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1.
对广东省蕉岭长潭自然保护区的阔叶混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、毛竹林、针阔混交林等五种典型林分的土壤水分物理性质进行了研究,结果表明:(1)五种林分类型土壤自然含水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量的排序为毛竹林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松林〉杉木林〉阔叶混交林;非毛管孔隙度和非毛管持水量的排序为针阔混交林〉阔叶混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林〉毛竹林。(2)五种林分的非毛管孔隙度;阔叶混交林、杉木林、针阔混交林的总孔隙度;阔叶混交林的毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、非毛管持水量;针阔混交林的自然含水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、非毛管持水量都是随着土层深度的增加而减少。阔叶混交林、毛竹林、杉木林、针阔混交林的土壤容重是随土层深度的增加而增加。(3)同一土层不同林分间的容重、孔隙度、自然含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量和最小持水量都没有显著差异,而同一林分的物理性质和持水特性在不同土层之间存在显著差异。  相似文献   

2.
杉木福建柏混交林效益研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
通过对杉木福建柏混交林中单株生物量组成、土壤团粒组成、土壤孔隙和水分状况的研究分析, 结果表明: 混交林中杉木每hm 2 蓄积量是杉木纯林的169 倍, 细根量是杉木纯林的15 倍; 与纯林相比, 混交林中0~20cm 土层> 025m m 水稳性团聚体高出901% ; 结构体破坏率低1582% ; 有机质和水解性 N 含量分别高0245% 和131×10- 6; 毛管孔隙、非毛管孔隙、总孔隙高009% 、091% 、100% , 土壤容重低0057gcm - 3; 最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量分别高300% 、350% 、204% ; 混交林40cm 土层含水量也比纯林大155t·hm - 2。由于混交林的结构较为合理,能一定程度改善土壤理化性质、提高林分生产力,是一种值得推广的造林模式。  相似文献   

3.
不同密度油松人工林水源涵养功能研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨油松人工林不同林分密度水源涵养功能,以辽西地区35年生油松人工林为研究对象,对4种不同林分密度(1449株·hm-2、1949株·hm-2、2429株·hm-2、3418株·hm-2)油松人工林的土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤总贮水量、非毛管持水量、枯落物蓄积量、最大持水量等指标进行了测试。结果表明:不同密度油松人工林土壤容重在0~10 cm层随密度增大而增大,以1449株·hm-2林分最小,10~20 cm层变化规律不明显;0~10 cm层土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤总贮水量、毛管持水量,随林分密度增加而减小,以1449株·hm-2林分最高,10~20 cm层变化规律不明显;枯落物总蓄积量、枯落物层最大持水率和最大持水量均以密度2429株·hm-2的林分最大,密度3418株·hm-2的林分最小,密度1449株·hm-2林分处于中等水平。综合试验结果,辽西地区油松人工林密度在1449株·hm-2其水源涵养功能多项指标优于其他林分。  相似文献   

4.
杉木光皮桦混交林效益的调查研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
秦义建  余朝建 《广西林业科学》2000,29(4):189-191,196
对桂西北杉木光皮桦混交林和杉木纯林的对比研究表明,35年生杉桦混交林的立木蓄积量为441.087m^3/hm^2,比杉木纯林高3.6%。混交林枯枝地层现存量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg五种元素的积累量分别为13.18t/hm^2和299.5kg/hm^2,分别比杉木纯林高9.7%和69.9%。8混交林地(0~100cm)土壤容重为0.81~1.22g/cm^3,比杉木纯林低1.0%~8.0%,而土壤孔隙度,通气度和持水量分别比杉木纯林高2.0%~3.9%。土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别比杉木纯高5.5%~49.8%。  相似文献   

5.
日本柳杉和杉木人工混交林生物量及生产力研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从日本柳杉和杉木人工混交林生物量及生产力的研究结果表明:16年生,密度为1770株/hm^2的日本柳杉和杉木混交林,其两个树种的单株生物量分别可达到152.10Kg和73.7Kg。林分生物量达到268.00t/hm^2,其中乔木层生物量为248.05t/hm^2(日本柳杉生物产量为228.15t/hm^2,杉木19.90t/hm^2)占林分总生物产量的92.70%;草灌层总量为10.22t/hm^  相似文献   

