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1.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(2)
[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effect of photoperiod and temperature on male fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile line Vtai911289a in wheat and discuss the mechanism of male fertility alteration. [Method] The sowing-date tests and designed conditions were conducted during 2003-2005. [Result] Fertility of Vtai911289acould alter under specific photoperiod and temperature conditions. Temperature is one of the main factors influencing male fertility of the male sterile lines. Vtai911289a showed stable sterility under the condition of the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 19 ℃ and presented partial fertility when the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 20-22 ℃. Photoperiod to some extent affects the male fertility of Vtai911289a,long-day condition is helpful for the male fertility of the sterile line. [Conclusion] The application of photoperiod temperature-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile line in production has a higher safety than that of temperature sensitive sterile line. 相似文献
2.
Preliminary Studies on the Effect of Photoperiod and Temperature on Male Fertility of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line in Wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effect of photoperiod and temperature on male fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile line Vtai911289a in wheat and discuss the mechanism of male fertility alteration. [Method] The sowing-date tests and designed conditions were conducted during 2003-2005. [Result] Fertility of Vtai911289acould alter under specific photoperiod and temperature conditions. Temperature is one of the main factors influencing male fertility of the male sterile lines. Vtai911289a showed stable sterility under the condition of the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 19 ℃ and presented partial fertility when the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 20-22 ℃. Photoperiod to some extent affects the male fertility of Vtai911289a,long-day condition is helpful for the male fertility of the sterile line. [Conclusion] The application of photoperiod temperature-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile line in production has a higher safety than that of temperature sensitive sterile line. 相似文献
3.
In order to find out a new pathway for utilizing heterosis of Zinnia elegans and accelerate breeding process, the mechanism of anther development of a male sterile line was explored. Backcross, sibmating, selling of fertile plants and testcross with inbred lines were analyzed and identified in the field, and cytology was observed. Recessive nucleus male sterile line AH209AB capable of being a maintainer was obtained by successive backcrosses with male sterile plants and fertile F1 plants as male parents. Cytological and anatomical studies indicated that： （1） The wall of normal anther was constituted of four layers of cells such as epidermis, powder chamber wall, middle level and tapetum cells. The process in meiosis of pollen mother cell in Zinnia elegans was normal and cytoplasm divided simultanously. Mature pollen grain was tricellular type. （2） The petal of male sterile plant degraded as a thread-like structure, the stamens were villiform in appearance and no pollens were formed. The result showed that the anther of male sterile plant no longer proceed to differentiate spore mother cell and the pollen sac after the formation of the tissue of sporogenous cells, there was no evident boundary between tapetum cell, middle lamella and inner wall of PMC, tapetal cells did not develop from the very beginning. So the abortion type was completely structural male sterility. The male sterile line belongs to non-sporange male sterile type and is of great use in F1 seeds production. 相似文献
4.
基于体细胞组织培养的甘蓝型油菜核三系保持系绵7MB-1亲本繁殖与F_1制种(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[Objective] The aim was to study the reproduction of the three-line genic male sterile (GMS) line parent Mian 7MB-1 (B.Napus L.) and the seed production of F1 through somatic tissue culture. [Method] Through hybridization, a new breeding material Mian 7MB-1 in three-line genic temporary maintainer line propagated by tissue culture was used to improve the sterile plant rate of rapeseed in dual-purpose recessive GMS line, such as Mian 7AB type, S45AB type, and etc. And then the variety comparative test was performed. [Result] In order to avoid some fertility restoration phenomena occurring during the process of self-reproduction, Mian 7AB was propagated in bulk with somatic tissue culture of temporary maintainer line plant stem. The propagated temporary maintainer line seedlings were applied to the breeding and seed production of net room male sterile line parent, promoting the sterile plant rate of the male sterile line parent to 91.7%-93.5%. The male sterile line parents per hectare were enough for the seed production of hybrid F1 in 7 500-15 000 hm2. [Conclusion] Compared with the original dual-purpose GMS line, the seed production ultilizing male sterile line with high sterile plant rate greatly reduced the labor, significantly improved the seed yield, ensuring the seed quality and forming a perfect breeding and seed production system. 相似文献
5.
