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1.
OBJECTIVE: To assess intra- and interobserver repeatability of ocular biometric measurements obtained by means of high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography in dogs. Animals-6 Beagles without ocular abnormalities. PROCEDURES: B-mode ultrasonography was performed bilaterally with a 10.5-MHz broadband compact linear array transducer. All measurements were made on 2 different occasions by 2 observers. The Bland-Altman method was used to assess agreement between measurements obtained by the 2 observers and between the 2 sets of measurements obtained by each observer. RESULTS: Intra- and interobserver repeatability was highest for larger measurements, such as depth of the eye and depth of the anterior chamber. When repeatability was examined, bias was significantly different from 0 for only a few measurements, but the percentage difference between observations was as high as 180% for some measurements. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that most measurements of intraocular distances and structures obtained by means of high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography have acceptable intra- and interobserver repeatability. However, the percentage difference between observations can be high for smaller measurements.  相似文献   

2.
The normal ultrasonographic anatomy and biometry of 60 adult sheep and 60 adult cattle eyes were evaluated by saline immersion technique. Five intraocular dimensions were taken: corneal thickness, aqueous chamber depth, lens diameter, vitreous chamber depth and axis bulbi. The eyes were then frozen and cut in a sagittal plane and the same dimensions were measured directly. A- and B-mode measurements were compared with each other and with that of direct measurements. There was no difference between A- and B-mode measurements. However, there was a difference between ultrasound and direct measurements.  相似文献   

3.
Ultrasonographic imaging and thickness measurements of sole horn and underlying soft tissue layer were evaluated in 100 bovine claw specimens. The claws were trimmed and examined in longitudinal planes using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. The sole horn, underlying soft tissue layer and distal surface of the distal phalanx of all claws were clearly visualized. The sole horn had a heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance; the underlying soft tissue layer was predominantly anechoic. Corium and subcutis could be differentiated. The best imaging of these structures was achieved in claws with less than 10 mm sole horn thickness and soft sole horn. Imaging of the dorsal wall structures was more difficult. In each claw, B- and A-mode measurements of horn thickness of sole and dorsal wall and distance from outer claw surface to distal phalanx surface were made at three marked points on the weightbearing surface and at one point on the dorsal wall. In 10 claws, CT-images were taken and the horn density was determined. All claws were then frozen, transected and anatomical reference measurements were made after thawing. Statistical correlation coefficients of 0.88 and higher were found for B-mode ultrasonographic and anatomical measurements of sole horn thickness. A-mode proved not to be useful for the sole horn thickness measurement. B-mode ultrasonography was carried out successfully in the claws of five living cattle.  相似文献   

4.
Transabdominal ultrasonography was performed to visualize the development of intraocular structures of both eyes of four different fetuses in each of two pregnant beagles. Postnatally the development of both eyes of 11 pups was visualized with ultrasonography. Furthermore, biometric measurements of the length of the eye, the depth of cornea, the anterior chamber, the lens (anteroposterior depth and equatorial diameter), and the vitreous body of the fetuses and pups were obtained when these structures could be identified with ultrasonography. In all fetuses the eyes with lens, vitreous body, hyaloid artery, and scleroretinal rim could be clearly identified from day 37 of pregnancy. Postnatally also the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, and optic disc were visible. Biometric measurements revealed, both pre- and postnatally, a continuous growth of the depth of the eye, anterior chamber, lens (anteroposterior depth and equatorial diameter), and vitreous body.  相似文献   

5.
It is generally accepted that A-mode ultrasonography is more accurate than B-mode in measuring intraocular dimensions. Consequently, A-mode ultrasonography is the procedure of choice in ocular biometry while B-mode ultrasonography is used principally for diagnostic purposes. In this study, we investigated the agreement between measurement of intraocular distances using A- and B-mode ultrasonography on freshly enucleated camel eyes. Our results suggest that relative to average A-mode values, B-mode overestimates corneal thickness (bias = 0.06 mm) and anterior chamber depth (bias = 0.03 mm), while it underestimates lens thickness (bias = -0.11 mm), vitreous chamber depth (bias = -0.32 mm) and axial length (bias = -0.40 mm). In general, difference between A- and B-mode values is larger for deeper intraocular dimensions. This implies that the two methods are more likely to give different readings for measurements of lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth and axial length.  相似文献   

