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1.
Objective To investigate the potential damage to the canine corneal endothelium following transcorneal iridal laser photocoagulation using a semiconductor diode laser. Animals studied Sixteen young mongrel dogs. Procedures Baseline corneal endothelial cell counts and corneal thickness were measured in the central and temporal quadrants using a noncontact specular microscope under general anesthesia. Transcorneal iridal photocoagulation was applied using a semiconductor diode laser in a continuous mode with the use of an operating microscope. Fifteen dogs were treated, and the sixteenth dog served as a control. Fifteen different treatment combinations were randomly assigned to the 30 eyes; the fellow eye was treated differently. Three treatment factors were investigated: (1) laser energy intensity, (2) target tissue to endothelial distance, and (3) laser application duration. After 3 weeks the dogs were euthanized, specular microscopy was repeated, and the cornea was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results Dyscoria and focal iris darkening were noted in all eyes immediately following laser treatment. Focal corneal edema (n = 2) and an incipient anterior capsular cataract (n = 1) were also noted. Baseline mean corneal endothelial cell densities were 2530 cells/mm2 centrally and 2607 cells/mm2 temporally. Postlaser corneal endothelial cell densities were 2499 cells/mm2 centrally and 2523 cells/mm2 temporally. Mean prelaser corneal thickness measurements were 0.555 mm centrally and 0.549 mm temporally. Postlaser corneal thickness measurements were 0.580 mm centrally and 0.554 mm temporally. Statistical analyzes revealed no significant changes in endothelial cell densities (P > 0.05) or corneal thickness (P > 0.05) induced by any treatment combination. Aside from tissue handling and processing artifacts, scanning electron microscopy revealed no endothelial cell damage. Conclusions Our study demonstrated by specular and scanning electron microscopy that diode laser iridal photocoagulation had no significant effect on the canine corneal endothelium within the parameters described. However, one must take into consideration the young age of the dogs and the potential for corneal endothelial cell regeneration in young dogs, and the relatively short period of postoperative study.  相似文献   

2.
Bacteria were isolated 68% of the time from the conjunctival sacs of 120 dogs with conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryocystitis, or corneal ulcerations. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (68%); when both eyes were affected, S aureus was recovered from 29% of the dogs; and in dogs with 1 eye affected, S aureus was isolated from 23% of the affected eyes and in 18% of the nonaffected eyes. Other organisms recovered from eyes were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (27%), beta-hemolytic streptococcus (19%), alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (17%), Escherichia coli (10%), Bacillus spp (11%), and Proteus spp (7%). It was concluded that S aureus may appear as a primary pathogen in ocular disease. When 1 eye is clinically affected, S aureus can be a potential invader of the normal eye.  相似文献   

3.
Silicone tubing was used to divert aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the right eye to the rostral compartment of the right frontal sinus in four clinically normal mixed-breed dogs. Biomicroscopic examination, and pneumoapplanation tonometry and tonography, completed for up to 18 weeks postoperatively, confirmed gonioimplant function in all four cases. The dogs were euthanized at 6, 8, 16 and 18 weeks postoperatively. Gonioimplant patency was further confirmed by postmortem examination of the globes, implants and frontal sinuses. Gross and light microscopic examinations revealed iridal attachments to the implant ( n  = 4), mild anterior uveitis ( n  = 3), anterior subcapsular cataracts ( n  = 4), and focal corneal ( n  = 3) and scleral ( n  = 3) scarring in the operated globes. Light microscopic examination of frontal sinus specimens revealed mild lymphocytic proliferation and fibrosis immediately adjacent to the implant entrance site. There were no bacteria detected on aerobic or anaerobic cultures of the frontal sinuses or light microscopic examination of the globes or frontal sinuses. Results indicate that the frontal sinus shunting of aqueous humor is a safe and effective means of extraorbital aqueous diversion with potential applicability in the management of glaucoma.  相似文献   

4.
Autogenous lamellar corneal grafting in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Lamellar, autogenous, corneal grafts were performed on 9 clinically normal dogs (1 eye in each of 2 dogs and both eyes in each of 7 dogs) and 7 dogs with corneal disease (1 eye in each dog). Nylon, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone suture materials were used in 8-0 to 10-0 sizes. The eyes of the normal dogs were examined weekly for up to 16 weeks; corneal endothelium was reestablished in all eyes by 6 weeks after surgery. The eyes of the dogs with corneal disease were reexamined periodically for up to 9 months. Twenty-two of 23 (95.7%) grafts were considered successful in that they were translucent, and the dogs were able to see after surgery. The suture materials that caused the least tissue reaction were nylon and polyglactin 910. This procedure is indicated for chronic descemetoceles and other perforating corneal disease. It has the advantage of rapidly resolving severe corneal disease, with a high degree of success.  相似文献   

