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稻田水分管理方式对水稻光合速率和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30
以超级杂交稻两优培九和中优6号为材料, 设3个不同水分管理措施,在穗分化期、开花期和花后20 d分别测定叶片光合速率和水分利用率。结果表明:不同水分管理方式影响水稻地上部干物重、叶面积指数、光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。水分好气灌溉管理地上部干物重和水分利用效率明显增加;水分低水位管理蒸腾速率、地上部干物重和叶片水分利用效率下降。淹水灌溉地上部干物重、叶面积指数、叶片光合速率和水分利用率较低。因此,水稻好气灌溉有利于光合物质积累,显著增产和提高水分利用效率。试验还表明这3种水分管理对稻米蛋白质含量的影响不显著。 相似文献
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移栽密度对双季稻光合特性和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在株行距15 cm×15 cm(44.4万穴/hm2)、20 cm×20 cm(25万穴/hm2)和30 cm×30 cm(11.1万穴/hm2)3个移栽密度下,研究了移栽密度对双季稻光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随密度增加,水稻叶片净光合速率(PN)、实际量子产率(ΦPSⅡ)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)下降,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高。随着叶位的降低,叶片PN下降,密度增加会加剧下层叶片PN的下降。在不同移栽密度下,水稻叶面积指数(LAI)和PN表现互为消长,即随着移栽密度增加,LAI增加,而PN下降。移栽密度对结实率和千粒重影响较小,对有效穗数和每穗总粒数影响较大,移栽密度15 cm×15 cm和20 cm×20 cm的处理间的产量差异较小,但明显高于30 cm×30 cm处理的产量。考虑到人工和秧苗成本,双季稻采用中等移栽密度(20cm×20 cm)较为适宜。 相似文献
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施氮量和移栽密度对重穗型杂交稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以重穗型杂交稻德优4727和轻穗型常规稻五山丝苗为材料,设置4个施氮量(0、120、165、210 kg/hm~2,分别记为N0、N120、N165、N210)和3种移栽密度(25.0、19.1、12.5丛/m~2,分别记为D1、D2、D3),于2016年在四川德阳进行大田试验,研究施氮量和移栽密度对重穗型杂交稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,参试水稻品种的适宜移栽密度均为25.0丛/m~2,在此移栽密度下,重穗型杂交稻德优4727产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,以N165处理产量最高(10.90 t/hm~2),轻穗型常规稻五山丝苗产量随施氮量的增加呈升高趋势,以N210处理产量最高(10.21 t/hm~2);相同移栽密度下,参试水稻品种氮肥利用率随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势;随移栽密度的增加,参试水稻品种产量和氮肥利用率呈增加趋势。可见,提高移栽密度,减少施氮量可兼顾水稻高产和氮肥高效利用,其最佳肥密组合为施氮量165 kg/hm~2、移栽密度25丛/m~2,即低氮密植可作为重穗型杂交稻高产高效栽培的关键技术。 相似文献
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吉林省过去47年来水稻品种遗传改良过程中叶片光合指标的变化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
2006-2007年对吉林省1958年至2005年间育成的25个粳稻品种产量特性及叶片光合生理指标进行了比较。结果表明,粳稻品种产量随育成年代呈线性增加。 由1958年的6 671.9 kg/hm2增加至2005年的11 853.2 kg/hm2,平均每年增加110.2 kg/hm2,年增幅为1.65%。收获指数、成熟期和粒叶比随育成年代推延而增加且与产量呈显著正相关。随着品种产量的增加,单叶净光合速率显著增加且与产量呈正相关,光合速率增加主要是由于品种表观叶肉导度随育成年代推延而显著增加所致。同时,胞间CO2浓度/大气CO2浓度比值呈下降趋势,说明现代品种的光合作用存在一定的气孔限制作用。现代品种叶片的蒸腾速率的增幅大于光合速率的增幅,导致水分利用效率下降。因此,在未来水稻品种选育中,筛选高光合种质资源的同时要兼顾品种的水分利用特性。 相似文献
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以珍珠豆小果型花生远杂6号为材料,研究了夏直播花生在1.8×105~2.25×105穴/hm2密度及不同配置方式下叶片功能、光合特性及产量等指标的变化,探讨了合理密植对花生群体生殖生长及产量的影响。结果表明：与1.8×105穴/hm2密度相比,2.25×105穴/hm2种植会降低叶片净光合速率、抗氧化能力和群体间中下部光合有效辐射截获率,提高群体叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和上部光合有效辐射截获率,提高饱果率和出仁率。2.25×105穴/hm2产量比1.8×105穴/hm2处理产量高12.44%,双粒播种产量比单粒播种高12.47%,等行距种植和宽窄行种植产量基本一致。远杂6号为耐密品种,夏直播种植,适当增加种植密度,可有效提高产量,改善荚果商品性。 相似文献
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水稻灌浆期源质量与产量关系及氮素调控的研究 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
以中粳稻武育粳3 号和杂交中籼稻汕优63 为材料, 采用不同密度、施肥等栽培措施, 形成成穗率不同的群体, 研究水稻抽穗期源质量与产量关系及其影响因素。结果表明: 水稻高产群体抽穗期叶面积指数(LAI) 适宜, 有效叶面积率高, 高效叶面积率为75%～80% , 灌浆期光合势在2. 10×10 6 m2·d 以上, 势粒比在47 cm2·d 粒以上。势粒比(光合势与总颖花量的比值) 能反映抽穗后群体源库发展动态的优劣, 是经济产量形成期源库质量的较好表述。本试验条件下, 通过穗肥等措施,在抽穗期适宜叶面积基础上, 降低抽穗后叶面积下降速率, 提高光合势和势粒比是进一步提高产量的有效途径。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):191-198
AbstractThe impacts of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional management (CM) on grain yield, yield components and tillering capacity were examined under 4 rice establishment methods transplanting (TP), seedling casting (SC), mechanical transplanting (MT) and direct seeding (DS). SRI produced significantly higher grain yield than CM under TP and MT but not under DS or SC. DS and SC produced much higher seedling quality than TP or MT, suggesting that robust seedlings with vigorous roots weaken the positive effect of SRI on rice yield. SRI produced a higher tillering rate than CM, but did not affect ear-bearing tiller rate significantly. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the recent fully expanded leaf at mid-tillering stage was significantly higher in SRI than in CM under MT and TP. The obtained results also indicated that SRI increased biomass accumulation before heading and improved utilization of photosynthates in the grain-filling stage. 相似文献
