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1.
Yiannis G. Matsinos Antonios D. Mazaris Kimon D. Papadimitriou Andreas Mniestris George Hatzigiannidis Dimitris Maioglou John D. Pantis 《Landscape Ecology》2008,23(8):945-959
The study of landscape structure and functions, including the underlying ecological and anthropogenic processes has traditionally
relied on visual aspects without considering information of non-visionary cues, e.g. auditory. In this work we applied a complementary
approach for the study of landscapes using qualitative information for the sonic environment. In particular we studied the
qualitative linkages between landscape structure and functions and daily sound patterns. The main objectives were the investigation
of the spatial and temporal variability in sound perception, and the identification of the dominant sound categories (anthropogenic,
biological, geophysical originated sounds) in relation to landscape characteristics. Our results showed significant spatio-temporal
variability in the intensity of different sound categories, which reflects distinct soundscape patterns. Temporal sound variability
reflected the daily cycle of anthropogenic activities and biological processes, whereas the spatial sound viability was mainly
shaped by landscape attributes. The combination of the visual landscape information and its emergent acoustic profile enhances
our perception and understanding of nature and this integrated approach may have many practical applications in landscape
management, monitoring and planning. 相似文献
2.
The aim of the study was to describe the soundscape elements, spatial-temporal changes and preferences in plant soundscape using quantitative measures, in order to recommend soundscape design methods. Both acoustic measurements and subjective evaluations of the soundscapes were conducted at various locations in Jinan Forest Park using 14 groups of plant spaces within the park. Our analysis investigated soundscape elements categorized as nature sounds, human activity sounds, and mechanical sounds. The soundscapes varied with time of day and season and were influenced by the surrounding environment and human behavior. Soundscape element preferences were correlated with a visitor’s age and visitation frequency, with nature sounds receiving the highest preference scores. Closed nature spaces had lower sound levels and received the highest preference by visitors. The results were further analyzed according to five soundscape methods to improve visitor experience: sound-masking, sound-borrowing, sound-reinforcement, sound-contrasting, and sound-expectation, that are also consistent with Chinese classical garden design. 相似文献
3.
Passive acoustic monitoring has developed rapidly as a tool for ecological assessments, and the use of acoustic indices to assess biodiversity in urban forests promises to be a low-cost and efficient analytical approach. However, the accuracy of using acoustic indices to characterize biodiversity may be compromised by excessive human interference. The acoustic complexity index (ACI) and normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI) were chosen to determine their application value, and explore the spatiotemporal patterns of change in the soundscape of a newly established suburban forest park in China. To understand the influence of drivers such as different sound source types, road distance, and vegetation structure on the soundscape, the Eastern Suburb Forest Park was selected as the study area, and 55 recording points (200 m intervals, 5 × 11 grids) were set up using a systematic grid. Passive acoustic monitoring was performed for four consecutive days in each season, and the spatiotemporal variation of the soundscape was visualized based on indices interpolation. The results showed that when using ACI and NDSI to rapidly assess biodiversity in urban forest environments, attention needs to be paid to the implications of seasonal fluctuations on indices. The temporal variation of the soundscape was closely related to the natural rhythms and vocal activity intensity of organisms. Distance to a nearby main road, distance to water, and structural complexity of vegetation were key factors influencing spatial variation. The findings support the use of acoustic methods to assess the characteristics of soundscapes in human-built urban forests. Soundscape mapping visualizes hotspots and moments of ecoacoustic activity, and has great potential for development in the conservation and management of suburban forest soundscapes. 相似文献
4.
There is a growing interest in the health improvement functions of green spaces. Natural sounds have various effects on the human mind and body and this positive effect is a cultural service of the ecosystem; however, the mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. This study investigated the psychological effects of diverse orthoptera calls on Japanese university people. Sixty-five participants were exposed to seven different sound sources, which comprised 1–4 different species, and then asked to answer questions on impressions and preferences. We compared the differences in preference scores according to species and number of species. Factor analysis was used to identify the common factors of impressions. Structural equation modeling was used to understand the influence of participants’ attributes on their preferences. The results showed that as the number of species increased, the sound preference score increased. As a result of the factor analysis of the impressions, the factors Calm, Gorgeous, Musicality, and Deep were extracted; the factor scores of Gorgeous and Musicality increased as the number of species increased. Both, the inclusion of certain species and an increased diversity of species, increased the score. The combination of multiple species resulted in a favorable evaluation due to the harmonization of sounds and diversification of rhythms on the time axis. The results showed that the presence of diverse species of orthopteran calls has a positive effect on humans; orthopteran sounds are assumed to have psychological restorative effects. However, since the influence of the participants’ attributes on preference was unclear in this result, further research is required to understand the effects of racial and cultural backgrounds, age, place of residence and personal attributes. Diverse orthopteran calls are an ecosystem service that contribute to the quality of the soundscape. 相似文献
5.
