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1.
以不同耐虫性的水稻品种为试验材料，研究了水稻品种受褐飞虱危害后体内生理指标的变化。结果表明，稻株受害后感虫品种TN1、秀水11、汕优63的叶片叶绿素含量下降率达20％以上，而抗虫品种ASD7、IR64和具有较强耐虫性品种培矮64S／32E的叶绿素含量下降率在10％以下；受害稻株的三种保护酶活性变化不同，SOD酶活性均增加，其中以汕优63和IR64增加最显著。POD酶和CAT酶活性有增有减，除TN1、ASD7、培矮64S／32E品种的POD酶活性和秀水11的CAT酶活性下降外，其他品种的POD和CAT酶活性均增加。受害稻株叶片可溶性蛋白质、非可溶性蛋白质和蛋白质总量均下降；受害稻株游离脯氨酸含量的变化也不同，培矮64S／32E和IR64两个品种的脯氨酸含量减少，其他品种的游离脯氨酸含量都明显增加，且与稻株受害程度呈正相关。 相似文献
2.
为明确不同水稻品种与褐飞虱的相互作用关系,以水稻品种TN1(感虫品种)、中浙优1号(生产主栽品种)和IR56(抗虫品种)为研究对象,分别采用蒽酮法和葡萄糖分析试剂测定了褐飞虱取食不同水稻品种后对褐飞虱和稻株体内的海藻糖含量及海藻糖酶活性的影响。结果显示,被褐飞虱取食后,IR56和中浙优1号的海藻糖酶活性分别由无虫状态下的3.56、4.34 nmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1)显著升高至7.53、6.05 nmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1),海藻糖含量分别由12.10、5.14 nmol/μg降至3.14、2.43 nmol/μg,而TN1的海藻糖酶活性由1.46 nmol/μg显著升高至3.05 nmol/μg,海藻糖含量无明显变化。取食TN1、IR56和中浙优1号后,褐飞虱体内的海藻糖含量分别为0.53、0.28和0.20nmol/μg,取食后二者的褐飞虱体内海藻糖含量与TN1组相比较均显著降低;且褐飞虱体内海藻糖酶活性以及3个海藻糖酶基因在mRNA水平均显著低于TN1组。表明海藻糖及海藻糖酶在褐飞虱与抗虫水稻的相互作用中可能发挥着重要的调控作用。 相似文献
3.
共生菌对褐飞虱生长发育和生殖的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对褐飞虱田间种群和生物型1在缺乏共生菌情况下取食不同抗性水稻品种后的生长发育和生殖的研究结果表明，取食抗性品种的褐飞虱体内共生菌数量均明显比取食感虫品种TN1的褐飞虱少，而取食抗性品种IR26、Mudgo和ASD7的2龄田间种群褐飞虱若虫的共生菌减少量均超过了50％。在感虫和抗虫水稻品种上，缺乏共生菌的褐飞虱若虫历期均显著长于正常若虫历期，若虫存活率、雌成虫体重、生长速率和产卵量均显著低于正常褐飞虱。正常的褐飞虱田间种群和生物型1在取食感虫和抗虫品种时的若虫历期均无显著差异，但缺乏共生菌的生物型1在取食抗虫品种Mudgo和ASD7时的若虫历期显著长于取食感虫品种TN1时的若虫历期。推测共生菌在褐飞虱适应水稻抗性品种的过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
4.
为研究褐飞虱为害程度对水稻根系形态指标的影响及其与抗虫性的关系,以感虫品种TN1和3个对褐飞虱具有不同抗性的水稻品种为试验材料,采用育秧盘穴播种供试水稻,接虫7d后采样,调查记录不同处理下水稻根系形态指标变化。未接虫时,各苗龄抗虫品种的最长根长、根干重和长度大于2cm的根总数均显著大于感虫品种TN1;接虫后,不同苗龄抗感水稻品种的根系形态指标均随接虫密度的增加而减少,但抗虫品种的各项指标均显著大于感虫品种。苗期根系形态指标与水稻品种抗虫性有关;接虫密度对各抗虫品种根系形态指标有影响,但各抗虫品种仍保持抗虫的稳定。 相似文献
5.