6.
【目的】研究甘肃南部不同密度云杉人工幼龄林的径级结构、树高结构、空间分布和土壤理化特征,探讨林分最佳留存密度,以期为人工云杉林的营建与可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】采用固定样地调查、角尺度研究及分层取样分析的方法,设置7种不同林分密度(850,1 060,1 350,1 550,1 750,2 300和3 000株·hm~(-2))人工云杉幼龄林(林龄30~40年)样地28块,测定径级结构、树高结构、冠幅、角尺度等林分结构以及土壤密度、土壤饱和持水量、田间持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾等土壤理化性质,计算各指标的平均值、标准差,并进行各指标间的差异性检验。【结果】林分的平均胸径和冠幅随林分密度增大而减小,平均树高则随林分密度的增大先增大后减小;不同密度林分径级结构和高度结构均呈现正态分布的单峰曲线,峰值径级随着密度增大而逐渐减小,胸径处于12~24 cm树木的频度较高而DBH24 cm和DBH12 cm的树木很少;采用角尺度研究林分空间分布格局,林分角尺度值随着林分密度增大而逐渐减小,林分密度≤1 550株·hm~(-2)时为随机分布,林分密度1 550株·hm~(-2)时为均匀分布;林分密度是影响云杉人工林土壤理化性质(尤其是土壤有机质含量和总孔隙度)的关键因子;中密度(1 550株·hm~(-2 ))时土壤养分含量总体较高,土壤密度最小,表层(0~20 cm)土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量和总孔隙度都最大,土壤理化特性均优于过密或过疏的林分。【结论】林分密度与林分结构特征以及土壤理化性质密切相关,中等密度(1 550株·hm~(-2))利于保持较好的林分结构特征和土壤理化性质,是甘肃南部云杉人工幼龄林分的最佳留存密度。  相似文献   

7.
在阜新蒙古族自治县选择不同生长阶段的沙棘林下的土壤为主要研究对象,对其理化性质进行了测定。结果表明:随着沙棘年龄的增长,沙棘林下土壤容重逐渐降低,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量均提高;土壤pH值随林龄增加而降低,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷等化学指标均随林龄增加而增加;全钾和速效钾含量随沙棘林龄的增加而减少。  相似文献   

8.
为评价速生人工林的土壤环境效应,文章对比分析了海南昌江县次生林、桉树人工林和相思树人工林的土壤水分物理性质。结果表明:(1)在0~60 cm次生林土壤容重最小,其次是桉树林,相思林最大,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、毛管/非毛管孔隙度比值、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量以及毛管/饱和含水量大小顺序均表现为次生林>桉树林>相思林;(2)桉树林、相思林与次生林0~60 cm土壤贮水能力相差较大;(3)3种林分间同一层土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤毛管/非毛管孔隙度比值、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量、贮水能力的方差分析结果显示,除底层达到显著差异(p<0.05)或极显著差异(p<0.01)外,其余3层均不显著,各层土壤毛管含水量/饱和含水量比值差异不显著(p>0.05);(4)3种林分土壤容重随土壤深度增大而增大,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管次生林以及田间持水量均随土层厚度增加而减少;(5)次生林的土壤容重、孔隙特征、持水性以及贮水能力随土壤深度变化,但差异均不显著(p>0.05);而桉树林和相思林的所有观测土壤物理变量...  相似文献   

9.
5年生马尾松造纸工艺林密度试验结果表明:平均树高受造林密度的影响较小,在一定密度范围内平均胸径随造林密度的增大而减小;单位面积的材积、生物量随造林密度的增大而增大;综合林分生长、生物量结构和经济效益等因素,马尾松造纸工艺林造林密度3333株/hm2较为经济合理。  相似文献   

10.
杉木、黄山松人工混交林的生长特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对杉木分布区北缘的安徽省大别山高海拔山地的杉木、黄山松人工混交林生长特点进行了系统研究。结果表明:在立地条件、林分密度和经营措施一致的条件下,混交林比杉木纯林具有更高的生产力,中龄期的混交林立木蓄积量和总胸高断面积分别为188.78~289.67m3/hm2和36.31~42.15m3/hm2,比纯林提高60.27%和19.85%;混交林生物量高达128.27~179.18t/hm2,高于纯林21.99%~70.40%;混交林地上部生物量密度为12.00~15.87t/hm2·m,而杉纯林为10.24~11.64t/hm2·m。树高与胸径的关系分析揭示混交林在幼龄期,杉木个体树干在垂直方向的生长有显著促进,到中龄期则在径向的生长有明显提高。不同林分杉木胸径生长过程有较大差异,混交林中杉木胸径生长在高峰期后随年龄增长保持一定水平,而纯林杉木则呈明显的下降趋势;黄山松个体不论是混交林或纯林,其胸径生长在10~12年生后均随年龄增长而下降。  相似文献   

