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1.
为了解遮光、渍水及其互作对小麦幼苗形态及生长性状的影响,以长江中下游不同年代小麦品种扬麦1号(20世纪70年代)、扬麦158(20世纪90年代)和扬辐麦4号(21世纪正在应用)为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了遮光、渍水后小麦幼苗主茎叶龄、单株茎蘖数、单株次生根数、苗高、叶面积、干物重、比叶重和根冠比的变化。结果表明,遮光处理显著延缓幼苗叶龄,抑制分蘖的发生,而渍水处理影响不显著;遮光和渍水处理均显著降低单株次生根数、叶面积、比叶重及地上部和根干重,遮光影响程度重于渍水,遮光和渍水同时处理仅对比叶重、地上部和根干重、根冠比表现出一定的累加效应。处理结束后经20d恢复,仅不遮光+渍水处理下叶龄、苗高和比叶重基本恢复到正常生长水平;不遮光+渍水处理下单株次生根数及各处理下根干重表现出恢复趋势。不同品种间幼苗形态和生长性状表现出显著的差异。扬辐麦4号和扬麦158单株次生根数和比叶重均显著高于扬麦1号。不同处理下扬辐麦4号幼苗形态和生长性状相比正常生长幼苗的变化幅度总体上小于其他品种,表现出较好的苗期抗渍及抗弱光能力。 相似文献
2.
《作物研究》2020,(4)
为研究白及幼苗生长的表征指标,以紫花三叉白及幼苗为试材,在7个取样小区初期长势已评Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级基础上,将传统根冠比细分为新根根冠比、块茎根冠比、总根冠比,分析其动态特征,对主要生长性状指标和根冠比指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:大田环境中,初苗期至倒苗期白及幼苗新根根冠比均增大;倒苗期中三类根冠比均以Ⅰ级小区(A_3)最大,块茎和总根冠比以Ⅲ级小区(D_2)最小,新根根冠比以Ⅱ级小区(D_1)最小,主要生长性状指标均以Ⅰ级小区(B)最大,Ⅲ级小区(D_2)最小;相关性分析表明,不同根冠比指标间互呈正相关,根冠比与生长性状指标中仅有新根生物量与新根根冠比存在显著正相关,因此,新根根冠比可更好地表征白及幼苗的生长。 相似文献
3.
为了解青蒿素对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,运用室内培养皿法,分析了不同浓度的青蒿素溶液浸种后小麦种子发芽率及幼苗高度、根长、整株鲜重、根和茎鲜重及干重、根系活力等指标的变化。结果表明,青蒿素对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长有抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越显著。与无菌水对照相比,青蒿素浸种处理显著降低了小麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根长、根鲜重和茎的鲜、干重,增加了根干重和根冠比。小麦的根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量随青蒿素浓度的增加而递减,可溶性糖含量则随之递增,叶绿素含量则呈先升高后降低的趋势,以20mg·L-1处理含量最高。此外,青蒿素浸种处理对小麦幼苗各项指标的影响与15mg·L-1多效唑相似。 相似文献
4.
内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导提高玉米苗期抗旱性研究初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽试验,初步研究内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导提高玉米抗旱性的效应。结果显示,在自然干旱胁迫下,根长、根鲜重、根干重、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素含量等指标接种印度梨形孢的玉米幼苗比未接种的明显增加,差异达到显著、极显著水平;根干重、叶绿素含量等性状,接种印度梨形孢干旱胁迫处理的幼苗显著地高于未接种干旱处理,表明印度梨形孢真菌具有促进玉米幼苗生长的作用,能有效增强玉米幼苗的抗旱性。 相似文献
5.
采用盆栽试验对生长在不同粒径团聚体干旱土壤中大豆出苗和幼苗生长指标进行研究。结果表明,在低土壤含水量条件下,与大粒径团聚体和未筛土壤相比,小粒径团聚体（尤其1～2 mm）显著提高大豆出苗率（P＜0.05）,缩短出苗时间,显著增加冠干重、苗高及叶面积,显著增加总根长和根表面积,但显著降低主根直径和根干重（P＜0.05）。说明大粒径团聚体不利于干旱土壤大豆出苗和幼苗生长,种床内小粒径团聚体可部分地补偿土壤干旱对大豆出苗和幼苗生长造成的危害。 相似文献
6.