5.
The immune responses of hypothyroid dogs to canine thyroglobulin (cTg) were evaluated for the proliferative ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from three hypothyroid dogs with high titers of thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) and 3 clinically normal dogs were cultured with 5, 10, or 20 microg/ml of cTg for 72 hr. The proliferative responses of the cells were determined by the level of incorporated BrdU. The numbers of cells expressing Thy-1, CD4, CD8 and IgG in the PBMC were counted by the immunofluorescence method. Proliferative responses to cTg were observed in the cells from hypothyroid dogs. The number of cells expressing IgG and CD8 in the hypothyroid dogs tended to be high compared with the clinically normal dogs. The CD4+ cells in cultures from hypothyroid dogs increased depending upon the amount of cTg. There was a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between the number of CD4+ cells and the concentration of cTg in the cultures from hypothyroid dogs. These findings suggest a possible relationship between canine hypothyroidism and cellular immunity. Loss of self tolerance to thyroid antigens in CD4+ T cells may play an important role in the development of canine hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the functionality of canine anti-Malassezia IgE via the passive transfer of immediate hypersensitivity localized to the skin (ie, cutaneous anaphylaxis) from atopic dogs with dermatitis attributable to overgrowth of Malassezia pachydermatis (Malassezia dermatitis [MD]) to healthy recipient dogs by use of the Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) technique. ANIMALS: 7 clinically normal dogs, 32 atopic dogs with MD, serum from 11 atopic dogs with MD, and 3 healthy dogs without prior sensitization to M pachydermatis. PROCEDURE: Serum from atopic dogs with MD was used for P-K tests in 3 clinically normal recipient dogs. Serial dilutions of untreated, heat-inactivated, IgE-absorbed, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-absorbed (control) aliquots of serum were injected ID in triplicate for dermal sensitization. Twenty-four, 48, and 72 hours later, a crude extract of M pachydermatis was injected ID into the sites used for sensitization injections, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions were graded on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Untreated serum caused P-K reactivity beginning 24 hours after passive sensitization and persisting through 72 hours (titers, 1:32 to 1:64). Heat inactivation and IgE-absorption of serum eliminated P-K reactivity, whereas treatment of serum with BSA did not. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of P-K test results supports the passive transfer of cutaneous anaphylaxis by anti-Malassezia IgE and indicates it is functional in type-1 hypersensitivity reactions of atopic dogs with MD. Reduction or blockade of anti-Malassezia IgE in atopic dogs with MD may provide better clinical control of the disease.  相似文献   

7.
Papular dermatitis due to Leishmania spp. infection was diagnosed in three boxers and two Rottweilers with Leishmania-specific cellular immunity. Diagnosis was based on histological and immunohistochemical examination of papules in four dogs and on cytological examination in one dog. Serum protein electrophoresis was within reference ranges and low antibody levels to Leishmania infantum were detected. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to leishmanin was evaluated before treatment in three dogs with positive results. After meglumine antimoniate therapy for 3 to 4 weeks and allopurinol treatment for 6 to 10 months, all dogs were clinically normal, had positive DTH reactions to leishmanin and reduced antibody titres. In conclusion, we suggest that this previously unreported cutaneous presentation of canine leishmaniosis appears to be associated with specific immunocompetence and, consequently, with a favourable prognosis.  相似文献   

