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不同保存方式对扁桃花粉保存效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国果树》2014,(5)
采用干燥法和玻璃化法2种方法,对新疆莎车县扁桃品种晚丰18号花粉进行了超低温保存研究。结果表明:晚丰18号花粉最佳干燥方式为4℃硅胶干燥,适宜干燥时间为68 h,干燥6h和8 h的花粉含水量分别为53.74%、52.74%,超低温保存后花粉萌发率为61.22%、63.77%,相对保存率为91.68%、97.13%;在室温(20±1)℃下以玻璃化液PVS2(30%甘油+15%乙二醇+15%二甲基亚砜+0.4 mol/L蔗糖)处理208 h,干燥6h和8 h的花粉含水量分别为53.74%、52.74%,超低温保存后花粉萌发率为61.22%、63.77%,相对保存率为91.68%、97.13%;在室温(20±1)℃下以玻璃化液PVS2(30%甘油+15%乙二醇+15%二甲基亚砜+0.4 mol/L蔗糖)处理2030 min后,超低温保存的花粉萌发率最高,为40.88%30 min后,超低温保存的花粉萌发率最高,为40.88%41.53%;不同解冻方式间花粉萌发率差异极显著,以35℃解冻70 s的萌发效果最好;干燥法保存效果较玻璃化法保存好,超低温保存时间对花粉萌发率无显著影响。 相似文献
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不同基因型梨叶片离体培养和植株再生 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以‘巴梨’、‘身不知’和‘早酥’梨试管苗叶片为外植体, 对不定芽进行了诱导、增殖和生根。重点探讨了基本培养基、植物生长调节剂配比、AgNO3 不同浓度和NH4+-N与NO3--N比例对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明, MS + TDZ 0.5 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L为‘巴梨’叶片不定芽发生的最佳培养基。在QL + TDZ 1.0 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上, 暗培养3周后转光下培养, ‘身不知’和‘早酥’分别获得89.6%、81.2%的不定芽再生率和3.45、3.73的平均再生芽数; 对‘巴梨’和‘早酥’不定芽再生有效促进的AgNO3 浓度范围为0.1～0.5 mg/L, 0.1～4.0 mg/L的AgNO3、1∶2～7的NH4+-N∶NO 3--N和21.50mmol/L的K+对‘身不知’叶片再生均有促进作用, 缺乏NH4+-N不利于不定芽的再生; 转移到MS+BA1.0 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L培养基上能快速增殖; 在MS、1 /4MS + IBA 1.0～2.5 mg/L +蔗糖5～15 g/L +活性炭0.5～1.0 g/L上获得了不同程度的生根苗。 相似文献
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以八年生甜樱桃品种‘布鲁克斯’‘美早’‘早大果’‘晚红珠’为试材,对其开花物候期、花器官特征、花粉特性、柱头可授性等指标进行测定,系统了解甜樱桃在阿拉尔地区开花生物学特征,以期为阿拉尔地区甜樱桃的高效栽培提供参考依据。结果表明：4个甜樱桃品种花期相近,‘布鲁克斯’的发育速率较快,‘早大果’和‘晚红珠’的花期较长。‘美早’的花冠直径、花瓣纵横径均为最大,‘布鲁克斯’和‘早大果’易出现多雌蕊现象。4个甜樱桃品种均为中等型花粉,其中‘布鲁克斯’的极轴长最大为49.07μm,赤道轴长‘美早’最大为24.53μm,花粉粒的外壁纹饰均呈条纹状。‘晚红珠’的柱头可授性最强,‘早大果’的单花花粉量最多,蔗糖浓度在10 g·L-1时花粉萌发率最高,其中‘早大果’的花粉活力最高。不同品种甜樱桃的开花生物学特性存在差异,生产上建议选择物候期相近且花粉活力高的品种搭配种植来提高坐果率和产量。 相似文献
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用花粉离体染色法、培养法测定‘白天堂’、‘爱莱尔’、‘晚安’、‘仙女宁芙’等4个百合品种花粉离体染色率和萌发率。结果表明,4个百合品种的花粉离体染色率平均为57.13%,花粉离体萌发率平均为58.63%,其中‘白天堂’染色率、萌发率最高,为68%和75%。对相对生活力最高的品种‘白天堂’的花粉采用I-KI染色法、TTC染色法2种方法测定花粉生活力,以蔗糖硼酸培养法为对照。经研究花粉活力衰减规律表明,I-KI染色法测定花粉与蔗糖硼酸培养法不一致,不适用于百合花粉生活力的测定;TTC染色法测定值与蔗糖硼酸培养法规律一致,是一种快速测定百合花粉力活性的有效方法。 相似文献
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百合4个品种花粉生活力及3种测定方法的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用花粉离体染色法、培养法测定‘白天堂’、‘爱莱尔’、‘晚安’、‘仙女宁芙’等4个百合品种花粉离体染色率和萌发率。结果表明,4个百合品种的花粉离体染色率平均为57.13%,花粉离体萌发率平均为58.63%,其中‘白天堂’染色率、萌发率最高,为68%和75%。对相对生活力最高的品种‘白天堂’的花粉采用I-KI染色法、TTC染色法2种方法测定花粉生活力,以蔗糖硼酸培养法为对照。经研究花粉活力衰减规律表明,I-KI染色法测定花粉与蔗糖硼酸培养法不一致,不适用于百合花粉生活力的测定;TTC染色法测定值与蔗糖硼酸培养法规律一致,是一种快速测定百合花粉力活性的有效方法。 相似文献
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SummaryPollen morphology and ultrastructure are described for four male-fertile cultivars (‘Firdola’, ‘Karamehmet’, ‘Sar?a?lama’, and ‘Hac?