14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were used as female parents, 8 tester lines as male parents, 101 F1 progenies were obtained. Fertility restoration response of 101 F1 progenies were investigated through field observation and pollen stainability examination under microscope. 14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were developed by repeated backcross with recurrent male parent lines for more than 8 generations. The result shows: tester line Zifeng1 not only restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear sterile lines of group C backcrossed with Mo17, Yu30 and Heer, but also completely restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasm male sterile lines of group T backcrossed with Mo17, HZS , 1792 ,292 and Yu30. Therefore, nuclear background limits the use of Zifeng1 as a tester for identification of cytoplasmic male sterility. Furthermore RFLPs of mitochondrial DNA of 6 isonuclear and alloplasmic cytoplasmic male sterile lines were analyzed with Bam H Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ restriction endonuclease and mitochondrial DNA probes pBcmH3 and Cox Ⅱ. The same RFLPs were found within sterile cytoplasm of group C, including C,Chuan G, Lei 2 and Lei 3, but a different RFLP pattern was observed among sterile cytoplasm of group S, C,T and the normal cytoplasm. This result suggested that the RFLP markers tightly linked to sterile mitochondrial genes of different groups could be applied in the identifcation of cytoplasmic male sterility. 相似文献
6.
《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,(Z1)
A novel rice gene OsAPT2,which encodes a putative adenine phosphoribosyl transferase(APRT),was cloned.Its full-length cDNA is 1125bp,composing an ORF encoding 212 amino acid residues and a stop cordon,a 5' UTR of 123 bp and a 3' UTR of 363 bp.The sequence data have been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases(accession number:AY238894).The deduced amino acid sequence of OsAPT2 is highly homologous to those of previously reported APRTs.The genomic OsAPT2 gene contains 7 exons and 6 introns.Its total length is 4758 bp.Then,an antisense expression vector of the full-length OsAPT2 cDNA was constructed and transformed into rice variety Taibei309 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation method.In total,650 T0 transgenic plants were obtained based on both antibiotic screening and specific PCR identification.One hundred individuals of them were selected and planted in Hainan Island.From those 11 male sterile lines with seed-setting rate lower than 3% in bagged spike were obtained.Results suggest that OsAPT2 is involved in male sterility.Nine of the 11 male sterile lines were constitutive sterile lines;two of the 11 male sterile lines were thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines,which may be useful in hybride rice breeding. 相似文献
7.
Cytoplasmic male sterility exists widely in most natural populations of welsh onion （Alliumfistulosum L.）, which makes it possible to breed out many male sterile lines for heterosis utilization. Unfortunately, the breeding of cytoplasmic male sterility in welsh onion has a little progress due to the limitation of its biological characteristic and traditional selection approach. To study the feasibility and the efficiency of utilizing marker assisted selection for male sterile lines in welsh onion, one SCAR marker, SCS13, and one RAPD marker, S2002400, which could distinguish between N and S cytoplasm in several welsh onion cultivars, were identified. The two markers were then confirmed by Southern blotting, and used to screen the N or S cytoplasm of individual plants in seven welsh onion cultivars in this study. Male sterile and fertile plants were evaluated by aceto-carmine dying. The frequency of N-cytoplasmic plants and maintainer genotype was calculated in the seven open populations of welsh onion. The minimum number of plants needed to identify a maintainer was evaluated to be 95% reliable. Results showed that 20 to 80% decrease of crosses and self-crosses for identifying a maintainer genotype could be achieved by the marker-assisted selection compared with traditional selection method. It was proved that the molecular markers could precisely identify cytoplasmic types individually, performed by one generation of cross and two generations of testcrosses and self-crosses. Finally, several maintainer genotype plants were selected with the help of the two markers in the seven cultivars. The screened markers could assist and accelerate sterile and maintainer lines selection with less labor and cost. 相似文献
8.
[Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus. [Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studied. [Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The percentages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding. 相似文献
9.