Urban foresters are addressing the challenge of urban biodiversity loss through management plans in the context of rapid urbanization. Protecting the integrity of the urban ecosystem requires long-term monitoring and planning for resilience as well as effective management. The soundscape assessment has attracted attention in this field, but applying the soundscape assessment in urban ecological monitoring requires a protocol that links soundscapes to the impact of resource management on biodiversity over time. The effective processing and visualization of large-scale data also remains an important challenge. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between soundscape and physical environment, and examine the feasibility of this innovative soundscape approach in highly urbanized areas. Soundscape recordings were collected for 20 urban parks twice on 4 consecutive days in Spring. A total of 691,200 min of sound material were automatically obtained. In order to track the spatio-temporal patterns of a soundscape and determine its potential suitability for ecosystem monitoring, our study characterized soundscape information by adopting 4 widely used acoustic indices: acoustic diversity index (ADI), bioacoustic index (BIO), normalized difference vegetation index (NDSI), and power spectral density (PSD). Daily patterns of PSD have provided a potential connection between soundscapes and bird songs, and 1–2 kHz presented a similar pattern that was linked to human activity. Through further modeling, we tested the relationship of soundscapes to physical environment characteristics. The results showed the importance of habitat vegetation structure for acoustic diversity. More vertical heterogeneity, with an uneven canopy height or multilayered vegetation, was associated with more acoustic diversity. This suggests that clearing ground cover may have a significant negative impact on wildlife. Our results suggest that soundscape approaches provide a way to quickly synthesize large-scale recording data into meaningful patterns that can track changes in bird songs and ecosystem conditions. The proposed approach would enable regular assessment of urban parks and forests to inform adaptive planning and management strategies that can maintain or enhance biodiversity. 相似文献
6.
The capacity of urban parks to contribute to soundscape restorativeness, understood here as contributions to people’s recovery from attentional fatigue and reflection on life issues, is receiving increased interest in research and policy. However, scientific understanding of the influential mechanism of perceived soundscape restorativeness is still not clear. This paper aims to explore the effects of audio-visual interaction on perceived soundscape restorativeness (PSR) of urban parks, considering visitors of different social and demographic characteristics. The research design comprises a survey of 419 visitors to five urban parks in Fuzhou, China, general structure equation modeling, and multi-group model analysis. The results show a substantial dependence of visitors’ PSR values on respective perceptions of soundscape pleasantness and eventfulness, especially soundscape pleasantness. Visual landscape characteristics showed mediating effects on the influence of soundscape pleasantness and eventfulness on the perceived soundscape restorativeness (19.3 % and 28.3 % of the total effect, respectively). Age was the most influential social and demographic characteristic affecting the PSR, followed by gender, while occupation and educational background showed only limited effects. Future development of urban parks should strongly integrate soundscape design considerations to enhance positive PSR effects for visitors. 相似文献
7.
Tranquil spaces can be found and made in the city and their promotion and use by residents and visitors is an important means of building resilience. Studies have shown that spaces that are rated by visitors as tranquil are more likely to produce higher levels of relaxation and less anxiety that should ultimately result in health and well-being benefits. Such spaces can therefore be classed as restorative environments. Tranquil spaces are characterized by a soundscape dominated by natural sounds and low levels of man-made noise. In addition, the presence of vegetation and wild life has been shown to be an important contributory factor. Levels of rated tranquillity can be reliably predicted using a previously developed model TRAPT and then used to design and identify tranquil spaces, improve existing green spaces and develop Tranquillity Trails to encourage usage. Tranquillity Trails are walking routes that have been designed to enable residents and visitors to reflect and recover from stress while receiving the benefits of healthy exercise. This paper describes Tranquillity Trails designed for three contrasting areas. Predictions of the rated tranquillity have been made along these routes and feedback from users was elicited at one site that confirmed the expected benefits. 199 words 相似文献
8.
