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1.
Inter-simple Sequence Repeat （ISSR） analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity within and among five populations of mink from Liaoning Province. A total of 20 primers were screened, five selected primers produced 35 discernible bands, with 30 （85.71%） being polymorphic, indicating high genetic diversity at the species level. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the brown mink population, whereas the lowest diversity was found in the standard-pitchy mink population. Based on genetic distance （1972）, a dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA algorithm, and five populations were divided into two major groups. Group I consisted of only the standard-pitchy mink population, and Group II included other four populations, in Group II, sapphire mink was close to brown mink population. The results of genetic differentiation indicated that the genetic differentiation degree between populations was lower and the genetic variation primarily came from within populations. This paper showed that ISSR technique was a reliable tool that could be used to study genetic diversity in the mink.  相似文献   

2.
Variations of structural loci among 4 sheep populations in China were examined by the method of multiloci electrophoresis, and similar data from 11 sheep populations were taken as basic references to analyze the genetic structure of the native sheep populations in East and South Asia. The results showed that the average heterozygosity and effective number of alleles among 15 populations were 0.2746 and 1.559, respectively. Mongolian sheep possessed the largest average heterozygosity and effective number of alleles. Genetic diversity of sheep populations in Mongolia, China, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Nepal was reduced in this order. The coefficients of genetic differentiation were between 0.0126 and 0.3083, with the average of 0.148, demonstrating that genetic variations lay mainly in populations with 85.2% of the total variations. There exists no correlation between geographical distances and genetic distances. Gene flow was smooth among most populations, which led to inconsistency between geographical distances and genetic distances. The 15 native sheep populations in East and South Asia could be divided into two groups： One group included part populations of China and Mongolia, and the other included Yunnan populations of China, and part populations of Nepal and Bangladesh. Other populations did not cluster together and divide into the above-mentioned two groups. Tills study indicated genetic differentiation of the 15 native sheep populations in East and South Asia was relatively low, geographical isolation was not the main reason affecting genetic differentiation, and the fifteen sheep populations could be divided into two groups according to phylogenetic relationships.  相似文献   

3.
Invasion of the oriental fruit lfy, Bactrocera dorsalis, into new niches containing different food sources （a process referred to as host shift）, may cause population genetic differentiation and sympatric speciation. To attempt to infer that experimentally, test populations were established by transferring a subset of the original populations, which had been grown on banana for many generations, onto navel orange, and then subculturing the navel orange population and banana population for at least 20 generations. Four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism on laboratory strains were used to detect population genetic differentiation. All six tested populations （the 5th, 10th and 15th generations of B. dorsalis fed on banana and navel orange, respectively） were found to have low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the navel orange populations was found to decline after being crossed for several generations. Populations initially were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, equilibrium was achieved with increasing numbers of generations in both of the host populations. Limited gene lfows were found among the six populations. The Nei’s standard genetic distances between the two host populations of the same generation were initially low, but increased with generation number. Genetic distances between banana and navel orange populations of the same generation were lower than genetic distances between different generations grown on the same host plant. Analysis of molecular distance （AMOVA） results based on generation groups and host groups demonstrated that genetic variation among generations was greater than that between the two host populations. The results indicated that population genetic differentiation occurred after the host shift, albeit at low level. Biogeography and taxonomy of the B. dorsalis complex revealed that speciation of B. dorsalis might be tightly associated with host shift or host specialization of B. dorsalis following dispersal.  相似文献   

4.
Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotypes B and Q are two invasive biotypes in the species complex. The comparison of the population genetic structure of the two biotypes is of significance to show their invasive mechanism and to their control. The intersimple sequence repeats （ISSR） marker was used to analyze the 16 B-biotype populations and 4 Q-biotype populations worldwide with a Trialeurodes vaporariorum population in Shanxi Province, China, and a B. tabaci non-B/Qbiotype population in Zhejiang Province, China, was used as control populations. The analysis of genetic diversity showed that the diversity indexes of biotype Q including Nei＇s gene diversity index, Shannon informative index, and the percentage of polymorphic loci were higher than those of biotype B. The high genetic diversity of biotype Q might provide the genetic basis for the excellent ecological adaptation. Cluster analysis suggested that the ISSR could not be used in the phylogenetic analysis though it could easily distinguish the biotypes of B. tabaci. The difference of the population genetic structure between the biotype B and the biotype Q exists based on the ISSR marker. Meanwhile, the results suggested that the molecular marker has its limitation in the phylogenetic analysis among the biotypes of B. tabaci.  相似文献   