Identification of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line NEA in Brassica napus L. and Its Genetic Studies 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Male sterile NEA plants were identified in progenies of the radiated 92P×Aggregate-silique in Brassica napus L. In 1993. Their progeny plants from test crossing and open pollination were 100％ male sterile. The double-low male sterile lines JL-4 and JL-18 were bred through successive backcrossing of the double -low variety No. 4 and No. 18 in Brassica napus L. To NEA. Restorer lines 6720 and 6722 with significant heterosis in F1 were developed. The results from investigating the restoring-maintaining relationship and inheritance of the restorer gene indicated that JL-4 and JL-18 were different from both PolCMS and Shan 2A type,and their restorer gene was controlled by a pair of dominant genic genes. 相似文献
10.
Abortive Process of a Novel Rapeseed Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line Derived from Somatic Hybrids Between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Juan GAO Ya-nan KONG Yue-qin JIANG Jin-jin LI Ai-min ZHANG Yong-tai WANG You-ping 《农业科学学报》2014,13(4):741-748
Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to the counterpart of receptor or production of new sterile genes caused by mitochondrial genome recombination of the biparent during protoplast fusion. In this study, a novel male sterile line, SaNa-IA, was obtained from the somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba. The normal anther development of the maintainer line, SaNa-IB, and the abortive process of SaNa-IA were described through phenotypic observations and microtome sections. The floral organ of the sterile line SaNa-IA was sterile with a shortened filament and deflated anther. No detectable pollen grains were found on the surface of the sterile anthers. Semi-thin sections indicated that SaNa-IA aborted in the pollen mother cell （PMC） stage when vacuolization of the tapetum and PMCs began. The tapetum radically elongated and became highly vacuolated, occupying the entire locule together with the vacuolated microspores. Therefore, SaNa-IA is different from other CMS lines, such as ogu CMS, pol CMS and nap CMS as shown by the abortive process of the anther. 相似文献
11.
Nine inbred lines of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile(RGMS)lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses.The crosses,their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters.Results showed that variationsfor seed yield,oil content,days to flowering and days to maturity were significant.Mean squares for hybrids were significant for allcharacters.High heterosis(-4.5%-88.3%),heterobeltiosis(-15.6%-81.1%)and standard heterosis(-34.8%-33.1%)were found forthe seed yield.The highest heterosis and heterobcltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190.The highest standard heterosiswas found in the Cross Qianyou8A×Q034.Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were demcted for the oil content.Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity.Among parents,Ⅲ188,Ⅲ224,and Q034 were proved to be thesuperior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations.2365,Ⅲ1224,and QH303-4AB were good for high oilcontent breeding.Ⅲ176,2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding.Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500kg·hm-2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis,heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis.Among them,10 crosses gave higher oilcontent than that of check.These crosses Can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content.Two crossesincluding Qianyou3A×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program. 相似文献
12.
为进一步利用棉花杂种优势,促进三系杂交棉的选育,以哈克尼西棉、三裂棉（D8）和海岛棉（05 53A）3种不同来源细胞质雄性不育系为母本,以新疆早熟陆地棉新陆早33号、新陆早36号、系9为回交亲本,连续回交4代,获得9个新不育系（A1~A9）;用3个恢复系（R1~R3）与之进行杂交,获得27个杂交组合,并对8个主要性状的一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）进行分析。结果表明,不育系衣分、籽棉产量、纤维长、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率和比强GCA的差异均达到显著水平;恢复系纤维长、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量GCA差异均达到极显著水平;杂交组合铃质量、衣分、马克隆值、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量SCA的差异均达到显著水平;纤维长和整齐度主要受加性效应的影响,铃质量主要受非加性效应的影响,马克隆值、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量同时受加性和非加性效应的影响。从GCA来看,产量性状中铃质量和籽棉产量的GCA效应值是正值的比例较高（均为58.33%）; 3个恢复系中,R3的7个性状的GCA效应值均为正值;9个不育系中,A1、A4的GCA效应值综合较高,A6籽棉产量的GCA效应值最高,A9纤维长的GCA效应值最高。从SCA来看,产量性状中铃质量和衣分的SCA效应值是正值的比例较高（均为55.56%）;杂交组合A2×R1、A6×R2、A5×R3、A7×R3、A8×R3产量性状的SCA效应值综合较高;A5×R1、A3×R2品质性状的SCA效应值综合较高;A9×R1、A7×R2、A4×R3产量和品质性状的SCA效应值综合较高。 相似文献
13.