8.
Male Beagles infected with Brucella canis for greater than or equal to 3 months developed serum antibodies that agglutinated normal canine spermatozoa. Titers were highest in dogs that had been infected for 4 to 6 months. Lower spermagglutinin titers were detected in sera collected 10 months after inoculation. Antibodies were also observed in seminal plasma of chronically infected dogs. Seminal plasma from infected, but not from clinically normal dogs, caused head-to-head agglutination of normal sperm. In contrast to macroagglutination of sperm by serum antibodies, agglutination by seminal plasma antibodies was detected only by microscopic examination. Seminal plasma agglutinins were not inactivated by heat (56 C, 1 hour) or by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. When seminal plasma and sperm were mixed with 2 hemolytic units of guinea pig complement, spermatozoa were not inactivated. Spermagglutinin activity was present in the first 2 spectral absorption peaks of Sephadex G-200 fractionated seminal plasma. Fractions that had the highest spermagglutinin titers contained mostly immunoglobulin A. Seminal plasma from infected dogs also contained cytophilic factors for normal splenic macrophages that caused sperm adherence to macrophages. Dogs with a bacteremia lasting greater than 4 months had cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions when tested with soluble canine testicular extracts. Reactions did not occur in normal dogs. Dogs with testicular atrophy had the most severe skin test responses. Seemingly, isoimmune responses to sperm antigens are involved in infertility caused by B canis infection of male dogs.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential cell-mediated immune response of atopic dogs to the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis and to correlate it with the type-1 hypersensitivity (humoral) response of the same population of dogs. ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal dogs, 15 atopic dogs with Malassezia dermatitis, 5 atopic dogs with Malassezia otitis, and 7 atopic control (ie, without Malassezia dermatitis or otitis) dogs. PROCEDURE: A crude extract of M pachydermatis was extracted for use as an intradermal allergy testing reagent and for stimulation of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Flow cytometry was also used to assess cell surface antigenic determinants (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD21, CD45RA, surface immunoglobulin) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: Atopic dogs with cytologic evidence of Malassezia dermatitis had an increased lymphocyte blastogenic response to crude M pachydermatis extract, compared with clinically normal dogs and dogs with Malassezia otitis. Atopic control dogs did not differ significantly in their responses from atopic dogs with Malassezia dermatitis or otitis. A significant correlation was not found between the lymphocyte blastogenic response and the type-1 hypersensitivity response to M pachydermatis within any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cell-mediated and humoral reactivities to M pachydermatis contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in dogs but are not directly correlated. Modification of the dysregulated immune response toward M pachydermatis may assist in the reduction of pathologic changes associated with an atopic dermatitis phenotype in dogs.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: The ocular microflora in dogs has not been established in north-east Brazil. Thus, the main aim of this research was to determine the bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. ANIMALS STUDIED: This study included 60 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with unilateral corneal ulcer, and three dogs with bilateral corneal ulcers. Procedure Samples were taken by a calibrated platinum loop (1 microL) placed directly onto the conjunctival sac and on sterile blood agar. The clinical specimens were incubated at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 48 h. RESULTS: Of the 120 samples from healthy dogs, only 47 (39%) had positive culture for bacteria, while all of the specimens from eyes with corneal ulcer were positive for bacterial growth. The group of dogs with corneal ulcer had a higher (P < 0.05) number of colony-forming units (CFU) per plate than the group of healthy animals. Of the 59 isolates from healthy eyes, only nine (15.3%) had more than 50 CFU per plate, while in the group of dogs with corneal ulcer, 23 (62.2%) of the 37 isolates presented more than 50 CFU per plate. In both groups Gram-positive bacteria (86.5%) predominated over Gram-negative (13.5%). Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequently isolated genus and S. intermedius predominated in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results of our study are directly applicable to initiate rational, preventive and therapeutic measures with greater accuracy in dogs with corneal ulcer.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome and effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL) and injury to the medial meniscus in Labrador Retrievers. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: 131 Labrador Retrievers with unilateral RCCL and injury to the medial meniscus and 17 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURE: Affected dogs had partial or complete medial meniscectomy and lateral suture stabilization (LSS), intracapsular stabilization (ICS), or tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Limb function was measured before surgery and 2 and 6 months after surgery. Treated dogs were evaluated to determine the probability that they could be differentiated from clinically normal dogs and tested to determine the likelihood that they achieved improvement. RESULTS: No difference was found between LSS or TPLO groups, but dogs treated with ICS had significantly lower ground reaction forces at 2 and 6 months. Compared with clinically normal dogs only, 14.9% of LSS-, 15% of ICS-, and 10.9% of TPLO-treated dogs had normal limb function. Improvement was seen in only 15% of dogs treated via ICS, 34% treated via TPLO, and 40% treated via LSS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgical technique can influence limb function after surgery. Labrador Retrievers treated via LSS, ICS, or TPLO for repair for of RCCL and medial meniscal injury managed with partial or complete meniscectomy infrequently achieve normal function. Results of LSS and TPLO are similar and superior to ICS.  相似文献   