褐飞虱和白背飞虱在抗褐飞虱水稻品种上的行为反应 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
以ASD7、IR36、粳籼89(JX89)、Mudgo四个抗褐飞虱水稻品种和感性品种TN1为材料,比较了褐飞虱和白背飞虱在这些品种上的行为反应。褐飞虱对抗性品种表现出明显的非嗜好性。褐飞虱自4h、白背飞虱自8h以后,各品种上的着虫量与TN1差异显著,而其它各品种上的虫量无明显差异(Mudgo除外)。白背飞虱选择各抗性品种的百分率明显大于褐飞虱(Mudgo除外);同一水稻品种上的稻飞虱数量无时间上的规律性。两种稻飞虱在抗性品种和TN1上的取食量差异显著。取食同一品种时,白背飞虱在IR36、JX89上的取食量大于褐飞虱,且相互间差异显著。两种稻飞虱在四个抗性品种上的取食痕数量明显多于TN1;两种飞虱在ASD7和JX89上的取食痕数量差异显著,白背飞虱的数量明显少于褐飞虱。在所有水稻品种上的取食痕数量与取食量呈明显的负相关关系。 相似文献
6.
水稻叶鞘3种氧化还原酶活性在褐飞虱胁迫中的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为阐明水稻抗褐飞虱的机制,分析了褐飞虱为害对感、抗虫水稻品种叶鞘中3种保护酶活性的影响。采用苗期群体接虫方法对水稻品种进行抗性鉴定,在此基础上测定了褐飞虱为害前后水稻叶鞘中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。受褐飞虱为害后,抗虫和感虫品种叶鞘中SOD活性均上升,表明无论是抗性植株还是感性植株在清除超氧阴离子自由基方面都具有较强的能力;POD活性在抗虫品种中下降,而在感虫品种中增加,表明抗性品种较感性品种具有更强的酶促抗氧化性能,从而对褐飞虱胁迫具有更强的适应能力。CAT活性在抗虫品种中增加,而在感虫品种中大幅下降,这与其对褐飞虱抗性弱密切相关。 相似文献
7.
8.
在人工气候室条件下,以抗虫转cry1Ab水稻（MF86）及其亲本对照非转基因水稻闽恢3301（MH3301）为材料,利用年龄-龄期两性生命表,研究水稻瘤矮病毒介导的转cry1Ab水稻对非靶标害虫褐飞虱种群的影响。研究结果表明,感病水稻对取食MH3301的褐飞虱种群寿命影响不显著,促进了其生殖力;而显著缩短了取食MF86的褐飞虱寿命,降低了其生殖力。水稻在不感病的情况下,取食MF86较取食MH3301的褐飞虱种群可显著延长寿命和提高生殖力;而水稻在感病的情况下,取食MF86较取食MH3301的褐飞虱种群生殖力显著降低。感病的MF86较未感病MF86显著降低褐飞虱的内禀增长率、周限增长率,显著缩短世代平均周期;而感病的MH3301较未感病MH3301对褐飞虱生命表动态参数的影响基本均不显著。由此可见,水稻瘤矮病毒介导的转cry1Ab水稻（MF86）对褐飞虱种群增殖具有显著的负面影响。 相似文献
9.
在高温下干旱胁迫对褐飞虱生态适应性的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为明确高温条件下干旱胁迫对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (St(a)l)生态适应性的影响,以感虫水稻品种TN1、抗虫品种IR36和耐旱品种沪旱3号为材料,采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(polyethyleneglycol,PEG)6000模拟干旱处理水稻植株,在31℃温度下研究干旱胁迫对褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖的影响.结果表明,褐飞虱若虫发育历期随PEG 6000浓度的升高而延长.在TN1和IR36上,褐飞虱若虫存活率在20％ PEG 6000处理7d时最低,为58.25％和28.25％,而在沪旱3号上则以PEG6000处理3d时最低,为48.75％,但各处理中IR36上褐飞虱若虫存活率均低于在TN1和沪旱3号上的存活率.在10％ PEG 6000胁迫7d时褐飞虱在3个品种上初羽雌成虫体重均最轻,分别为1.86、1.26和1.93 mg;20％PEG 6000胁迫7d时产卵量最低,分别为215.9、85.9和227.9粒/雌.褐飞虱卵孵化率随着PEG 6000浓度的升高而降低,且在同一品种上相同浓度PEG 6000处理3、5和7d,均无显著差异.褐飞虱种群增长倍数随着PEG 6000浓度的升高而下降. 相似文献
10.