6.
Objective: To examine ultrasonographic abnormalities in eyes with traumatic hyphema obscuring intraocular structures.
Design: Retrospective clinical study.
Setting: The ophthalmology services of a private practice and university veterinary teaching hospital.
Animals: Twenty-two dogs, 6 cats, 3 horses, and 2 birds.
Measurements and main results: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, ophthalmic examination, ultrasonographic findings, treatment, and outcome in all patients that presented to the ophthalmology service with trauma-induced hyphema obscuring intraocular structures. Thirty-three patients were included and there were 35 affected eyes (17 left and 18 right). Abnormalities noted on ophthalmic examination included hyphema obscuring intraocular details beyond the iris (100%), corneal laceration (23%), iris prolapse (23%), fibrin clotting within the anterior chamber (17%), and subconjunctival and periocular bruising (17%). Ocular ultrasonography revealed the presence of either vitreous hemorrhage or a retinal detachment in 32 of 35 eyes (91%) with traumatic hyphema. Of the remaining 3 eyes, ocular ultrasonography revealed a lens luxation with posterior eye wall rupture in 1 eye and collapsed globes in the other 2 eyes. Twelve eyes were enucleated and 23 were treated medically. Ten of the medically treated eyes were lost to follow-up. Blindness was noted in all the affected eyes upon their final discharge and recheck examination.
Conclusions: Ocular ultrasonography revealed vitreous hemorrhage or a retinal detachment in 32 eyes (91%) with traumatic hyphema. Blindness was noted on the last available examination of every eye. The prognosis for vision in an eye with traumatic hyphema obscuring intraocular detail is poor.  相似文献   

7.
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) syndrome associated with either severe ocular complications or multiple ocular lesions was diagnosed in three young dogs, a Samoyed, a Spanish Pachon, and a mixed breed dog. Due to opacification of the anterior ocular structures, B-mode and color-flow Doppler ultrasonography were performed to aid diagnosis. The Samoyed presented with unilateral hyphema; the Spanish Pachon presented with unilateral secondary glaucoma associated with uveitis and hyphema OD and leucocoria OU; and the mixed breed presented with bilateral leucocoria. B-mode ultrasonography of the Samoyed revealed a subcapsular cataract and a hyperechoic tubular structure attached from the optic disk to the posterior lens capsule. In the Spanish Pachon B-mode ultrasonography of the right eye indicated microphakia, cataract formation, and a retrolental mass with a thin hyperechoic strand stretching from the optic disk to the posterior lens; and for the right eye cataract formation, PHPV, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage. In the mixed breed dog, B-mode ultrasonography of both eyes indicated microphthalmia, retrolental mass, and hyperechoic lenses. By color-flow Doppler imaging, blood flow was present in the retrolental mass of the right eye suggesting a persistent hyaloid artery.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study is to describe radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic appearance of normal cinereous vulture’s eye and to determine normal biometric values of intraocular structures. Twenty-six eyes of thirteen healthy cinereous vultures were examined. Under general anesthesia with isoflurane, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and skull radiography were performed. Differences between both eyes as well as between US and CT measurements were investigated and correlation of measurements between both eyes as well as correlation between CT and US measurements of the various ocular structures were calculated. Most of paired data did not show any significant differences between both eyes and the CT and US measurements, while there were significant differences (P<0.05) between CT and US measurements of depth of both vitreous and anterior chambers, and axial length of the lens in right eyes. There was also a significant difference (P<0.05) between both eyes in depth of vitreous measured by CT. All the measurements had strong correlations between both eyes and between US and CT. In conclusion, ocular imaging techniques provided useful data of biometry and morphology, showing good correlation between CT and US in cinereous vulture’s eye. Especially, when ophthalmoscopic examinations would not be available due to opaque anterior segment, imaging techniques could be essential for diagnosing and managing of the eye.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between evisceration with intraocular prosthesis placement via a dorsal scleral approach and decreased corneal sensitivity or aqueous tear production in dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study. PROCEDURE: Twenty-one dogs scheduled to undergo unilateral evisceration with intraocular prosthesis, and with a normal normotensive contralateral eye, based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and applanation tonometry, were included in the study. Central corneal sensitivity was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer prior to (week 0) and 2, 7, 14 and 28 weeks following surgery. Other pre- and postoperative data collected were Schirmer's tear test (STT I), Schirmer's tear test with topical anesthesia (STT II), corneal fluorescein retention, and intraocular pressure (IOP; postoperative control eye only). Axial globe length was determined for both eyes. Scleral incision length in the surgery eye was also recorded. RESULTS: Corneal sensitivity was significantly lower in eyes undergoing evisceration with intraocular prosthesis than in control eyes both preoperatively and postoperatively at all time points. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative corneal sensitivity within the two groups. There was no significant difference in STT I or STT II-values between control eyes and surgery eyes preoperatively. There was a significant difference between preoperative and 2-week postoperative STT I in the surgery eye. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and 28-week postoperative STT II in the surgery eye. The 28-week postoperative STT I-values differed significantly between control and surgery eyes. Corneal sensitivity tended to decrease with increased degree of buphthalmos or with increased scleral incision length, although neither relationship was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes that have sustained chronically elevated intraocular pressure had decreased axial corneal sensitivity compared to normal eyes, which persisted even after intraocular pressure was reduced. The presence of buphthalmos appeared to be a factor in globes developing decreased corneal sensitivity. Evisceration via a dorsal scleral incision did not result in a significant further reduction in axial corneal sensitivity. A mild reduction in aqueous tear production occurred over time in globes following evisceration with intraocular prosthesis.  相似文献   