12.
Pyoderma is commonly seen in canine veterinary practice and usually occurs as a complicating factor in other primary conditions. Allergic skin disease is often the underlying cause but the precise relationship between allergy and infection is unknown. Our studies have investigated the relationship between bacterial proliferation at the skin surface and hypersensitivity reactions with the skin. Hypersensitive dogs were shown to have significantly higher surface counts of staphylococci than normal controls and these bacteria were concentrated in the more superficial layers of the stratum corneum. Intradermal injection of staphlococcal antigens in normal dogs elicited epidermal damage similar to that seen in clinical disease. Preliminary autoradiographic studies using a model of canine skin hypersensitivity reactions showed that percutaneous absorption of radiolabelled staphylococcal antigens was increased by mast cell degranulation. These findings suggest that a major role of hypersensitivity reactions in the pathogenesis of pyoderma may be via an effect on epidermal permeability, promoting penetration of staphylococcal antigens from the stratum corneum which then cause the lesions of pyoderma. Hypersensitivity reactions may also lead to changes in the skin surface microclimate leading to increased bacterial counts on the skin surface, so exacerbating the condition.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the duration of effect and the effect of multiple doses of topical ophthalmic application of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride on corneal sensitivity in clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS: 8 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly allocated to treatment order in a 2 x 2 (period X treatment) crossover study. Treatments consisted of topical application of ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine (1 drop or 2 drops at a 1-minute interval); treatments were applied to both eyes. A Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer was used to determine corneal touch threshold (CTT) before corneal application, 1 and 5 minutes after corneal application, and at 5-minute intervals thereafter for 90 minutes. RESULTS: The CTT value before treatment differed significantly from CTT values after treatment until 45 minutes after application in the 1-drop group and until 55 minutes after application in the 2-drop group. As determined by use of the Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, a significantly greater anesthetic effect was detected for the 2-drop treatment, compared with the effect for the 1-drop treatment, at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 minutes after application. Maximal anesthetic effect lasted for 15 minutes for the 1-drop treatment and 25 minutes for the 2-drop treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Duration of corneal anesthetic effect induced by topical ophthalmic application of 0.5% proparacaine in dogs of this study is considerably longer than that reported elsewhere. Serial application of doses of 0.5% proparacaine increases the duration and magnitude of corneal anesthetic effects.  相似文献   

14.
This study examined whether increased intestinal permeability in Irish setters with gluten-sensitive enteropathy was associated with altered immune responses to ingested antigens, and whether a humoral immune response to gluten is involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. Affected setters reared on a wheat-containing diet were compared with littermates reared on a cereal-free diet and age-matched control setters. Measurement of serum immunoglobulins revealed increased serum IgA concentrations in affected dogs. Antibody responses to a variety of dietary antigens were measured by elisa. Antibody levels to ovalbumin, collagen I and II and soya were not significantly different from normal dogs. Anti-gliadin antibody concentrations were lower in affected dogs than controls, and correlated with immune complex formation as assessed by CIq binding. The study suggested a modified immune response in dogs with increased intestinal permeability, although there was no major systemic antibody response to dietary antigens.  相似文献   

15.
Objective To determine the bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Beijing, China. The effect of breed, sex and age of dogs and season on the presence or absence of bacteria in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs was evaluated. Sample population This investigation included 240 healthy dogs, 27 dogs with unilateral corneal ulcer and one dog with bilateral corneal ulcer. Procedure The 480 samples from healthy dogs and the 29 samples from dogs with ulcerative keratitis were incubated in an aerobic and 5% CO2 environment at 37 °C for 48 h. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.01. Results Of 480 normal eyes, Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated organisms (40.29%). Neisseria spp. (11.47%) were the next most frequently isolated organisms, followed by Corynebacterium spp. (9.4%). Of 29 eyes with ulcerative keratitis, Staphylococcus spp. were also the most frequently isolated bacteria (47.06%). Streptococcus spp. (12.94%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.24%) were the second and third, respectively. Season (P = 0.002) was a significant factor influencing presence or absence of bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of normal dogs in Beijing, China, while the effects of breed (P = 0.095), sex (P = 0.588) and age (P = 0.866) of dogs were insignificant. Conclusion Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated organisms, and S. intermedius predominated in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Beijing, China. The likelihood of detecting bacteria depends on the season.  相似文献   

