5为研究对象,设置不施氮（LN）和正常施氮（NN）2种处理,调查株高、有效穗和穗长等12个表型性状,结合耐低氮（NDT）性状、氮素利用率（NUE）性状进行综合评价,以筛选出可利用的氮高效利用育种材料。结果表明：渗入系所有表型均值NN处理均高于LN处理,受施氮影响较大的性状为茎叶含氮量和谷物含氮量,增幅分别为56.89%和37.89%;影响较小的性状为穗长和千粒重,增幅分别为0.50%和2.76%;除穗长外,11个性状在2个施氮处理间呈极显著差异,而且穗总粒数、穗实粒数呈正态分布。渗入系NDT性状的相对生物产量（RBY）与相对生物含氮量（RBN）均值居于双亲之间,且RBN为正态分布;相对谷物产量（GRY）和相对谷物含氮量（RGN）均值高于双亲且趋近GH998,均为正态分布;说明渗入系的耐低氮能力与野生稻的高生物产量和高谷物含氮量特性相关。NUE性状均值处于双亲之间且趋近于GH998,说明氮素高效利用能力主要来源于栽培稻;NDT和NUE性状之间呈显著负相关,因此提高水稻耐低氮能力会降低氮高效利用率。NDT性状的主要影响因子是谷物含氮量和茎叶干重;NUE性状主要影响因子是有效穗、单株产量和谷物产量等。因此,依据研究结果对渗入系进行综合评价筛选,获得3个耐低氮、12个高氮素利用率和3个氮高效且耐低氮的株系,为水稻氮高效育种提供理论依据和育种材料。  相似文献   

15.
为明确黑龙江省第二积温带水稻高产育种目标,分析了黑龙江省第二积温带30个水稻品种的产量性状及其相关关系。结果表明,对水稻产量影响较大的第一主因子为每穗粒数,第二主因子为剑叶宽,第三主因子为千粒重,第四主因子为穗长,第五主因子为结实率,第六主因子为株高。在今后高产育种工作中,应将改良水稻株型及提高每穗粒数作为工作基础。  相似文献   

16.
Drought is a major production constraint in rainfed rice (Oryza sativa L.). Lack of effective selection criteria is a major limitation hampering progress in breeding for drought tolerance. In an earlier report, we showed in two populations that one cycle of direct selection was effective in increasing grain yield under stress. In the present study, we retested the efficiency of direct selection for grain yield under drought stress in rice using four populations derived from crossing upland-adapted, drought-tolerant varieties (Apo, Vandana) to high-yielding, lowland-adapted, drought-susceptible varieties (IR64, IR72). Each population was subjected to two cycles of divergent selection either under drought stress in upland or under nonstress conditions in lowland conditions. Following selection, approximately 40 high-yielding lines selected under each protocol from each population, along with a set of unselected lines, were evaluated in a series of selection response trials over a range of moisture levels. Significant response to direct selection under stress was realized in 9 out of 15 combinations of populations and stress environments, and in 6 of the 7 severe stress trials. Averaging over all the populations and stress environments, the stress-selected lines had a yield advantage of 25 and 37% over nonstress-selected and random lines, respectively. In contrast to this, under nonstress, the nonstress-selected lines had an average yield advantage of only 7 and 13% over stress-selected and random lines, respectively. Direct selection in managed stress trials during dry seasons gave significant response (25% on average relative to indirect selection in nonstress conditions) under naturally occurring wet season stress. In addition, direct selection under stress in upland gave an average gain of 16 and 45% over nonstress-selected and random lines, respectively, under stress in lowland. The yield advantage of the stress-selected lines appears to result mainly from maintenance of higher harvest index. These results show that direct selection for grain yield under stress is effective and does not reduce yield potential. Overall, this is the first report in rice demonstrating that (a) selection under managed drought stress in the dry season can result in yield gains under natural stress in the wet season, and (b) that selection under upland drought stress can, at least under the conditions of the present study, result in gains under lowland drought conditions.  相似文献   