Timothy C. Mullet Stuart H. Gage John M. Morton Falk Huettmann 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(5):1117-1137
Context
Winter soundscapes are likely different from soundscapes in other seasons considering wildlife vocalizations (biophony) decrease, wind events (geophony) increase, and winter vehicle noise (technophony) occurs. The temporal variation and spatial relationships of soundscape components to the landscape in winter have not been quantified and described until now.Objectives
Our objectives were to determine the temporal and spatial variation and acoustic–environmental relationships of a winter soundscape in south-central Alaska.Methods
We recorded ambient sounds at 62 locations throughout Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (December 2011–April 2012). We calculated the normalized power spectral density in 59,597 recordings and used machine learning to determine acoustic–environmental relationships and produce spatial models of soundscape components.Results
Geophony was the most prevalent component (84 %) followed by technophony (15 %), and biophony (1 %). Geophony occurred primarily at night, varied little by month, and was strongly associated with lakes. Technophony and biophony had similar temporal variation, peaking in April. Technophony occurred closer to urban areas and at locations with high snowmobile activity. Biophony occurred closer to rivers and was inversely related to snowmobile activity. Over 75 % of sample sites had >1 recordings of airplane or snowmobile noise, mainly in remote areas.Conclusions
The soundscape displayed distinct patterns across 24-h and monthly timeframes. These patterns were strongly associated with land cover variables which demonstrate discrete acoustic–environmental relationships exhibiting distinct spatial patterns in the landscape. Despite the predominance of geophony, the presence of technophony in this winter soundscape may have significant negative effects to wildlife and wilderness quality.9.
This study aims to verify the effects of nature sounds on attention, and physiological and psychological relaxation. Twenty-six university students (mean age: 21.5 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study, and the experiment was conducted with one person at a time. A mixed sound of valley water and birds in a forest environment was used as the nature sound, and a road traffic sound was used as the urban sound (control). The participants performed the following steps: (1) closed their eyes and rested for 1 min; (2) opened their eyes and completed attention tasks while hearing nature or urban sounds for 1 min; (3) closed their eyes again and rested while hearing the same sound for 1 min. We used Harris and Harris grid for the attention task. We measured the participants’ oxy-hemoglobin concentration, heart rate variability, and heart rate for physiological evaluation, and used semantic differential method, and profile of mood states for psychological evaluation. As a result, ① There was no significant difference in the results of the attention task; however, the scores were slightly higher when hearing nature sound. ② The oxy-hemoglobin concentration and heart rate was lower, and parasympathetic nerve activity was enhanced when hearing nature sound than when hearing urban sound. ③ Once participants heard nature sound, they felt more comfortable, relaxed, and natural, and the negative mood state was lower, while the positive mood state was higher than urban sound. This suggests that hearing nature sounds may be an effective way to relieve stress in everyday life. 相似文献
10.
Bryan C. Pijanowski Almo Farina Stuart H. Gage Sarah L. Dumyahn Bernie L. Krause 《Landscape Ecology》2011,26(9):1213-1232
We summarize the foundational elements of a new area of research we call soundscape ecology. The study of sound in landscapes
is based on an understanding of how sound, from various sources—biological, geophysical and anthropogenic—can be used to understand
coupled natural-human dynamics across different spatial and temporal scales. Useful terms, such as soundscapes, biophony,
geophony and anthrophony, are introduced and defined. The intellectual foundations of soundscape ecology are described—those
of spatial ecology, bioacoustics, urban environmental acoustics and acoustic ecology. We argue that soundscape ecology differs
from the humanities driven focus of acoustic ecology although soundscape ecology will likely need its rich vocabulary and
conservation ethic. An integrative framework is presented that describes how climate, land transformations, biodiversity patterns,
timing of life history events and human activities create the dynamic soundscape. We also summarize what is currently known
about factors that control temporal soundscape dynamics and variability across spatial gradients. Several different phonic
interactions (e.g., how anthrophony affects biophony) are also described. Soundscape ecology tools that will be needed are
also discussed along with the several ways in which soundscapes need to be managed. This summary article helps frame the other
more application-oriented papers that appear in this special issue. 相似文献
11.