采用同一套常规水稻品种作为父本,分别与两套不同的不育系进行测交,得到两套测交组合(Set1和Set2)。其中,Set1连续进行两季(雨季和旱季)种植试验,研究亲本材料的单株产量和抽穗期的一般配合力与特殊配合力效应.2个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达到显著水平,表明它们受加性基因和非加性基因的共同控制.运用Griffing模型Ⅰ对一般配合力和特殊配合力方差变量进行比较分析.结果表明,在雨季时,Set2母本单株产量的一般配合力方差大于父本,特殊配合力的相对效应大于亲本一般配合力的相对效应;而在雨季和旱季时,Set1表现相反,抽穗期的特殊配合力相对效应大于亲本一般配合力效应,表明杂交后代抽穗期主要受特殊配合力效应的影响.在旱季中,母本一般配合力效应大于父本一般配合力效应;在雨季中,母本与父本一般配合力效应差异不显著. 相似文献
14.
春小麦产量和品质性状的杂种优势和配合力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
康志钰 《甘肃农业大学学报》1997,32(3):276-280
试验选用５个优质春小麦品种（系）与５个丰产春小麦品种，采用５×５不完全双列杂交配成２５个组合，分别对生物学产量、株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、经济产量和收获指数等产量性状以及蛋白质含量和沉淀值等品质性状进行了杂种优势和配合力分析。结果表明：⑴ｔ测验结果表明，亲本与杂种两组群在生物学产量、穗长、穗粒数、经济产量和蛋白质含量上的差异达到０．０５显著水平，表明这些性状存在明显的杂种优势。⑵通过一般配合力相对效应分析，认为中８１３１和９３ １０３９为２个优质亲本，武春１号、甘春１６号为２个丰产亲本；杂种综合优势指数法和配合力分析表明，中８１３１×甘春１６号、９３ １０３９×张春９号、９３ １０３９×武春１号、中８１３１×武春１号和９３ １０３９×甘春１６号等组合在丰产与优质结合方面表现突出。⑶一般配合力和特殊配合力基因型方差的比较表明，株高、穗长、经济产量、收获指数和蛋白质含量的一般配合力变异幅度远大于特殊配合力变异幅度，对于这些性状，针对一般配合力选择效果更好。通径分析结果表明，对所研究的各性状，一般配合力比特殊配合力更重要，其中，对株高、穗长、经济产量、收获指数和蛋白质含量尤为重要。 相似文献
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用生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,对其F1代10个农艺性状的配合力进行了分析。结果表明,10个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)水平。单株产量、穗总粒数、有效穗主要受非加性效应的影响,实粒数、结实率、着粒密度同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,千粒重、穗长、株高、播抽历期主要受加性效应的影响。单株产量、穗总粒数、结实率、穗长、着粒密度受不育系影响较大,而实粒数、千粒重、有效穗、株高、播抽历期受恢复系的影响较大。高配合力的亲本是选育强优势组合的重要基础,要选育高产量的杂交组合,不育系的选择比较重要。不育系以滇粳优2号A、合系41A、滇粳优5-1A、大理香谷A较好,有较大的应用潜力。恢复系以南34、香糯选、南29选和南34选较好。 相似文献
17.