5.
The male-sterile lines with Ms2 gene were highly evaluated in recurrent selection in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Three populations C6 （population after six cycles of selection）, C7 （population after seven cycles of selection）, and C8 （population after eight cycles of selection） were constructed through recurrent selection with 12 parental materials （P）. Acid polyacrymide gel electrophoresis （A-PAGE） analysis was used to identify gliadin patterns and evaluate the genetic diversity in 12 parents and three populations. A total of 63 bands were identified, of which 17 polymorphic bands and 7 unique bands were present in populations and seven polymorphic bands and four unique bands were present in parents. The number of polymorphic and unique bands decreased gradually from C6 to C8, especially for to- and y-gliadins. The genetic distances in C6, C7, and C8 were calculated. The distributions of genetic distance were different in three recurrent selection populations. From C6 to C8, the genetic distance was 0.2687, 0.2652 and 0.1987, respectively. Statistically significant differences were detected between C7 and C8 with the T value of 37.9718. The result of cluster analysis based on genetic similarity matrix of three populations fitted well to those of principle coordinates analysis （PCoA）. Compared with 12 parents, almost all individuals of three populations are new genotypes. Most of the individuals from C6 and C7 could be divided into two groups, while most individuals of C8 were in one cluster. In conclusion, the results indicated that the genetic diversity was decreased severely according to the information revealed by A-PAGE, although some variations could be created in the recurrent selection. It was necessary to introduce diverse germplasm based on the genetic database of recurrent population to maintain and improve the breeding efficiency in the further program.  相似文献   

6.
It was helpful for the wheat improvement to evaluate the genetic resources of Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum landraces. In this study, 68 turgidum landraces accessions, belonging to four geographic populations in China, were investigated by using EST-SSR markers. A total of 63 alleles were detected on 22 EST-SSR loci, and the number of alleles on each locus ranged from 1 to 5, with an average of 2.9. The results of the analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 92.5% of the total variations was attributed to the genetic variations within population, whereas only 7.5% variations among populations. Although the four populations had similar genetic diversity parameters, Sichuan population was yet distinguished from other populations when comparing the population samples in pairs. Significant correlations were detected by the statistic analysis among six genetic diversity parameters among each other. The selection difference between heterozygosty and homozygosty was also observed among different EST-SSR locus. The genetic similarity （GS） ranged from 0.18 to 0.98, with the mean of 0.72, and all accessions could be clustered into 7 groups. The dendrogram suggested that the genetic relationships among turgidum accessions evaluated by EST-SSR markers were unrelated to their geographic distributions. These results implied that turgidum landraces from China had the unique characters of genetic diversity.  相似文献   

7.
Twelve fluorescence-labeled microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds to determine the relationship and origin of Chinese domestic duck breeds. Gene frequency, effective number of alleles （Ne）, expected heterozygosity （He）, polymorphism information contents （PIC）, inbreeding coefficient in population （Fis）, standard genetic distance （Ds）, and genetic distance （DA） were calculated by FSTAT and distance and phylogenetic analysis after the dates which were output from the Microsatellite-Toolkit software. Genetic distances between 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds were analyzed by variance analysis. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） and phylogenetic trees used for cluster analysis were structured. The results indicated that 11 loci had medium- or high-level genetic diversity among the 12 loci, which could be efficiently used in the detection of the genetic parameters of each population. The values of He were 0.5414 to 0.7343, those of PIC proved similar, and those of Fis were 0.1101 to 0.3381 among all populations. All breeds were clustered into three groups by UPGMA phylogenetic trees. Banzui duck was clustered into a separate group. Differences of the DA were analysed by t-test. The results showed that difference in DA between the 12 domestic duck breeds and Lvtou duck and the Banzui duck were very significant （P〈0.01）, indicating that these 12 domestic duck breeds originated from Lvtou wild duck, but not Banzui duck.  相似文献   

8.
ISSR Marker and ITS Sequence Study of Melampsora Larici-populina   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
To compare the differences in intertranslation space of ribosomal DNA （ITS） of Melampsora larici-populina, between the isolates from China and isolates from other countries, this study investigated ITS sequences and ITS polygenetic tree based on 11 isolates that were collected from 5 races in different parts of China. The results indicated that there was no difference among the ITS sequences of 11 isolates from China. The ITS sequence of isolates from China was more homogeneous with that of isolates from Britain compared with France, Germany, and Canada. Intersimple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers were also used to study the genetic division of Melampsora larici-populina, and the results showed that the 11 tested isolates could be divided into Western population and Northern population. Genetic diversity index of race C2 was significantly different from that of races C4, C3, and C1, and no significant differences were observed among the other races. Pathogenicity division of races must not harmonize with their genetic division, except race C2. The ITS region is conservative, and ITS sequence is not fit for studying the differences that existed among the races. ISSR marker can be used for intraspecies population study, and Melampsora larici-populina in China can be divided into two populations.  相似文献   