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杂交水稻始穗期氮钾营养对剑叶生理特性的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
采用盆栽试验研究了杂交水稻汕优63在施基肥的基础上，始穗期供给 NK营养对剑叶生理特性的影响。施用NK，可促进剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、过氧化物酶(POX)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性提高，呼吸速率下降，增加剑叶的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力，加速14C同化物从剑叶的输出，提高14C同化物在稻穗的分布积累及输入积(IAP)。讨论了始穗期共施NK营养提高结实率、谷粒充实度及稻谷产量的良好效果 相似文献
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水分胁迫和供氮形态耦合作用下分蘖期水稻的光合速率、水分与氮素利用 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
采用室内营养液培养及PEG模拟水分胁迫的方法,在3种供氮形态\[NH4+、NO3-、NH4+/NO3-(质量比)为50∶50\]下,主要研究分蘖期水稻在非水分胁迫及水分胁迫条件下的氮素利用效率及对不同形态氮素的消耗。在非水分胁迫条件下,分蘖期水稻在NH4+/NO3-为50∶50时生物量增量最大;而在水分胁迫条件下,单一供NH4+ N营养的水稻生物量增量最大。在两种水分条件下,当NH4+/NO3-为50∶50时,分蘖期水稻对营养液中NO3- N的消耗量明显大于NH4+ N;此外,在两种水分条件下,均以单一供NH4+ N营养水稻的光合速率、氮素利用率和水分利用率最高。 相似文献
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The system of rice intensification (SRI) is reported to have advantages like lower seed requirement,less pest attack,shorter crop duration,higher water use efficiency and the ability to withstand higher degree of moisture stress than traditional method of rice cultivation.With this background,SRI was compared with traditional transplanting technique at Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi,India during two wet seasons (2009-2011).In the experiment laid out in a factorial randomized block design,two methods of rice cultivation [conventional transplanting (CT) and SRI] and two rice varieties (Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa 44) were used under seven crop nutrition treatments,viz.T 1,120 kg/hm2 N,26.2 kg/hm2 P and 33 kg/hm2 K;T 2,20 t/hm2 farmyard manure (FYM);T 3,10 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N;T 4,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 90 kg/hm2 N;T 5,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N+ 1.5 kg/hm2 blue green algae (BGA);T 6,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N+ 1.0 t/hm2 Azolla,and T 7,N 0 P 0 K 0 (control,no NPK application) to study the effect on seed quality,yield and water use.In SRI,soil was kept at saturated moisture condition throughout vegetative phase and thin layer of water (2-3 cm) was maintained during the reproductive phase of rice,however,in CT,standing water was maintained in crop growing season.Results revealed that CT and SRI gave statistically at par grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in CT as compared to SRI.Seed quality was superior in SRI as compared to CT.Integrated nutrient management (INM) resulted in higher plant height with longer leaves than chemical fertilizer alone in both the rice varieties.Grain yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per hill,panicle length and panicle weight of rice in both the varieties were significantly higher in INM as compared to chemical fertilizer alone.Grain yields of both the varieties were the highest in INM followed by the recommended doses of chemical fertilizer.The grain yield and its attributes of Pusa 44 were significantly higher than those of Pusa Basmati 1.The seed quality parameters like germination rate and vigor index as well as N uptake and soil organic carbon content were higher in INM than those in chemical fertilizer alone.CT rice used higher amount of water than SRI,with water saving of 37.6% to 34.5% in SRI.Significantly higher water productivity was recorded in SRI as compared to CT rice. 相似文献