10.
Evaluation of a portable blood gas analyzer, (StatPal II, Unifet, Inc, La Jolla, CA) was performed using tonometered solutions and equine blood. Samples were analyzed by the StatPal II and either an Instrument Laboratory IL1306 (Lexington, MA) or a Radiometer ABL50 blood gas analyzer (Radiometer America Inc., Westlake, OH). Comparison of the StatPal II and the IL1306 was done by analysis of 3 tonometered solutions (acidic, normal, and alkalotic) and 27 equine venous blood samples. Blood pH, Pco2, Po2, and [HCO3-] values were altered by IV infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate or exercising the horses on a treadmill. Comparison of the StatPal II and the Radiometer was performed by analysis of 78 blood samples collected from Standard-bred horses before a race. Data were analyzed for the venous blood samples using a paired two-tailed Student's t test and Bland-Altman plots, with significance set at P < .05. The coefficients of variation for pH, Pco2, Po2, and [HCO3-] values of the tonometered solutions analyzed by the StatPal II ranged from 0.067% to 0.087%, 2% to 3.21 %, 1.21 % to 2.67%, and 0.267% to 0.828%, respectively. Comparison of the equine blood samples analyzed by the StatPal II and the IL1306 demonstrated statistically significant, but clinically irrelevant differences in pH, Pco2, and Po2, but not [HCO3-]. There were statistically significant, but clinically irrelevant differences between the StatPal II and the Radiometer for pH, Pco2, and [HCO3-], but not for Po2-It is concluded that the StatPal II provides reproducible and acceptable analysis of equine venous blood gas samples.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract Objective To determine the acute histologic effects of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye. Animal studied Part 1: eight eyes of four horses. Part 2: 10 eyes of five horses. Materials and methods Part 1: TSCP was performed on four eyes at 4 mm and four eyes at 6 mm posterior to the limbus with 15 sites treated in four quadrants at 1800 mW for 1500 ms. The globes were sectioned transversely or sagitally to examine all quadrants and histologic sections were taken every 1 mm for the entire globe. Part 2: Based on the results from Part 1, TSCP was performed at 20 sites 4 mm posterior to the dorsotemporal limbus with a constant energy varying from 0.75 to 4 J/site. Histologic sections were taken every 1 mm for a total of 10 sections per eye and 20 sections per energy level group. Results Part 1: At 4 mm posterior to the limbus, coagulation of the nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) of the pars plicata was observed in the temporal (14%) and dorsal quadrants (12%). Retinal detachment was observed in the nasal quadrant (12%). Hemorrhage was common in the nasal (19%) and temporal (12%) quadrants. At 6 mm posterior to the limbus, coagulation of the NPE of the pars plicata was observed in the dorsal (14%), ventral (16%), nasal (2%), and temporal (2%) quadrants. Retinal detachment was observed in the dorsal (8%), ventral (18%), nasal (20%) and temporal (2%) quadrants. Part 2: Settings of 0.75 J/site were ineffective; 1.5, 2.25 and 3 J/site damaged the pars plicata without disruption of anatomy; and 4 J/site caused disruption of normal architecture. Conclusions The most appropriate site for equine TSCP appears to be 4 mm posterior to the dorso‐ and ventrotemporal limbus avoiding the 3 and 9 o’clock positions and using an initial energy setting of 2.25 J/site. This results in effective damage to the pars plicata while minimizing surgical complications such as retinal detachment and hemorrhage.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tear film qualitatively and conjunctival goblet cell numbers in cats with and without corneal sequestra. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: This was a prospective evaluation of 11 cats with corneal sequestra and 14 control eyes that were either the contralateral normal eye when the sequestrum was unilateral or from control cats of similar age with no ocular disease. All cats in this study were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. The ophthalmic examinations included a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer tear tests, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up times, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The palpebral conjunctiva at the dorsal nasal, ventral nasal, dorsal temporal and ventral temporal fornices were biopsied after topical anesthetic was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva. The conjunctival biopsies were fixed in formalin and sectioned routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. These slides were examined by light microscopy by a blinded examiner. Goblet cell numbers were compared to conjunctival basal epithelial cell numbers by region. The goblet cell numbers by region from the eyes with sequestra was statistically compared to those from eyes without sequestra, with a student's paired t-test. Conjunctival swabs were collected from the cats with corneal sequestra and submitted for polymerase chain reaction for Herpes felis, Chlamydia psiitticia, and Mycoplasma felis. The corneal sequestra were removed by surgical keratectomy and fixed and stained routinely, and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: No neurologic abnormalities were detected in any of the cats. The Schirmer tear tests (eyes with sequestra 14+/-5.1 mm/min; normal eyes 15+/-6.8 mm/min) and intraocular pressures (eyes with sequestra 21+/-6.6; normal eyes 22+/-5.8) were within normal reference ranges for cats. Biomicroscopic examinations revealed varied sizes and depths of brown- and amber-colored corneal sequestra. No abnormalities were noted on indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations. The tear film break-up time was 21 s (+/-12) for the normal eyes (n=14) and 14 s (+/-13) in eyes with corneal sequestra (n=11). The average goblet/epithelial cell ratios by region for the normal eyes and the eyes with sequestra respectively were 0.66, 0.56 for the dorsal nasal fornix, 0.68, 0.57 for the ventral nasal fornix, 0.63, 0.48 for the temporal dorsal fornix, and 0.55, 0.49 for the temporal ventral fornix. There were no significant differences in tear film break-up times and goblet cell numbers in eyes with corneal sequestra and those without sequestra. Three conjunctival swabs from two of 11 cats with sequestra were positive with PCR for Herpes felis virus. These included one cat with bilateral sequestra and one cat with unilateral corneal sequestrum. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestra does not appear to be linked primarily to abnormal goblet cell numbers, qualitative tear film abnormalities, and accelerated tear film break-up time.  相似文献   