The extent of noise and its impacts continues to grow globally indicating a different approach from regulating individual
noise sources is needed. We pose the argument that soundscapes, or the acoustic environment, should be managed as a common-pool
resource (CPR). Using CPR theory, we argue that soundscapes possess key features of CPRs: (1) multiple soundscape users, (2)
difficulty of exclusion, and (3) subtractability and degradation. Using Ostrom’s Social-Ecological Systems (SES) framework,
we describe the main elements of soundscapes to consider for their sustainable management. In order to assess noise issues
and challenges in managing national park soundscapes, we conducted interviews with U.S. National Park Service managers at
parks identified as having air tour overflight impacts. While most managers indicated that aircraft overflights posed the
most serious impacts to park resources and visitor experiences, the park units also experienced several other types of noise
impacts including traffic on park roads, park maintenance operations, and different types of motorized recreational vehicles.
Addressing single sources of noise is necessary, as is the case with air tour overflights, but we argue that a more comprehensive
approach is needed to protect park soundscapes. From this study several SES framework variables emerged that need to be addressed
for sustainable management, such as the lack of clear soundscape boundaries, availability of acoustic monitoring and data,
and the number and types of soundscape users. Based on CPR theory and using the SES framework, the challenges and a potential
new approach for sustainable management are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Almo Farina Emanuele Lattanzi Rachele Malavasi Nadia Pieretti Luigi Piccioli 《Landscape Ecology》2011,26(9):1257-1267
The soundscape is proposed as a phenomenological entity with which to investigate environmental complexity. In particular, the avian soundtope, which is defined as a place in which sound is intentionally structured by different bird species, is regarded as an agency acting to achieve several goals. In fact, the soundtope could be viewed as a special case of an eco-field used by birds, not only to establish territorial ownership and patrol an area but also as a means of locating and evaluating the availability of many other material and immaterial resources. The meaning of the multifaceted acoustic pattern produced by bird communities during the breeding season is discussed here under the acoustic niche hypothesis in terms of community coalescence and the permanent establishment of an inter-specific communication network. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal dimensions of a bird soundscape have also been analyzed and discussed in terms of their relationship with environmental proxies. A new Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), coupled with the implementation (ACI plug-in) of a specific sound editor (WaveSurfer©), is proposed as a way of processing sound data efficiently, thus providing new opportunities to use the bird soundscape signature for landscape characterization and describing the ecological dynamics of long-term monitoring schemes. 相似文献
13.
This paper evaluates the perception of crowding, its determinants and relationship with trail users’ experience in a peri-urban nature park. Existing crowding surveys rely heavily on a single-item 9-point crowding scale which was originally developed for backcountry areas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the validity and reliability of this measure in detecting crowding issues and formulating visitor capacity limits. Low validity and reliability raised concerns about the applicability of this scale in similar frontcountry areas. Inability of this simple crowding measure to detect a visitor threshold brings to the fore its another important limitation – ignorance of the complexity of crowding phenomenon. The perception of crowding varies with various social, psychological and situational factors, and a best-worst scaling (BWS) experiment was designed to simultaneously evaluate different aspects of crowding in the Medvednica Nature Park, a peri-urban nature park near Zagreb, Croatia. The findings of BWS experiment revealed that occupancy of mountain huts, number of other hikers on the trail and amount of litter along the trail on average contributed most to the trail users’ sense of crowding. A latent class analysis identified a large heterogeneity in the perception of crowding; while one group of trail users (63%) was more disturbed by the direct social impacts, the others (37%) were more disturbed by the secondary impacts of other visitors, especially by the negative externalities from road traffic in the park. Older visitors had a greater tendency to primarily associate crowding with the environmental conditions. A higher impact of trail use level in the perception of crowding, younger age and more frequent use were associated with a more negative evaluation of crowding. The park management should closely monitor road traffic in the park and visitor activity on highly used trails, especially on those popular among younger trail users. 相似文献
14.
15.