9.
Genetic relationship among Oxya chinensis populations and Oxya japonica populations collected from Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Pingshan County, Hebei Province, China were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers. A total of 125 DNA bands ranging from 200 to 2 200 bp were amplified by 10 random primers in DNA samples from 43 grasshopper individuals. One hundred and twenty-three （99%） of these bands were polymorphic. Shannon＇s index showed that the genetic, diversity within O. chinensis （0.3432） was higher than that of O. japonica （0.2781）. Nei＇s genetic distance between O. chinensis population and O. japonica population from the same area was less than that between populations from two different areas. The dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance of RAPD markers was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic average （UPGMA） and Neighbor-Joining （NJ） methods. Cluster analysis indicated that all the individuals were grouped into two main clusters. O. chinensis populations from Xuzhou and Pingshan formed one cluster, and O. japonica populations from the two regions belonged to another cluster. The results demonstrated that RAPD can detect within species, and among closely related species. polymorphisms to distinguish minor difference among individuals  相似文献   

10.
Genetics of Fertility Restoration in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Pepper   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase the genetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility in pepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between Yolo Wonder （sterility maintainer line） and Perennial （fertility restorer line） and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A （a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line）. The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and open field with the following three criteria： pollen index （PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower）, pollen number （PN, pollen counting under microscope）, and seed number （SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination）. Correlations between the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype （DH line） and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility. Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. The distribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance of fertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.（1984）, the number of segregating genes was estimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits （PI and PN） and five to eight genetic factors in seed production （SN）. The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism of the fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]探讨利用DGGE技术对中华绒螯蟹和合浦绒螯蟹遗传多样性进行分析的可能性。[方法]对中华绒螯蟹5个群体和合浦绒螯蟹1个群体共180个个体的线粒体细胞色素b（cytb）基因片段进行了PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析。[结果]所有PCR产物在DGGE电泳时共有2种迁移速率,合浦绒螯蟹所有个体的PCR产物的迁移速率相同,且中华绒螯蟹江都群体46.7%、仪征群体23.3%以及温州群体20.0%的个体与合浦绒螯蟹的迁移速率一致;而以上3个中华绒螯蟹群体的其他个体以及南京、盘锦群体所有个体的PCR产物在DGGE电泳时的迁移速率均相同,均快于合浦绒螯蟹,表明在中华绒螯蟹中混杂有合浦绒螯蟹的遗传标记类型。[结论]DGGE方法可用于绒螯蟹的遗传多样性分析。  相似文献   

12.
王晓梅  李晓东  王茜  靳婷婷 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(28):17347-17349
[目的]探讨利用DGGE技术对中华绒螯蟹和合浦绒螯蟹遗传多样性进行分析的可能性。[方法]对中华绒螯蟹5个群体和合浦绒螯蟹1个群体共180个个体的线粒体细胞色素b（cytb）基因片段进行了PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析。[结果]所有PCR产物在DGGE电泳时共有2种迁移速率,合浦绒螯蟹所有个体的PCR产物的迁移速率相同,且中华绒螯蟹江都群体46.7%、仪征群体23.3%以及温州群体20.0%的个体与合浦绒螯蟹的迁移速率一致;而以上3个中华绒螯蟹群体的其他个体以及南京、盘锦群体所有个体的PCR产物在DGGE电泳时的迁移速率均相同,均快于合浦绒螯蟹,表明在中华绒螯蟹中混杂有合浦绒螯蟹的遗传标记类型。[结论]DGGE方法可用于绒螯蟹的遗传多样性分析。  相似文献   