13.
Transverse ultrasound images from three live boa constrictors ( Boa constrictor ) were compared to the corresponding gross sections of a euthanized boa constrictor. The snakes were anesthetized, placed into dorsal recumbency, and imaged through the ventral scutes. Ultrasound images were produced with a real time, B-mode scanner and a linear 7.5-MHz transducer. The heart, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, kidneys, and fat body were the coelomic structures most consistently recognized ultrasonographically. Results of this study indicate that ultrasound is a useful imaging technique in snakes.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the geometry of the anterior segment of rabbit and human eyes, with relevance for the evaluation of intraocular lenses, and to review rabbit models used in our laboratory for the evaluation of different ophthalmic devices and solutions. PROCEDURES: Fifteen rabbit and 15 human eyes (10 phakic and 5 pseudophakic/group) obtained postmortem were used. Anterior-posterior length, equatorial diameter, and white-to-white (corneal diameter) were measured with calipers. The eyes were then analyzed with a very high-frequency ultrasound (Artemis, Ultralink) for measurements of the anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber and ciliary sulcus diameters. The capsular bag diameter was measured with calipers from a posterior view, and the diameter and thickness of the crystalline lenses were measured after their excision from the phakic eyes. RESULTS: Although the size of the rabbit eye is overall smaller than the size of the human eye, the dimensions of the anterior segment of rabbit eyes are generally larger. The differences between rabbit and human eyes were statistically significant (Wilcoxon rank sum test) in terms of anterior-posterior length, equatorial diameter, white-to-white measurements (P < 0.0001), anterior chamber diameter (P = 0.0004), ciliary sulcus diameter (P = 0.0012), and crystalline lens diameter and thickness (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Experimental evaluation of design features of new phakic intraocular lenses in rabbit eyes may be inconclusive without adaptation of their size/design, contrary to the evaluation of new pseudophakic lenses by implantation in the capsular bag. The rabbit is a very valuable model for the experimental evaluation of different ophthalmic devices and solutions.  相似文献   