为明确抗褐飞虱水稻品种Mudgo和感褐飞虱水稻品种TN1释放的挥发物中化学组分的差异,筛选鉴定对褐飞虱具有功能效应的活性化合物。本研究通过顶空动态收集装置获取Mudgo和TN1水稻的挥发物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）筛选、鉴定水稻挥发物的活性组分,基于筛选鉴定出的Mudgo与TN1水稻挥发物中的差异活性化合物,采用Y型嗅觉仪对其进行功能验证。本研究在两水稻品种的挥发物中共筛选鉴定到52种化合物,其中Mudgo和TN1分别鉴定到27种,仅在Mudgo挥发物中存在的化合物有10种,仅在TN1挥发物中存在的化合物有15种。基于Mudgo和TN1水稻挥发物的差异活性组分鉴定结果,筛选出11种活性化合物进行功能验证。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果表明：低浓度（2μL/mL）的芳樟醇、高浓度（200μL/mL）的β-倍半水芹烯和水杨酸甲酯这3种化合物对褐飞虱具有显著的驱避作用,可发展用于褐飞虱防治的驱避剂;D-柠檬烯、β-石竹烯和高浓度的2-庚酮、2-乙基苯胺和姥鲛烷这5种化合物对褐飞虱具有显著的引诱作用,可发展用于褐飞虱防治的引诱剂。该研究可为褐飞虱的绿色防控和害虫综合治理提供科学数据和理论依据... 相似文献
11.
T. Santi-Gadelha B.A.M. RochaC.A.A. Gadelha H.C. SilvaR.E.R. Castellon F.J.T. GonçalvesD.O. Toyama M.H. ToyamaA.J.F. de Souza L.O.S. BeriamJ.L. Martins P.P. JoazeiroB.S. Cavada 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(1):15-22
Acacia farnesiana lectin-like protein (AFAL) showed bacterioestatic effects against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Gram-negative) and Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis (Gram-positive), with the latter being more sensitive. This effect is probably due to the ability of AFAL to interact with the bacterial cell wall where we observed that AFAL induced macroscopic change. The maximum bacterial growth inhibition was approximately 78% when incubated with Gram-negative strains, and as high as 92% percent for the Gram-positive one. The antibacterial effect of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and morin) was also observed using low concentrations against both bacterial strains. Prior incubation of both with AFAL at high concentrations increases the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on bacterial growth. The potential use of AFAL as a control agent against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was investigated as well, showing anti-nematode properties involving both egg hatching and motility. In the juvenile second-stage, AFAL showed reduction in larval mobility when measured against a control group. The results suggest that AFAL is effective against M. incognita and could be used as a component of integrated pest management programs. These data also suggest that lectins probably play a role in plant defense not only against invertebrate phytopathogens, herbivores and fungi but also against bacteria. 相似文献
12.
枯草芽胞杆菌对离体荔枝果实霜疫霉病、炭疽病的防治效果 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了进一步明确从土壤中筛选得到的拮抗细菌OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6的分类地位和生防效果,采用形态学观察、理化特性结合分子生物学方法,鉴定这4株细菌皆为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillussubitilis.拮抗菌对荔枝霜疫霉菌、炭疽菌菌丝生长均具有明显抑制作用,ON-6菌株的发酵液对菌丝生长的抑制率最高,分别为92.34％和70.36％,其次是OR-1菌株.拮抗菌处理组褐变指数均小于对照组以及杀菌剂处理组,且差异达显著水平(P＜0.05),OR-1菌株防褐变效果最好.常温下,拮抗菌发酵液对离体鲜果病害防治效果优于对照组和杀菌剂处理组,其中ON-6菌株的防治效果最佳;4℃低温储藏处理40天后,拮抗菌发酵液处理组的防治效果高于对照和杀菌剂处理组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),以ON-6和ON-3菌株的防治效果最佳.表明拮抗菌发酵液对荔枝鲜果上的霜疫霉菌和炭疽病菌有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
13.