13.
为鉴别长江与闽江野生水系中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)及其养殖子一代,运用基于地标点法的几何形态测量学方法研究两群体野生个体及其养殖子一代头胸甲的形态特征差异。先通过地标点法提取头胸甲上特征点的坐标值,然后进行相对扭曲主成分分析和判别分析来区分4群体头胸甲,最后利用薄板样条分析和网格变形将头胸甲形态变异矢量可视化。结果表明:长江和闽江水系野生个体被完全分为两块较集中的区域,而两野生群体养殖子一代频繁交叉出现,各组不能形成较集中区域;网格变形图显示各群体头胸甲的形态差异主要为额刺和侧刺长度;逐步判别分析中两野生群体的判别准确率均为100%,而两野生群体养殖子一代判别准确率为40%~60%,存在明显的错判风险;聚类分析先将两野生群体养殖子代聚为一类,然后与长江野生个体聚为独立的一支,最终与闽江野生个体相聚。综上,长江与闽江野生中华绒螯蟹形态特征差异较大,但这些形态特征差异在人工养殖一代后基本消失,因此形态学特征不能区分长江与闽江野生中华绒螯蟹养殖子一代。  相似文献   

14.
10个日本绒螯蟹群体与中华绒螯蟹形态的主成分分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
以10个日本绒螯蟹Eriocheir japonica群体和1个中华绒螯蟹E．sinensis群体为研究对象，分别测量了18个形态性状参数，数据经标准化后，对绒螯蟹群体形态差异进行了主成分分析。研究结果表明：1)冲绳以外的日本绒螯蟹群体的形态学特征存在较大的相似性，个体间有明显交叉；2)冲绳日本绒螯蟹群体与其它群体间形态差异较大，其多数个体与其它群体的个体分为两大支；3)中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹存在明显差异，可分为明显的两大支。  相似文献   

15.
Invasion of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, into new niches containing different food sources (a process referred to as host shift), may cause population genetic differentiation and sympatric speciation. To attempt to infer that experimentally, test populations were established by transferring a subset of the original populations, which had been grown on banana for many generations, onto navel orange, and then subculturing the navel orange population and banana population for at least 20 generations. Four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism on laboratory strains were used to detect population genetic differentiation. All six tested populations (the 5th, 10th and 15th generations of B. dorsalis fed on banana and navel orange, respectively) were found to have low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the navel orange populations was found to decline after being crossed for several generations. Populations initially were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, equilibrium was achieved with increasing numbers of generations in both of the host populations. Limited gene flows were found among the six populations. The Nei's standard genetic distances between the two host populations of the same generation were initially low, but increased with generation number. Genetic distances between banana and navel orange populations of the same generation were lower than genetic distances between different generations grown on the same host plant. Analysis of molecular distance (AMOVA) results based on generation groups and host groups demonstrated that genetic variation among generations was greater than that between the two host populations. The results indicated that population genetic differentiation occurred after the host shift, albeit at low level. Biogeography and taxonomy of the B. dorsalis complex revealed that speciation of B. dorsalis might be tightly associated with host shift or host specialization of B. dorsalis following dispersal.  相似文献   

16.
为探究辽河和长江水系及其杂交种中华绒螯蟹在成蟹阶段的生长性能和养殖效果差异,在相似的池塘条件下将辽河和长江水系及其杂交种扣蟹养殖至成蟹。本文系统地比较了在养殖过程中的生长、生殖蜕壳率和性腺发育情况,进一步评价了成活率、产量、饲料系数和最终体质量分布等差异。结果表明：(1)在生长阶段,四组中华绒螯蟹平均体质量、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。雌体生殖蜕壳高峰出现在7月25日到8月25日,雄体生殖蜕壳高峰则出现在8月25日到9月25日。人工养殖辽河水系成蟹生殖蜕壳时间与长江水系成蟹基本一致,并无二龄早熟性状。9~11月,雌雄个体的肝胰腺指数(HSI)逐渐下降,性腺指数(GSI)显著上升。(2)四组中华绒螯蟹在成活率、产量和饲料系数等方面存在显著性差异(P< 0.05)。最终养成成蟹雌体体质量集中于100.00~175.00 g,雄体体质量集中于175.00~225.00 g。综上,长江与辽河水系杂交组生长性能与自交组并无显著性差异(P> 0.05),辽河水系中华绒螯蟹在长江流域经适应性养殖后,生长性能得以提高,二龄早熟性状消失,而以长江水系中华绒螯蟹作为母本的杂交种则成活率和产量杂种优势明显。  相似文献   