15.
Distribution of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes G, A and M within the anterior uvea of eight clinically normal equine eyes was examined using indirect immunoperoxidase labelling. Increased staining intensity of stromal IgG and IgA was observed within the ciliary processes, the iris stroma being relatively free of immunoglobulin. This may reflect anatomical variation in the permeability of the uveal microvasculature to lipid insoluble plasma macro-molecules. Intracellular IgG and IgA were observed within the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium in seven and four of the eight eyes respectively, although wide variation between numbers of Ig bearing cells in each eye was noted. It was suggested that these cells may have a role in the removal of Ig from the posterior chamber aqueous. Plasma cells, of IgG isotype, were observed in only one eye, suggesting that intraocular production of Ig is not a feature of the normal equine eye.  相似文献   

16.
Objective To describe the long‐term histologic and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye. Animals Eight normal adult horses. Procedures TSCP was performed in one randomly assigned eye. Sixty spots were treated at settings of 1500 ms and 1500 mW. Two horses were randomly selected for euthanasia at 2, 4, 12, or 24 weeks post‐TSCP. Both eyes were enucleated and histologically evaluated. Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry prior to TSCP, immediately post‐TSCP, twice daily for 7 days post‐TSCP and then monthly until study conclusion. A longitudinal model estimated the average IOP values for the treated and untreated eyes at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months post‐TSCP. Results All treated eyes at all time periods exhibited four characteristic histologic lesions: scleral collagen hyalinization, ciliary body pigment dispersion and clumping, focal disruption of the ciliary body epithelium, and focal ciliary process atrophy. After TSCP, there were no significant changes in IOP from baseline for the control eyes, while the IOP in treated eyes was significantly decreased from baseline (P < 0.05) at all time periods. The estimated decrease in IOP in the treated eyes compared to baseline IOP at 6 months was ‐3.76 mmHg for an average decrease in IOP of 20% from baseline. Conclusion  Diode laser TSCP produces histologic lesions in the equine ciliary body that result in a significant and sustained decrease in IOP. TSCP may be an effective management for equine glaucoma.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the ocular surface area, scleral thickness, and the aqueous and vitreous humor volumes in the canine and equine eye. Animals studied Fourteen canine and 16 equine cadaver eyes. PROCEDURE: Eyes were measured either fresh or following fixation in formalin. Ocular surface area was calculated using the fluid displacement method. Globes were hemisected and aqueous and vitreous humor were collected and quantitated. Scleral thickness was measured by digital caliper, by image projection, and by ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). RESULTS: Mean +/- standard deviation (SD) scleral surface areas in canine and equine eyes were 12.87 +/- 2.24 and 57.23 +/- 5.63 cm2, respectively. Mean +/- SD aqueous humor volume was 0.77 +/- 0.24 in the dog and 3.04 +/- 1.27 mL in the horse. Mean vitreous humor volume was 1.7 +/- 0.86 mL for the canine eye and 26.15 +/- 4.87 mL for the equine eye. In canine and equine eyes, the sclera was thinnest at the ocular equator: 0.34 +/- 0.13 mm (canine) and 0.53 +/- 0.1 (equine). There were no significant differences between the direct caliper and projected thickness measurements or differences between measurements in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants of the eye. Scleral thickness in fresh tissue was greater than in fixed tissue at most sites. CONCLUSIONS: The UBM measurement method appeared to be most consistent and reproducible when compared to direct measurement techniques. Formalin fixation of the eyes was associated with significantly thinner scleral tissue than with fresh ocular tissue.  相似文献   