土壤团聚体大小对大豆出苗和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽试验对生长在不同粒径团聚体干旱土壤中大豆出苗和幼苗生长指标进行研究.结果表明,在低土壤含水量条件下,与大粒径团聚体和未筛土壤相比,小粒径团聚体(尤其1～2mm)显著提高大豆出苗率(P＜0.05),缩短出苗时间,显著增加冠干重、苗高及叶面积,显著增加总根长和根表面积,但显著降低主根直径和根干重(P＜0.05).说明大粒径团聚体不利于干旱土壤大豆出苗和幼苗生长,种床内小粒径团聚体可部分地补偿土壤干旱对大豆出苗和幼苗生长造成的危害. 相似文献
7.
蚓粪对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确添加蚓粪对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响机理，通过向基质中分别添加10%、20%、40%（苗死亡）比例的蚓粪，同时设不添加蚓粪的单盐胁迫处理和空白对照处理（CK），分析了添加蚓粪后盐胁迫（150 mmol·L-1 NaCl）下小麦生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶面积，地上和地下部干重、根冠比）、气体交换参数及光合色素含量的变化。结果表明，盐胁迫下小麦幼苗各生长指标与CK相比略有下降，但差异不显著。添加蚓粪后，小麦幼苗叶长、叶宽、叶面积、地上部分干重、总干重以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及类胡萝卜素含量较未添加蚓粪处理均呈明显的上升趋势，而根冠比则呈下降的趋势。添加蚓粪对盐胁迫下小麦叶片气体交换也产生了显著的影响。盐胁迫下，小麦叶片净光合速率显著低于CK，但添加蚓粪后，净光合速率呈明显的上升趋势。这说明基质中添加适量蚓粪可以有效促进小麦幼苗生长和光合作用。 相似文献
8.
对9个大豆品种的发芽和苗期的耐寒性进行了鉴定,在常温(25℃)和低温(10℃)胁迫下分别测定了种子发芽特性及幼苗素质的各项指标.以各性状低温与常温下测定值的比值(相对值)作为耐寒性评价指标..结果表明,在低温逆境下,苗比根对低温更敏感,耐寒品种的根和幼苗总干重未下降.通过聚类分析,解决了由于性状相对值差异微小而难以评价大豆耐寒性的问题,将品种分成了耐寒、中等耐寒和低温敏感3类.相关性分析表明,相对发芽率、相对幼苗全长、相对地上部苗高、相对地上部苗干重及相对根干重之间显著正相关,是较好的耐寒性评价指标. 相似文献
9.
对来自贵州、湖北3个地理种源的伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis)在贵州都匀进行了苗期试验。结果表明，伯乐树从子叶出土到当年幼苗停止生长可分为“出苗期”、“生长初期”、“速生期”和“生长后期”4个阶段，径生长比高生长提早约10 d进入速生期而晚10 d停止生长；3个地理种源种子性状差异主要体现在千粒重和种子大小上，贵州2个种源明显大于湖北五峰种源；贵州2个种源苗高和地径各阶段生长期基本一致，湖北五峰种源比贵州2个种源高生长晚进入速生期，且提早停止生长；种源间与种源内均存在较大的变异；种 相似文献
10.
增强小麦种子萌发期抗旱性的植物生长调节物质的筛选与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选能增强小麦萌发期抗旱性的植物生长调节物质,以绵麦228为材料,选用21种植物生长调节物质浸种24h,以清水浸种为对照,在20%PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下,测定各处理的小麦种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数及苗高、胚芽鞘长度、根长、根数、根冠比、种子贮藏物质转运率等性状,并通过加权隶属函数法评价21种生长调节物质增强小麦萌发期抗旱性的综合效果。结果表明,在PEG6000胁迫下,供试的大部分植物生长调节物质均能在一定程度上增强小麦种子萌发期的抗旱能力,表现为种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数提高,苗高、胚芽鞘长度、根长和根数增加,根冠比、贮藏物质转运速率增大;不同植物生长调节物质对小麦萌发期抗旱能力的调控程度存在一定差异。通过加权隶属函数法分析,综合评价值(D值)排在前5位的植物生长调节物质分别为乙烯利、黄腐酸、氯化胆碱、赤霉素、吲哚丁酸·萘乙酸。除根长、根冠比外,其他鉴定指标与D值均呈显著或极显著正相关,其中苗高的相关系数最大(0.80),因此种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、胚芽鞘长度、根数、种子贮藏物质转运率等指标可作为植物生长调节物质浸种调控小麦萌发期抗旱性的评价指标。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献