The soundscape was recorded in four selected places in Sequoia National Park CA, to quantify and assess the diurnal and seasonal
character of the park’s soundscape. The recording sites were selected to represent a combination of elevation and vegetation
diversity. Hour-long sound recordings were made by four individuals at each place during fall, spring, summer and winter at
dawn, midday, dusk, and midnight with identical recording instrumentation. The recordings of the soundscape were made in an
old growth forest (Crescent Meadow), in a foothill oak savanna (Sycamore Spring), in an upland savanna chaparral (Shepherd
Saddle) and in a foothill riparian location adjacent to the Kiawah River (Buckeye Flat). Sound recordings were analyzed using
a normalized Power Spectral Density (PSD) algorithm and partitioned into 1 kHz intervals based on 12 subsamples from each
of the 64 h-long sound recordings. Biological signals (biophony) were based on the highest PSD value within the range of 2–8 kHz.
A multilevel analysis (MLA) was used to examine temporal patterns of biophony at four locations in Sequoia National Park.
Unsupervised Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Imagery identified 25 vegetation regimes in Sequoia National Park. Satellite
signatures of the habitat where recordings were made were extracted from the imagery to scale to the region. 相似文献
16.
Empirical assessments of the experiences and perceptions of urban green space (UGS) in a social housing context are scant. Studying UGS perception in these contexts is important to understand how people experience and derive benefits from UGS in disadvantaged communities. This short communication provides interdisciplinary and methodological guidance on how to conduct empirical assessment of UGS experience and perception in social housing neighborhoods. For conducting these types of studies, we suggest researchers go beyond simply calculating UGS abundance around communities and consider assessing UGS experiences and perceptions. We suggest designing studies that account for the mixed nature of many social housing communities and that develop useful UGS perception measures that can be associated with wellbeing and community indicators. Finally, we also recommend: (1) designing studies at the local scale and developing strong relationsihps with the social housing communities before and while conducting these studies; (2) considering safety as a key component of UGS perception measures; (3) considering the association between UGS perception measures and wellbeing and community experience indicators to strengthen existing models of UGS benefit provision. 相似文献
17.
While spatial heterogeneity is one the most studied ecological concepts, few or no studies have dealt with the subject of ambient sound heterogeneity from an ecological perspective. Similarly to ambient light conditions, which have been shown to play a significant role in ecological speciation, we investigated the existence of ambient sound heterogeneity and its possible relation to habitat structure and specifically to habitat types (as syntaxonomically defined ecological units). Considering that the structure and composition of animal communities are habitat type specific and that acoustic signals produced by animals may be shaped by the habitat’s vegetation structure, natural soundscapes are likely to be habitat specific. We recorded ambient sound in four forest and two grassland habitat types in Northern Greece. Using digital signal techniques and machine learning algorithms (self organizing maps, random forests), we concluded that ambient sound is not only spatially heterogeneous, but is also directly related to habitat type structure, pointing towards the existence of habitat type specific acoustic signatures. We provide evidence of the importance of soundscape heterogeneity and ambient sound signatures and a possible solution to the social cues versus vegetation characteristics debate in habitat selection theory. 相似文献
18.
Throughout the United States, opportunities to experience noise-free intervals are disappearing. Rapidly increasing energy
development, infrastructure expansion, and urbanization continue to fragment the acoustical landscape. Within this context,
the National Park Service endeavors to protect acoustical resources because they are essential to park ecology and central
to the visitor experience. The Park Service monitors acoustical resources in order to determine current conditions, and forecast
the effects of potential management decisions. By community noise standards, background sound levels in parks are relatively
low. By wilderness criteria, levels of noise audibility are remarkably high. A large percentage of the noise sources measured
in national parks (such as highways or commercial jet traffic) originates outside park boundaries and beyond the management
jurisdiction of NPS. Many parks have adopted noise mitigation plans, but the regional and national scales of most noise sources
call for conservation and management efforts on similar scales. 相似文献
19.
以四分图模型为方法,对陕西杨凌示范区合作农户的满意度领域进行了调研,以期确定各满意度因素的重要度和满意度,据此构造相应的四分图.结果表明:合作农户对龙头企业的整体满意度比较高,在选取测评的18个指标中有10个落在A区(优势区),企业应该继续保持这种优势,并建议对于处于其它区域的指标可根据企业发展方向来合理配置资源,加强对合作农户的技术指导和培训,最终提高农户的整体满意度. 相似文献
20.
Amandine Gasc Benjamin L. Gottesman Dante Francomano Jinha Jung Mark Durham Jason Mateljak Bryan C. Pijanowski 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(8):1399-1415