17.
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a genetically diverse cereal crop grown in many semiarid regions of the world. Improving drought tolerance in sorghum is of prime importance. An association panel of about 300 sorghum genotypes from different races, representative of sorghum globally, was assembled for genetic studies. The objectives of this research were to (i) quantify the performance of the association panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) characterize the association panel for phenological, physiological and yield traits that might be associated with tolerance to limited moisture (drought), and (iii) identify genotypes with higher yield potential and stability under different environments that may be used in the sorghum breeding program. Results show large diversity for physiological and yield traits such as chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, grain numbers and grain weight per panicle, harvest index and yield. Significant differences were found for plant height, grain weight and numbers per panicle, harvest index, and grain yield among and within races. The US elite lines had the highest number of grains and grain weight per panicle while the guinea and bicolor races recorded the lowest. Harvest index and yield was highest for the US elite lines and the caudatum genotypes. Overall, there was a negative correlation between plant height and grain weight, grain numbers and yield. Harvest index and grain numbers were negatively affected by moisture limitation for all the races. Among the races, the caudatum genotypes were more stable in grain yield across the different environments. Overall, there was a wide variability within the association panel for physiological and yield traits that may prove to be useful for improving drought tolerance in sorghum.  相似文献   

18.
籼粳交重组自交系群体主要农艺性状分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
采用方差分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析等方法对籼粳交（Lemont×特青）构建的一套包括265个重组自交系（RIL）群体(F14)的株高、生育期、产量和产量构成因子等10个重要农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,除株高和有效穗以外,8个农艺性状在双亲之间均存在显著或极显著差异。各性状在RIL群体中呈连续变异,分布频率大致接近正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象。单株产量与结实率、粒数和株高呈极显著相关;除千粒重外,所有性状均与株高具有相关性。对单株产量作用大的性状依次为结实率、有效穗、每穗粒数和千粒重,这4个性状解释了单株产量90.7%的变异。另外还对6份优良株系进行了评价。这些结果可为水稻数量性状基因定位分析提供有用的信息,也为水稻育种改良提供理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
Use of Major Quantitative Trait Loci to Improve Grain Yield of Rice   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
Further improvement of rice productivity remains a challenge. Breeding is perceived as an important option to increase rice yield. However, the genetic progress of grain yield in most rice breeding programs was slow in the last decades. Although great progress in rice genomics and molecular biology has been achieved, the effect of such technological innovations on rice breeding is far small. Marker-assisted selection （MAS） for a few target quantitative trait loci （QTLs） has significant effects in improving qualitative traits, such as disease resistance. The success of MAS has therefore motivated breeders to identify and use major QTLs for yield and yield component traits. In this review, we summarized the recent methods in QTL identification, including novel statistical methods for linkage and association mapping, special population types, and whole-genome sequencing. We reviewed the successful application of marker-assisted gene introgression and gene pyramiding to improve grain yield and discussed the design of efficient MAS schemes to further increase the success rate of breeding programs. The use of well-characterized major QTLs through introgression and gene pyramiding is proven effective in improving grain yield, particularly yield under abiotic stress. Major QTLs that are stable across genetic background and growing environments are often found in less adapted germplasms, such as landraces and wild relatives. Advanced backcross QTL analysis and introgression lines, which integrate QTL discovery and utilization, are important methods for exploiting major QTLs contained in such germplasms. Next-generation sequencing substantially increases mapping resolution and accelerates the identification of casual genes underlying major QTLs. Practical guidelines derived from theoretical and empirical studies are given to guide the design of efficient marker-assisted gene introgression and pyramiding schemes.  相似文献   

20.
The evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars assists breeders in identifying useful trait relationships and in selecting parents as donors of specific traits. This study was conducted to compare long-grain rice cultivars using genotype × trait (GT) biplot analysis and determine potential donors of traits related to grain yield and quality. Seventeen cultivars in the 2005 and 2006 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in Beaumont, Texas, USA were analyzed for 20 traits using GT biplot analysis. The GT biplots showed the diversity among cultivars with regards to yield-related traits. Cultivars recommended as donor parents were: Trenasse, Spring, Presidio, and Cocodrie for high grain yield and head rice rate; Trenasse and Presidio for semi-dwarfness; Banks for tall plant height; Wells for high flag leaf area, panicle weight, and number and mass of filled grains per panicle; Hidalgo for high tiller density; Francis for high number of spikelets per panicle; Spring and Trenasse for short flowering duration; Cheniere for more days to heading and maturity and Spring for less days; and Spring and Hidalgo for high grain weight. Breeders can use these cultivars with specific traits to increase grain yield and quality.  相似文献   

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