11.
Stem maintenance respiration rates were measured in five contrasting balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands. At 15 degrees C, average respiration rates for individual stands ranged from 120 to 235 micro mol m(-3) s(-1) when expressed per unit of sapwood volume, from 0.80 to 1.80 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) when expressed per unit of stem surface area, and from 0.50 to 1.00 micro mol g(-1) s(-1) when expressed per unit of nitrogen in the living stem biomass, but differences among stands were not statistically significant. Coefficients of variation ranged from 50 to 100% within stands and were similar for all bases used to express respiration rates. Coefficients of determination for regressions between chamber flux and chamber values of sapwood volume, stem surface area and nitrogen content varied between stands and no one base was consistently higher than the other bases. We conclude that the bases for expressing stem respiration are equally useful. Respiration rates were more closely correlated to stem temperature observed approximately 2 h earlier than to current stem temperature. Among stands, annual stem maintenance respiration per hectare varied from 0.1 to 0.4 Mmol ha(-1) year(-1), primarily because of large differences in sapwood volumes per hectare. Annual stem maintenance respiration per unit of leaf area ranged from 3 to 6 mol m(-2) year(-1), increasing as sapwood volume per hectare increased.  相似文献   

12.
文章以流溪河林场5 种不同林分为研究对象,分析其枯落物和土壤持水特性。结果表明:(1) 5 种林分枯落物持水能力表现为:荔枝(Litchi chinensis)林> 针阔混交林> 杉木林> 阔叶混交林> 毛竹 林;(2)5 种林分0 ~ 60 cm 土壤容重随土层深度增加而增大,60 cm 土层平均容重大小依次为:毛竹林< 针阔混交林< 阔叶混交林< 杉木林< 荔枝林;(3)5 种林分土壤总孔隙度平均大小依次为毛竹林> 针阔 混交林> 阔叶混交林> 杉木林> 荔枝林;(4)5 种林分土壤贮水量大小为毛竹林> 针阔混交林> 荔枝林> 杉木林> 阔叶混交林。总体而言,荔枝林枯落物持水性最好,毛竹林土壤持水性最强。  相似文献   

13.
间伐强度对杉木人工林林下植被和土壤性质的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
【目的】从发展林下植被、改善群落结构的角度,探讨适合杉木人工林的间伐强度,为提高人工林的稳定性和维护地力、维持人工林的可持续经营提供依据。【方法】2013年对福建省将乐国有林场的杉木人工林采取3种强度间伐:弱度间伐(LT,10%~25%)、中度间伐(MT,25%~35%)和强度间伐(HT,40%~50%),并设置对照样地(CK,未间伐)。于2016年对样地内林木进行每木检尺,调查林下植被物种多样性、盖度、生物量和土壤理化性质。对测定数据进行单因素方差分析,用Tukey法多重比较进行两两差异显著性检验,并对林下植被与土壤理化性质进行Pearson相关分析。【结果】间伐3年后,未间伐、弱度和中度间伐的盖度分别为25.52%、52.81%和58.98%,林下植被均未能形成群落,强度间伐的盖度为100%,林下形成灌木蕨类群落;灌木层物种丰富度、多样性指数、盖度和生物量均随间伐强度增加而增加,均匀度指数随间伐强度的增加而降低;草本层物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、盖度和生物量均随间伐强度增加而增加;间伐3年后,弱度、中度、强度间伐林比未间伐林的表层土(0~10 cm)有机质含量分别增加71.41%、39.31%和98.10%,全氮含量分别增加82.76%、51.27%和115.87%,碱解氮含量分别增加49.47%、25.59%和42.22%,有效磷含量分别增加138.29%、112.23%和174.29%,速效钾含量分别增加-16.25%、-24.25%和16.27%,对表层土pH值、全磷含量和土壤物理性质的影响均不显著;灌木的盖度和生物量与土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均显著(P<0.05)正相关,此外灌木的盖度还与速效钾含量显著(P<0.05)正相关,草本盖度与土壤理化性质相关性不强,草本生物量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮以及有效磷含量显著(P<0.05)正相关,林下植被的盖度和生物量均与土壤pH值和物理性质没有显著相关性。【结论】未间伐的杉木人工林林下植被的物种多样性、盖度和生物量均低,林下植被未能形成群落,缺乏稳定性;间伐能够促进林下植被的发育,增加林下植被生物多样性、盖度和生物量,林下植被能形成群落,可提高维护地力的能力,尤其是强度间伐;建议杉木人工幼龄林进行40%~50%强度的抚育间伐,将郁闭度调整到0.6~0.7较为合理。  相似文献   