17.
【目的】明确中国南方水稻纹枯病菌不同地理群体的遗传结构,为研究该病害的流行规律提供信息。【方法】采用8个SSR荧光标记对收集自中国南方8省（自治区）的188个水稻纹枯病菌进行检测。利用POPGENE version 1.31软件计算各项遗传多样性参数,近交系数由FSTAT 2.9.3软件估算。基于马尔可夫链模型,采用GENEPOP 4.2软件以卡方检验估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡。应用Arlequin 3.1软件进行分子方差变异分析,并通过遗传分化系数计算基因流。基于Nei’s遗传距离,利用MEGA5.0软件构建UPGMA树状图。使用STRUCTURE 2.3.3软件的贝叶斯聚类法进行群体遗传结构分析,并估计群体间遗传混杂程度。采用Mantel test检测遗传距离与地理距离的相关性。【结果】8个地理群体的平均观测等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为4.025和2.071。Shannon’s信息指数为0.659-1.088,平均为0.859。等位基因丰富度为2.500-5.152,平均为3.858。观测杂合度为0.425-0.619,平均为0.506。期望杂合度为0.399-0.546,平均为0.472。总群体水平的近交系数（FIS = -0.069）为负值,表明总群体内杂合子过剩（纯合子缺失）。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验表明,在6个群体中存在因杂合子的缺失或过剩引起的平衡偏离,暗示了水稻纹枯病菌同时具有克隆生长和有性繁殖,两种繁殖方式间的平衡因群体而异。AMOVA分析结果显示,有88.14%的遗传变异来自群体内部的个体间,表明遗传变异主要发生在群体内。Mantel检测发现,遗传距离与其地理距离之间呈显著正相关（r=0.422,P=0.025）。UPGMA聚类表明,所有群体可被划分为遗传分化明显的两个亚群（FST =0.209-0.624）,其中位于珠江沿岸的广宁和长塘群体为一个组群,而位于长江沿岸的6个群体为另一组群,与遗传结构分析结果一致。位于长江沿岸的群体遗传混杂明显,基因交流水平高（Nm=2.525-8.447）,群体分化程度较低（FST=0.029-0.094）。【结论】中国南方水稻纹枯病菌分布范围广泛、可能的混合繁殖模式以及菌核或菌丝具有远距离传播特性,是导致其遗传多样性水平较高的原因。长江亚群内部个体在不同群体之间的迁移所形成的基因流动,在一定程度上阻止了群体间的遗传分化。而长江亚群和珠江亚群之间存在明显的遗传分化,推测病原菌有限的长距离迁移可能是群体遗传变异空间结构形成的主要原因。  相似文献   

18.
中华鳖两个地理种群遗传多样性的ISSR分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
利用ISSR分子标记技术对中华鳖2个不同地理种群(淮河群体、台湾群体)的群体遗传多样性进行分析研究。从32个ISSR引物中筛选出8个引物对2个中华鳖群体37个个体进行扩增,获得77个重复性好且谱带清晰的扩增位点,其中多态性位点47个,多态位点百分率为61.04%;2个群体的多态位点比例分别为59.57%和51.06%。Nei基因多样性分别为0.165 7和0.152 4,Shannon信息指数分别为0.216 4和0.197 7。淮河群体的遗传多样性略高于台湾群体,群体间遗传距离为0.083 7。UPGMA聚类分析显示37个个体聚成两个类群。分析结果表明2个中华鳖群体的遗传多样性相对贫乏,2个养殖群体经过较多世代的人工选育与繁殖可能形成了趋于稳定的独立遗传结构。  相似文献   

19.
张树林  邢克智  杨超 《安徽农业科学》2006,34(17):4308-4310
配制不同浓度的Mg2+、Ca2+溶液培育幼蟹,研究Mg2+、Ca2+对大眼幼体育成Ⅲ期仔蟹成活率的影响。结果表明,养殖用水中的Ca2+、Mg2+含量及Mg2+/Ca2+(R)必须达到一定范围,才能使中华绒螯蟹的生长较快,成活率较高。其中Mg2+含量在300~500 mg/L,Ca2+含量在100~200 mg/L,R=3时,中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体育成Ⅲ期仔蟹的成活率为28%~48%,Ⅲ期仔蟹的体重平均达到54.88 mg。  相似文献   

20.
研究了高淳池塘生态养殖河蟹放养密度对平均育成规格、产量和成活率的影响。结果表明,河蟹平均育成规格(Y)与放养密度(x)的关系为:Y=215.15-0.007x(R2=0.962)(P<0.05);河蟹产量(Z)与放养密度(x)的关系为:Z=270.97 0.079x(R2=0.960)(P<0.05);河蟹成活率与放养密度的关系差异不显著(P>0.05)。可以根据市场对河蟹规格的需求,调整放养密度,达到养殖效益最大化。在幼蟹规格为120~140只/kg,成活率为75%左右,平均育成规格达到170 g/只以上,高淳河蟹池塘生态养殖目前最佳放养密度不宜超过6 000只/hm2。  相似文献   

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