ömer’) and two male-sterile cultivars (‘Osmanog?lu’ and ‘Vakit Kestanesi’) of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) using light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen grains of both male-fertile and male-sterile chestnut cultivars are tricolporate, the germinal furrow extending almost the full length of the grain axis. Pollen grains have a slightly reticulate exine. Pollen grain length varied from 13.33 – 21.30 µm, and decreased significantly in the male-sterile cultivars. Three different pollen shapes were observed among the cultivars: prolate, perprolate, and sub-prolate. The ultrastructure of the pollen grains did not differ between male-fertile and male-sterile cultivars. Intine, exine and total wall thickness (exine + intine) of pollen grains were determined as: 83.2 – 153.1 nm, 432.8 – 520.0 nm, and 516.0 – 651.6 nm, respectively; and variations were significant (P ≤ 0.05) among cultivars. The percentages of in vitro germination of pollen grains of male-fertile cultivars were between 11 – 78%, and the variations among cultivars were significant (P ≤ 0.05). The percentages of empty pollen grains observed among cultivars ranged from 3 – 32%. The correlation coefficient between the percentage of normal pollen and the germination rate was r = 0.898 (P ≤ 0.01). 相似文献
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以‘新世纪’、‘石原早生’、‘澳李14’李品种为试材,研究60Co-γ辐射,对李花粉发芽率的影响。结果表明:不同剂量率对李花粉发芽率影响较明显,‘新世纪’李、‘澳李14’李均以剂量率0.6 Gy/min辐射后花粉发芽率最高,且随剂量率的升高花粉发芽率逐渐降低;‘石原早生’李以1.2 Gy/min最高。不同剂量对不同李品种花粉发芽率影响相同,‘新世纪’李、‘石原早生’李、‘澳李14’均以剂量20 Gy辐射后花粉发芽率最高,且随剂量的升高花粉发芽率逐渐降低。说明低剂量、低剂量率辐射不同李品种花粉后发芽率较高,可用于远缘杂交育种。 相似文献
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测定百合花粉生命力的液体培养基研究 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
以东方百合品种‘索蚌’的新鲜花粉为试材, 利用单因子试验比较了液体培养基中蔗糖浓度及硼、钙、镁、钾对其萌发的影响。在此基础上进行正交试验, 比较蔗糖、H3BO3 、CaCl2 对百合花粉萌发的影响。试验结果表明: 蔗糖和H3BO3 对百合花粉萌发有极显著影响。适宜的花粉培养液为: 蔗糖100 g·L - 1 +H3BO3 20 mg·L - 1 +CaCl2 20～30 mg·L - 1。纯水培养液会造成花粉原生质体破裂, 内含物外流;高浓度的蔗糖和盐会造成原生质体失水萎缩, 质壁分离, 这两种情况都抑制花粉萌发。 相似文献
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苹果属观赏海棠品种花粉形态及分类研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用环境扫描电镜观察山荆子等17个苹果属原生种及'道格'等25个观赏海棠品种的花粉形态特征,采用类平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类分析,探讨其花粉的主要特征及差异,研究亲缘关系及类群。结果表明,苹果属植物花粉为N3P4C5型,呈两侧对称的长球形或超长球形,赤道面具3条孔沟,沿极轴方向延伸至两极,萌发沟内有内孔,花粉表面为条状纹饰,有穿孔;各种或品种间花粉粒大小及外壁纹饰差异明显。聚类分析表明,佛罗伦萨海棠等2个苹果属原生种以及'罗宾逊'等7个观赏海棠品种聚为第一类群;山荆子等9个苹果属原生种以及'霍巴'等3个观赏海棠品种聚为第二类群;赛威士苹果等4个苹果属原生种以及'道格'等1个观赏海棠品种聚为第三类群;野香海棠等2个苹果属原生种以及'凯尔斯'等14个观赏海棠品种聚为第四类群。25个观赏海棠品种起源于北美洲基因中心,并通过与欧洲、亚洲基因中心的苹果种间杂交形成亲缘关系复杂的品种。 相似文献
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沙芥花粉萌发特性和柱头可授性的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用培养基发芽法研究沙芥花粉萌发特性;用人工异株授粉法和联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定柱头可授期。结果表明：沙芥花粉萌发的最佳培养基是20%蔗糖+0.001%硼酸;花粉能够萌发的温度范围为15～38 ℃,最适萌发温度为25 ℃;从花蕾充分膨大期至开花后16 h花粉活力较强,开花后48 h花粉基本无活力;花粉储藏的适宜条件为低温（4 ℃）,储藏期为7 d。柱头可授期为开花前48 h至开花后96 h,其中开花后24～72 h可授性强。 相似文献
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J. R. Luo P. Arens L. X. Niu 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(3):258-263