Rui-xian Dong Juan Chen Xu-ming WangJin-shan Li Jie ZhouYong Yang Chu-lang YuYe Cheng Cheng-qi YanJian-ping Chen 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2012,77(1):33-40
Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization from an elite japonica rice cultivar (Dalixiang) and a wild rice (Oryza meyeriana), which shows high resistance to bacterial blight. It has a similar genetic background to its recurrent parent, Dalixiang, but Y73 has a high resistance to both bacterial blight and Agrobacterium. The transformation efficiency of Y73 was 35.7%, while Dalixiang had higher transformation efficiency (71.2%) under the same co-cultivation temperature (25 °C). These results indicate that the resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Y73 was linked with its characteristic of bacterial blight resistance, and was obtained from its donor parent, O. meyeriana. Further studies also showed that the resistance to A. tumefaciens was weakened at a lower temperature (20 °C). To study its molecular mechanism, the expression levels of genes associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (OsMPKs, OsVIP1s and OsPR1s) in rice were investigated by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The expression levels of OsMPK genes remained unchanged at different temperatures, while all OsVIP1s and almost all OsPR1s were up-regulated and transformation efficiency of Y73 was increased notably when infected by Agrobacterium at 20 °C compared with 25 °C. This study suggests that the bacterial blight resistance genes in Y73 also have an effect on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and that the response to temperature is associated with the regulation of MAPK/VIP1 defense signaling pathway. 相似文献
14.
Seyyedeh Masoumeh Hasheminia Jalal Jalali Sendi Khalil Talebi JahromiSaeid Moharramipour 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(3):244-249
The biological effects of two important medicinal plants, Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium (L.) (viz, mortality, growth, and feeding indices as well as enzyme and non-enzymatic activities) were studied on small white Pieris rapae L a deleterious pest of cruciferous plants under controlled conditions (16:8 h L:D at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). The LC50 and LC25 values were 9.387% and 3.645% for A. annua L. and 4.19% and 1.69% for A. millefolium (L.), respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.625%), the deterrency was 29.826% and 44.185% for A. annua L. and A. millefolium (L.), respectively. Feeding indices were variously affected with changes in a number of parameters and an increase in larval and pupal duration. The activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased sharply while alanin and aspartate aminotransferases showed a sharp decrease. For non-enzymatic compounds, the amount of glucose and uric acid increased, but total protein and cholesterol decreased. These results indicate that these two medicinal plants might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for controlling potential insect pests. 相似文献
15.
Atsushi Seino An Jang Tan Yoshiaki Kono Takahiro Shiotsuki 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(1):92-101
Two acetylcholinesterases (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) cDNAs were identified and cloned from silkworm, Bombyx mori. One of those, BmAChE-o cDNA, is comprised of 3197 nucleotides which encode 638 amino acids, having an amino acid sequence homology of 72% with Drosophila melanogaster Ace-orthologous AChE (AO-AChE). In some species, another AChE group based on the sequence, Drosophila Ace-paralogous AChE (AP-AChE) has been recognized in relation to organophosphate- or carbamate-resistance, but there have been few reports of AP-AChE among lepidopteran species. However, we isolated the AP-AChE from lepidopteran silkworm, and cloned full ORF as BmAChE-p, which cDNA consisted of 2465 nucleotides that encode 683 amino acids. The homologies with other AP-AChEs were over 60% when compared. Although silkworm is not a target of pesticides, the genomic information obtained in this study will contribute to insecticide-resistance study on lepidopteran pest species. 相似文献
16.
采用固相微萃取(SPME)和GC-MS分析研究木枣和酸枣挥发物成分,并测试枣镰翅小卷蛾触角电位(EAG)反应、寄主趋向和产卵选择,以探明枣镰翅小卷蛾的寄主选择机制。结果显示,在萌芽期,木枣和酸枣嫩叶的挥发成分均为罗勒烯、2-甲基-2-菠烯、α-法呢烯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4种,但相对含量稍有不同。枣镰翅小卷蛾成虫对木枣和酸枣2种寄主都有强烈的EAG反应,且同一寄主上雌蛾的EAG反应值极显著地高于雄蛾,其EAG值是雄蛾的3.3倍。枣镰翅小卷蛾对木枣表现强烈的趋向反应,而对酸枣的趋向不明显,且雌虫的趋向反应显著高于雄虫。木枣上的产卵量显著高于酸枣,且木枣枣吊上的单雌产卵量为307.9粒,极显著地高于酸枣枣吊上的产卵量(182.9粒)。研究表明,枣镰翅小卷蛾雌蛾在寄主选择中起主导作用,木枣是其嗜好寄主。 相似文献
17.