14.
通过对11年生樟子松和落叶松林分调查研究,结果表明:利用开沟或穴状整地方式营造的“两松”林分比全面整地方式造林的树木提前2 a进入高、径生长速生期。开沟整地的18年生樟子松每公顷蓄积量比常规整地的每公顷高出0.396倍。开沟整地的11年生落叶松林分,每公顷蓄积量比常规整地高出0.23倍。开沟整地方式的落叶松林分中土壤含水率为16.95%,比常规整地的高出2.9个百分点;容重比常规整地的减少0.29 g.cm-3,总孔隙度比常规整地的增加9.8个百分点。有机质、有效N、全N分别比常规整地的高出2.07、2.33、1.51倍。  相似文献   

15.
Forest floor characteristics influence nutrient cycling and energy flow properties of forest ecosystems, and determine quality of habitat for many forest plants and animals. Differential crown recession and crown development among stands of differing density suggest that an opportunity may exist to control the input of fine woody litter into the system by manipulating stand density. The objective was to measure the rate of branch mortality among stands of differing density and to estimate the range in total per hectare necromass inputs. Although litter traps are reliable for estimating per hectare rates of litterfall, branch mortality dating on sectioned stems uniquely allows assessment of several other litterfall components: (1) individual tree contributions to total litterfall; (2) the amount of branch material released by mortality, regardless of whether the branches are shed to the forest floor; (3) the distribution of basal diameters characterizing the litterfall from a given tree and stand. Twenty-four trees were felled and sectioned on permanent plots that were part of a silvicultural study of stand density regimes in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco.). Whorl branches were dissected out of bole sections to determine the dates of mortality, and a branch biomass equation was applied to estimate potential rate of litterfall. Periodic annual rates were expressed in four ways: (1) number of branches per tree; (2) mass of branches per tree; (3) mass of branches per unit of crown projection area; (4) mass of branches per hectare. For the growth periods investigated, larger trees and trees growing on denser plots tended to release a greater necromass through branch mortality. Average branch basal diameter generally decreased with increasing stand density. Annual branch mortality ranged from 33 to 430 g m−2 crown projection area for individual trees, and from 236 to 1035 kg ha−1 for individual plots. These rates approached the low end of the range of previously published fine litterfall rates for Douglas-fir. Rates on these plots were relatively low owing to the temporary delay in crown recession imposed by artificial thinning. A conceptual model of branch litter dynamics is presented to depict consistencies with crown development among stands managed under different density regimes.  相似文献   

16.
This paper describes a study into the influences of spacing on the early performance and biomass production of Gliricidia sepium in an alley cropping system in southern Sierra Leone. Four between-row spacings of 2, 4, 6 and 8 m were combined with three within-row spacings (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00m) in a split plot experimental design.Survival, tree height and leaf nitrogen content were not affected by between- or within-row spacings. For the other parameters measured, namely root-collar diameter, branch production, total biomass and nitrogen yields per hectare, it was found that for equivalent tree densities, the lower the rectangularity of planting, the better the performance of the individual trees, and consequently the greater the yields per hectare.Total biomass production per unit area was, expectedly, greatest where the spacings between hedgerows were closest, while production per plant decreased with closer within-row spacings. The total fresh and dry weights of leaves and stems, as well as leaf nitrogen yields per unit area were strongly influenced by between-row spacing and less so by within-row spacing.  相似文献   