In order to induce viable 2n pollen from highly sterile diploid Oriental × Trumpet (OT) (Lilium), N2O was used to treat flower buds of four sterile diploid OT cultivars (‘Nymph’, ‘Gluhwein’, ‘Yelloween’, and ‘Shocking’) at different stages of meiosis. There was no pollen germination in the controls. However, after N2O treatment at 600 kPa, three of the OT hybrids (‘Nymph’, ‘Gluhwein’, and ‘Yelloween’) not only exhibited fertile flower percentages (4.3–16%), but also higher rates of pollen germination (18.8–72.5%). In addition, both the fertile flower percentages and rates of pollen germination were higher following 48 h N2O treatment at 600 kPa than the 24 h treatment. Following 72 h N2O treatment at 600 kPa, most flower buds or plants were damaged and any undamaged flowers showed abnormal anthers at the time of flowering. This indicated that 48 h of N2O treatment at 600 kPa was optimal to induce viable 2n pollen in three out of four sterile hybrid OT lily cultivars. These results also showed that prophase I – metaphase I was the optimum stage of meiosis at which to induce 2n pollen by N2O treatment in lily hybrids. 相似文献
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N. Sukhvibul V. Vithanage M. K. Smith V. J. Doogan Suzan E. Hetherington 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):214-222
SummaryThe effect of a constant (10, 15, 20 or 25°C) or a diurnal maximum/minimum (15/5, 20/10, 25/15 or 30/20°C) incubation temperature on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth in the pistils of two poly-embryonic (‘Kensington’ and ‘Nam Dok Mai’), and two mono-embryonic (‘Irwin’ and ‘Sensation’) mango cultivars was studied. In in vitro experiments where pollen was incubated in a liquid germination medium for 24 h in darkness, little difference was found between pollen germination of mono- and poly-embryonic cultivars. Averaged over the four cultivars, 53.9% of pollen germinated at 10°C, this increased to 76.2% when the incubation temperature was increased to 15°C, thereafter up to 25°C the percentage germination remained stable but germination decreased slightly to 68.2% at 30°C. Similarly, there was no difference in percent germination between cultivars when pollen was incubated under diurnal temperature regimes. Mean pollen germination of all four cultivars was 52.3% at 15/5°C and pollen germination increased by 10% when the temperature was raised to 30/20°C. When self-pollinated flowers were incubated for 24 h on a semi-solid agar medium at 10°C, pollen tube growth of the four cultivars was retarded and no pollen tubes reached the ovaries. As the temperature was increased from 15 to 25°C, the mean number of pollen tubes in ovaries increased from 0.04 to 0.25. At 30°C, the mean number of pollen tubes that entered ovaries decreased to 0.04. After incubation under diurnal temperature regimes, the mean number of pollen tubes in ovaries of all four cultivars at 15/5°C was 0.23 and increased to 0.42 when the temperature increased to 30/20°C. At each incubation temperature, there were significant differences in pollen tube growth between cultivars, but there were no differences between the temperature response of pollen from mono- and poly-embryonic cultivars. 相似文献