Fayez A. Bakry Ragaa T. MohamedKarem El-Hommossany 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(2):174-180
The molluscicidal activity of cold water, boiled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of Solanum siniacum and Artemisia judaica L. plants against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails was carried out. The tests revealed plant’s ethanol extract was more toxic to the snails than the other tested extracts. Therefore, it was tested against snails’ fecundity (Mx), reproduction rate (R0) and their infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. In addition, biochemical parameters and the activities of some enzymes in tissues of snails treated with the two tested plants were determined. As well, glucose concentration in snails’ hemolymph was evaluated. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to plant’s ethanol extract led to a significant reduction in their survival and snails’ fecundity, reproduction rate. In addition, it caused a considerable reduction in the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to the snails. Also, it caused a reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The results revealed that the glucose concentration in hemolymph and Lactate level in soft tissues of treated snails were increased (P < 0.001) while glycogen, total protein, the lipid content and the pyruvate level in snail’s tissues decreased (P < 0.001). The activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvatekinase (PK) and cytochrome oxidase (CY) enzymes in homogenate of snail’s tissues were reduced (P < 0.001) in response to treatment with the two tested plants while protease (PR) activity increased (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the application of LC25 of ethanol extract of S. siniacum and A. judaica L. may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biology and physiology. 相似文献
18.
菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌在土壤和植株残体中的越冬能力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评估菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种或褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种在土壤及植物残体中的越冬能力,对采自黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、河北及新疆的18块菜豆生产田的20份土壤及14份植物残体样品进行病原菌分离和鉴定。在MT选择性培养基上有12个土壤样品和13个植株残体样品提取液产生典型的类似黄单胞菌菌落。选取29个分离物进行致病性测定,有27个分离物对菜豆品种"英国红"致病。利用地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种和褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种的特异性引物X4c/X4e及褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种特异性引物Xf1/Xf2对29个分离物进行多重PCR检测,其中17个分离物为地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种,10个分离物为褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种。结果表明,菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌可以在黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、河北的一些菜豆种植区的土壤及植株残体中越冬存活。 相似文献
19.
加州新小绥螨对柑橘全爪螨的控制潜力 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了确定加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor)的国内品系在生物防治中的潜力,采用捕食者功能反应方法,研究了加州新小绥螨、江原钝绥螨Amblyseius eharai Amitai et Swirski、尼氏真绥螨Euseius nicholsi (Ehara et Lee)和拟长毛钝绥螨A.pseudolongispinosus Xin,Liang et Ke对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri AaGregor的捕食作用,加州新小绥螨对柑橘全爪螨的功能反应可以很好地拟合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,对柑橘全爪螨卵的捕食能力显著高于其它3种捕食螨,4种捕食螨对柑橘全爪螨卵的功能反应参数a/Th分别为20.8342、6.9458、0和6.1634;加州新小绥螨对柑橘全爪螨卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨和成螨功能反应分别为20.8342、42.0721、29.1849、22.1204和5.6284.加州新小绥螨密度越大,柑橘全爪螨种群数量下降越快,在益、害比为5∶30下,柑橘全爪螨种群数量在第4天就能得到控制.结果表明,加州新小绥螨国内品系对柑橘全爪螨表现出很大的控制潜力. 相似文献
20.
为阐明苏云金杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)与白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的协同作用,分别用103~108孢子/m L的6个Bt浓度处理美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea 2龄幼虫后,通过室内试验测定了Bt对其致死、亚致死效应,及亚致死浓度Bt对寄生蜂子代出蜂的影响。结果表明,浓度106孢子/m L处理组美国白蛾均未能化蛹;而106孢子/m L处理组均能化蛹并羽化,且幼虫发育历期随Bt浓度的增加而延长,平均蛹重在74.92~92.18 mg之间,均高于对照的68.66 mg,但蛹重不呈线性规律变化。当Bt对美国白蛾平均校正死亡率低于17.17%时,幼虫发育历期延迟不明显,但平均蛹重为101.11~124.34 mg,均高于对照;接蜂后能够正常出蜂,出蜂率为33.13%~51.25%,每蛹出蜂量为117.43~143.42头,均显著高于对照。表明用平均校正死亡率低于20%的Bt处理对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄生有利,2种生防措施协同作用存在增效潜力。 相似文献