17.
This study examined the impact of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) on tree growth, product recovery, stand value and financial return in jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario. Ten sites composed of both control and PCT stands representing various stand densities (2000–6000 trees/ha) and stand ages (26–36 years old) were selected for this study. Three thousand and eighty-two trees were measured for DBH and total height, and were reconstructed in 3-D using a taper equation for jack pine. The reconstructed virtual trees were then “sawn” using the software package Optitek to obtain optimal lumber value recovery, which was then used to determine total product value per tree and financial return. The quadratic mean DBHs of trees from the PCT stands were significantly larger than those from the control stands for all 10 sites. Six of ten PCT stands had significantly taller trees than did the controls of the same sites. With increasing stand density, tree DBH decreased in the control stands while no consistent pattern could be recognized for the DBH of the PCT stands. The increment in average DBH due to PCT increased with increasing thinning intensity. PCT reduced total tree volume per hectare, benefited merchantable stem volume per hectare, and improved the total lumber volume and value recovery per hectare. On average, the PCT stands produced approximately $2760 and $1770/ha (or 19.6 and 16.1%) more product value per hectare for the dimension mill and stud mill, respectively. PCT also significantly reduced logging and lumber conversion costs. Higher total product values and lower total costs resulted in higher benefit/cost (B/C) ratios in the PCT stands than did in the control stands. The increased financial return due to PCT is associated with the magnitude of difference in quadratic mean DBH resulting from PCT. The B/C ratio difference between control and PCT stands increased with increasing thinning intensity. Overall, this study indicates that PCT appears to be an economically viable silvicultural investment for jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario.  相似文献   

18.
对黄柏人工纯林伐倒样木的调查,研究表明:黄柏林木单株各器官组织的生物量与胸径(D)的平方及树高(H)的乘积(D~2H)有密切的双对数直线相关,即:w=a(D~2H)~b;11—12年生黄柏林分(密度975株/ha)的平均生物量为24.22t/ha,主要分布在8m以下层次;在同一林分中,不同生长势树体其地上部分生物量的垂直分布差异显著;不同年龄和不同胸径的树体与树皮生物量均有显著的直线相关;胸径,年龄与胸高处皮厚有显著的二元回归相关,且胸径对树皮的影响远较年龄大。  相似文献   

19.
为探讨不同生长发育阶段林地土壤肥力状况及地力衰退趋势,分析影响地力衰退的主要影响因子,以不同林龄(2、4、6、8和11 a)杉木短周期小径材培育人工林的土壤样本为研究对象,检测土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、水解性氮、速效钾、有效磷、有效铁、交换性钙、交换性镁含量和pH值共11个土壤肥力指标,分析不同林龄土壤养分差异及其变化趋势。结果表明:除土壤pH值外,土壤主要肥力指标的变化幅度较大,有机质、全氮、水解性氮、速效钾、有效磷含量在不同土层和不同林龄间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);随着林龄的增长,林地土壤有机质和氮磷肥消耗较大,其中,表土层(0~20 cm)有机质、水解性氮、有效磷含量到11 a主伐时的降幅均超过30%,但不同林龄间各肥力指标差异不显著;采用改进后的Nemerow法计算的土壤肥力综合指数为0.412~0.530,土壤肥力等级为Ⅲ级(P_综<0.9),土壤肥力较低,相比较而言,土壤中有机质和氮肥含量较充足,而交换性阳离子极为贫乏;有机质、速效钾、水解性氮、有效磷含量与综合肥力指数呈显著或极显著正相关(R_偏~2>0.8),是影响土壤肥力的主要因子;土壤肥力综合指数随林龄增大而降低,11 a主伐期比造林初期(2 a)下降22.26%,但不同林龄间各单项肥力指数及综合肥力指数均不存在显著差异(P>0.08)。在该栽培模式的超短经营周期内,随着林龄增大及林木生长对土壤养分的消耗,林地土壤肥力出现一定程度的退化现象,但并未达到显著水平,有必要通过提高整地质量、改良土壤、林粮间作、增施有机肥及氮磷钾肥等措施适度增加土壤肥力,维持林地长期生产力。  相似文献   

20.
福建柏、杉木及其混交林生长与生态效应研究   总被引:66,自引:1,他引:66  
盛炜彤  薛秀康 《林业科学》1992,28(5):397-404
本文从林分生长、空间分布格局、生物量及其与生态环境的相互作用等方面对14年生福建柏、杉木纯林及其混交林作了对比研究。结果表明,在南方丘陵营造福建柏、杉木混交林有利于维护地力和形成稳定的人工林生态系统,在经济、生态和美学方面均优于杉木纯林。混交林生物量比杉木、福建柏纯林高22.9%和4.7%,达79.58 t/ha,福建柏纯林比杉木纯林高17.4%。补植福建柏是改造杉木中低产林的有效措施之一。  相似文献   

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