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以17个鲜食杏品种、4个仁用杏品种和4个杏李杂交品种为试材,对单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度进行测定,并观察统计了这25个杏品种的完全花比例,为杏主栽品种选择适宜授粉树。结果表明:不同杏品种间单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度和完全花比率差异显著;不同果实类型(鲜食、仁用和杏李杂交)间花粉量和完全花比例差异显著,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度则没有果实类型间的显著差异。花粉量与花粉萌发率和完全花比率之间无显著相关性,而与花粉管长度显著相关(r=0.417,P0.05);花粉萌发率与花粉管长度极显著正相关(r=0.691,P0.01),与完全花比率负相关但不显著。聚类分析发现,花粉量较多且花粉管生长状况较好的杏品种有"串枝红"、"沙金红"、"金太阳"和"胡安娜",适宜作为授粉树;花粉粒较少和花粉管生长状况较弱的有"恐龙蛋"、"味帝"和"苏联4号",而它们的完全花比例都很高,需要配置授粉树。 相似文献
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In order to characterize pollen viability and germinability by biochemical parameters, an introductory investigation was made of the germinability in vitro of pollen of 2 apple cultivars, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starkrimson’, partially self-incompatible and totally self-incompatible, respectively. Best results of percent germination were obtained for both cultivars after 120 min incubation in Petri dishes at 30°C in a medium containing 0.2 M sucrose, 20 μg/ml H3BO3, 300 μg/ml Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O. Optimum pH was 6.0 for ‘Starkrimson’ and 7.0 for ‘Golden Delicious’. 相似文献
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Shu-Biao Wu Graham Collins 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):665-673
SummarySelf- and cross-incompatibility of the olive cultivars Frantoio, Manzanillo, Kalamata, Pendolino, and Picual were investigated using a 5 × 5 diallel matrix. Pistils were collected seven days after controlled pollinations on the day of flower opening, and pollen tubes were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Diallel analysis showed significant specific combining ability, general combining ability and reciprocal effects between cultivars for pollen tube growth in the pistil. ‘Frantoio’ was cross-compatible, as either a male or female parent, with each of the other cultivars, but showed a high degree of self-incompatibility. ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Kalamata’, ‘Pendolino’, and ‘Picual’ were crossincompatible, and all except for ‘Manzanillo’, were self-incompatible. It is concluded that ‘Frantoio’ is a good general polleniser for the other cultivars investigated. Pollen tube growth decreased in discrete steps from stigma to upper style, and from upper style to lower style, with the result that only one, and rarely more, pollen tube penetrated ovules. The sex ratio of flowers, and pollen viability using fluroescein diacetate staining and in vitro germination, were examined. ‘Frantoio’, ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ had more than 80% perfect flowers, while ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ had less than 30%. ‘Frantoio’ had the highest pollen viability, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ were intermediate, and ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ the lowest. Pollen staining and both in vitro and in vivo germination provided the same male fertility rankings of cultivars. 相似文献