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茉莉酸甲酯对杂交水稻同化物运输的调节 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在杂交水稻拔节期及灌浆初期施用不同旅度(10～30mg/kg )JA—Me溶液，结果表明 JA—Me能促进杂交水稻对 P和 N的吸收；加速剑叶中同化物向穗部运输；同时提高剑叶的光合速率以及提高谷粒产量等。 相似文献
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以叶片不同气孔密度(高、中和低气孔密度)水稻品系为试验材料,在齐穗期研究水稻剑叶光合特性、糖分含量和蔗糖代谢酶活性。结果表明,水稻叶片中蔗糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性与气孔密度呈极显著正相关;蔗糖合成酶活性与气孔密度呈显著正相关。高气孔密度水稻叶片Rubisco活性、净光合速率、蔗糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性显著高于低气孔密度水稻;不同叶片气孔密度与中性转化酶呈显著负相关。研究认为,气孔密度增加提高了水稻叶片光合效率,促进了蔗糖积累及蔗糖代谢酶活性提高,有利于更多光合产物——蔗糖向籽粒转运。 相似文献
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Irrigation management transfer (IMT) and system of rice intensification (SRI) practice in the Philippines 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
SRI practices can usually increase the yield of paddy without using special varieties of rice or chemicals. High yield of paddy can be simply achieved through the combination of transplanting single seedlings about 8–10 days old with just two leaves on 40 cm × 40 cm spacing, providing organic fertilizer, and intermittent irrigation. No pesticides are applied. Historically, integrated management of water and crop (particularly rice) in the Philippines, had its beginning with the Spaniards, but more formal events were recorded in the 1950s by Margate (1954) in “Rice: 100 Cavans (50 kg/cavan) per Hectare.” This was followed by the Water Management Manual released in the 1970s by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and National Irrigation Administration (NIA). Recently, the Southern Philippines Irrigation Sector Project (SPISP), a joint ADB–NIA effort, has commenced trials with the system of rice intensification (SRI) practice. One of the most specific features of SRI is the intermittent irrigation system which requires assured water supply at necessary timing. It is easier to attain assured water supply on timely manner through irrigation management transfer (IMT) which encourages the empowerment of fair water distribution. This article analyzes the merit of IMT for SRI. 相似文献
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To evaluate the performance of new rice establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification (SRI) and integrated crop management (ICM), a field study was conducted during 2008–11 in South Garo Hills, Meghalaya, foot hills of Eastern Himalayas, India. Field demonstrations were undertaken during wet seasons of 2008–11 and socio-economic information in the context of farmer’s realities were obtained during 2010–11 using a well structured questionnaire administered to 134 farmers. The results indicated that the average higher productivity of rice under SRI and ICM demonstration was 209.9 and 185.4 %, respectively, over conventional rice culture (CRC). The SRI and ICM methods of rice cultivation could save seeds (97.56 and 60.98 %), saving water (78.05 and 63.66 %), reduce cost (70.33 %), higher yield etc. compared to CRC. The main reasons for non-adoption of SRI/ICM was related to involvement of more efforts, faith towards traditional practices, ignorance and lack of knowledge on scientific water management. The net-return of $816.69, $706.63 and $51.48/ha was realized under SRI, ICM and CRC, respectively. The co-efficient of multiple determinations (R 2) of the production function was 0.695 in SRI, 0.714 in ICM and 0.734 in CRC which indicated that about 69.5, 71.4 and 73.4 % of the variation in rice productivity under SRI, ICM and CRC, respectively were explained by the independent variable and remaining 30.5, 28.6 and 26.6 %., respectively in SRI, ICM and CRC were as a result of non-inclusion of some explanatory variables as well as other factors outside the farmers control. 相似文献