16.
Canine infections with Leishmania infantum represent a considerable veterinary medical and public health problem. In this study, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 specific humoral responses were measured and compared with the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) cellular response to a leishmanin, in three groups of dogs clinically and serologically characterised as: (I) asymptomatic and direct agglutination test (DAT)-seronegative; (II) asymptomatic and DAT-seropositive; (III) DAT-seropositive and symptomatic. IgG2 was regarded as a marker of disease, since significantly higher levels of this subclass were recorded in the symptomatic dogs. In contrast, the IgG1 response could not be related to clinically relevant infection. A high correlation was observed between IgG2 level and DAT titre; the correlations between IgG1 and IgG2 levels, and between IgG1 level and DAT titre were lower. This may indicate that IgG2 is the main subclass in the specific humoral response which is detected by the DAT. A reduced IgG2 response, albeit not significantly different, was recorded among dogs with clear cellular immune responses detected by a DTH positive reaction. Furthermore, no correlations were observed between cellular response measured by DTH and humoral responses quantified by DAT titre or IgG1 and IgG2 levels. Combining serology and DTH skin test is a practical procedure to assess anti-Leishmania immune responses in dogs.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the precorneal tear film of dogs with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated keratitis during corneal healing and stromal remodeling. ANIMALS: 10 dogs with unilateral P aeruginosa-associated keratitis and 10 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES: Precorneal tear film samples were collected from both eyes of 10 dogs with unilateral P aeruginosa-associated keratitis on the day of admission to the hospital and then at various time points until complete healing of the cornea was achieved. Precorneal tear film samples were also collected from both eyes of 10 clinically normal adult dogs (control group). Concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in precorneal tear film samples from each group were determined via gelatin zymography for comparison. RESULTS: The proteolytic processes in the ulcerated eyes decreased as corneal healing progressed. On the day of admission, concentrations of latent and active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ulcerated eyes were significantly higher than values in the contralateral unaffected eyes in dogs with P aeruginosa-associated keratitis; concentrations of latent MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also greater than control group values. Concentrations of latent and active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the healed eyes of dogs with P aeruginosa-associated keratitis were significantly lower than concentrations in the ulcerated eyes on the day of admission. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that reduction of precorneal tear film concentrations of MMPs by use of proteinase inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of dogs with P aeruginosa-associated keratitis.  相似文献   

18.
The microflora of the skin was studied in 10 dogs with chronic eczema without clinical signs of secondary infection (Table I). The skin surface was swabbed at 7 different sites, making a total of 70 swabs, 25 of which were taken from visibly inflamed areas and 45 from apparently unaffected skin (Table II). Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, micrococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Acinetobacter spp. were found consistently. Ten different Gram-negative bacteria, 3 different Gram-positive bacteria, and 2 yeasts were found to occur sporadically (Table III). Compared to a group of 10 healthy dogs a more prolific growth of aerobic microorganisms, a greater number of sites carrying Staph. aureus, and a higher recovery of Gram-negative transients were found in dogs with eczema (Table IV--VII). Within the group of dogs with eczema the growth of Staph. aureus was significantly heavier from eczematous skin areas than from clinically normal skin (Table VIII). In dogs with non-infective dermatitides the colonization of the skin by potentially pathogenic microorganisms may have to be considered in the clinical handling of these diseases.  相似文献   

19.
Hair loss in Chesapeake Bay retrievers has been increasingly recognized by breeders in recent years. Anecdotal reports suggest an endocrine disorder or follicular dysplasia as the underlying cause, but no scientific study has been done to investigate the underlying problem. A prospective study was carried out in collaboration with the American Chesapeake Club. Affected dogs were recruited into the study. Routine dermatological and hormonal (blood and urine) tests, and skin biopsies were performed. Ten dogs (age 1.5–10 years), seven females (two spayed) and three males (two neutered), were included in the study. All dogs had mild or severe hair loss affecting the lateral ventral chest, flanks, rump and thighs. Affected dogs were clinically healthy. Hormonal tests revealed normal thyroid hormone panels, insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and urinary cortisol:creatinine ratios in samples collected for ten consecutive days. In six of 10 dogs, an adrenal hormone panel showed slight or moderate increased values pre- and/or post-ACTH stimulation of cortisol (three of six), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (five of six), androstenedione (three of six), estradiol (two of six) and progesterone (six of six). The major histopathologic changes resembled canine flank alopecia and follicular dysplasia with pronounced infundibular hyperkeratosis, mild follicular atrophy, and occasional melanin clumping with dystrophic hair shafts. Chesapeake Bay retrievers suffer from a type of hair loss that is likely related to an abnormal production of adrenal sex hormone. Further studies are currently underway to determine if there is a heritable basis for this disease and to evaluate therapeutic options.
Funding: University of Pennsylvania.  相似文献   

20.
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