胡麻两系杂交亲本的配合力及杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】研究胡麻两系杂种优势的亲本配合力遗传基础,为胡麻两系杂交种亲本选配提供理论依据。【方法】选用7份温敏型雄性不育系和11份国内外主栽油用及纤用亚麻优良品种为亲本材料,按照遗传交配设计NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配置77（7×11）份杂交组合,利用DPS软件分析两系胡麻杂交亲本14个主要农艺性状和品质性状的遗传效应、亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）效应及与杂种优势的关系。【结果】胡麻两系杂交组合主要农艺性状和品质性状存在显著的遗传差异,其主要表现为加性基因效应遗传的性状有：株高、工艺长度、分茎数、分枝数、每果粒数、千粒重和含油率、油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸;同时受加性和非加性基因效应共同影响的性状有：单株果数、单株产量和亚麻酸组分。主要农艺性状与品质性状的狭义遗传力大小顺序分别为：工艺长度>千粒重>株高>每果粒数>分枝数>单株产量>分茎数>单株果数;含油率>亚麻酸>硬脂酸>棕榈酸>亚油酸>油酸。亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）在同一亲本（组合）的不同性状间和同一性状的不同亲本（组合）间存在较大差异,且亲本的GCA效应与SCA效应没有直接的关系。在供试的18份亲本材料中,不育系113S、16-1-1-2、24-1-1-1、T-11和1S,恢复系陇亚10号、天亚9号、轮选3号、Macbeth和AC Watson在某些农艺和品质性状上具有较突出的一般配合力（GCA）效应,是较优的亲本材料。所组配的77份杂交组合14个主要农艺性状和品质性状存在广泛的超亲优势和竞争优势,优势大小因性状而异,其竞争优势与亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）呈极显著正相关,且与亲本GCA的相关性多高于SCA,与恢复系的GCA相关性多高于不育系,强优势组合的特点是双亲或亲本之一具有较高的GCA效应,或具有较高的SCA效应。此外,亲本GCA效应,特别是恢复系的GCA效应对杂种优势的贡献要明显高于不育系。【结论】胡麻两系杂种优势表现与亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）紧密相关,其亲本一般配合力（GCA）,特别是亲本一般配合力（GCA）高的恢复系的选配,是组配强优势胡麻两系杂交育种的关键。 相似文献
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Half diallel analysis of eight parents was carried out to identify the high heterotic crosses and their relationship in terms of general and specific combining ability (GCA &; SCA) in Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss at IARI, New Delhi, during 2007–2008 and 2008–2009. The relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis were observed to be the highest with respect to seed yield per 100 siliquae and days from sowing to 50% flowering in case of cross IC-199715 × IC-199714, EC-289602 × Prakash in the number of primary branches per plant and harvest index, Agra Local × Pusa Bahar in the length of main axis, Poorbijaya × Agra Local in the number of siliquae on main axis and EC-289602 × Pusa Bahar in the biologic yield per plant and seed yield per plant. Different cross combinations exhibited the maximum value of better and mid-parent heterosis for the remaining traits, viz., days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant, plant height and 1000-seed weight. GCA and SCA variances were significant in all characters. The variance of GCA (σ2g) was observed to be higher from sowing to 50% flowering and maturity in plant height and 1000-seed weight, whereas the variance of SCA (σ2s) was higher in seed yield and other remaining parameters. 相似文献
20.
采用GGE双标图法,对11份硫苷组分不同甘蓝型油菜进行4×7不完全双列杂交试验,旨在对各杂交组合的硫苷组分进行分析,从而筛选出其配合力较低的亲本组合来满足降低后代硫苷质量摩尔浓度的要求.结果显示:1对于2-羟-3-丁烯基而言,亲本一般配合力(GCA)较低的是父本D21R,D1R和母本D3AB,特殊配合力(SCA)较低的是父本91R,56R和母本D3AB,SCA较低的组合有S3×R3,S3×R7和S1×R3等;2对于3-丁烯基而言,亲本GCA较低的是父本15R,91R和母本Gd1AB,D3AB,SCA较低的是父本D1R,D21R和母本D3AB,SCA较低的组合有S3×R3,S3×R7和S1×R7等;3对父本GCA而言,3-丁烯基、4-羟-3-吲哚甲基、苯乙基、4-戊烯基与2-羟-3-丁烯基呈正相关,苯乙基、4-戊烯基与4-羟-3-吲哚甲基呈负相关.对母本GCA而言,3-丁烯基、4-戊烯基与2-羟-3-丁烯基呈正相关,苯乙基、4-羟-3-吲哚甲基与2-羟-3-丁烯基呈负相关;4各杂交组合硫苷组分的表型关系中,亲本针对各组分GCA的相关性与母本配合力效应双标图中所显示出来的结果基本一致.利用GGE双标图分析表明,选用D3AB作母本、D21R及D1R作为父本有利于降低杂种后代油菜籽中硫代葡糖苷的质量摩尔浓度. 相似文献