18.
Corneal esthesiometry in the healthy horse   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Objective To determine corneal sensitivity in healthy adult horses in order to establish reference values. Animals studied One hundred eyes of 50 healthy adult horses. Procedure Corneal sensitivity was determined by evaluating the corneal touch threshold (CTT) in five different corneal regions using a Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer. Results Comparing CTT values (in mm filament length) of the five prescribed corneal regions revealed regional variations in corneal sensitivity, with the central region (21.15 ± 6.23 mm) being the most sensitive, followed by the nasal (20.75 ± 5.14 mm), temporal (20.70 ± 5.37 mm), ventral (20.15 ± 5.88 mm) and dorsal (15.85 ± 3.70 mm) region. However, differences between the central, nasal, temporal and ventral regions were not statistically significant, whereas the dorsal region was significantly (P < 0.0001) less sensitive compared to the other regions. Division of the horses into three age groups revealed an insignificant decrease in corneal sensitivity with age in the nasal, temporal, ventral and central region, and an insignificant increase with age in the dorsal region. Correlation of corneal sensitivity with age was statistically significant in the central, ventral and temporal region. No statistically significant difference in the CTT was found between left and right eyes and between males and females. Conclusions CTT values in 100 eyes of 50 healthy adult horses evaluated with a Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer generated reference values. Reference values are necessary to determine alterations of corneal sensation accompanying various eye diseases or systemic diseases.  相似文献   

19.
There are limited data on whether the dimensions of the equine eye and its internal structures change with bodyweight in horses. The aim of this study was to identify whether the size of the equine eye and its individual structures varied in a predictable manner with bodyweight, and to examine the reliability of computed tomography (CT) scans in the measurement of the equine eye. Ninety horses which had undergone CT examination of the head for non‐ocular disease were included. All measurements of the eye were performed twice on all eyes by the same operator to quantify intra‐operator agreement, and in 10 cases were also performed by a second operator to quantify inter‐operator agreement. Agreement was excellent for all but the rostrocaudal measurement of the anterior chamber, which was fair. The following variables correlated significantly with bodyweight: anterior‐posterior size of the globe (correlation coefficient: 0.586) and posterior segment (correlation coefficient: 0.554); the latero‐medial size of the globe (correlation coefficient: 0.452), anterior chamber (correlation coefficient: 0.504) and posterior segment (correlation coefficient: 0.455); and the orbital fossa diameter (correlation coefficient: 0.219). The lens size and anterior‐posterior distance of the anterior chamber did not correlate significantly with bodyweight. These results suggest that overall eye size and the size of the orbital fossa change with the bodyweight of the horse, but lens size remains consistent, and that CT measurements of the internal structures of the eye are repeatable and reproducible. This information aids in interventional procedures for ocular pathology and assessment of normal anatomy.  相似文献   

20.
Objective  To evaluate and to validate the accuracy of the Perkins® handheld applanation tonometer in the measurement of IOP in dogs and cats.
Animals  Twenty eyes from 10 dogs and 10 cats immediately after sacrifice were used for the postmortem study and 20 eyes from 10 clinically normal and anesthetized dogs and cats were used for the in vivo study. Both eyes of 20 conscious dogs and cats were also evaluated.
Procedure  Readings of IOP postmortem and in vivo were taken using manometry (measured with a mercury column manometer) and tonometry (measured with a Perkins® handheld applanation tonometer). The IOP measurement with Perkins® tonometer in anesthetized and conscious dogs and cats was accomplished by instillation of proxymetacaine 0.5% and of 1% fluorescein eye drops.
Results  The correlation coefficient ( r 2) between the manometry and the Perkins® tonometer were 0.982 (dogs) and 0.988 (cats), and the corresponding linear regression equation were y  = 0.0893 x  + 0.1105 (dogs) and y  = 0.0899 x  + 0.1145 (cats) in the postmortem study. The mean IOP readings with the Perkins® tonometer after calibration curve correction were 14.9 ± 1.6 mmHg (range 12.2–17.2 mmHg) in conscious dogs, and were 15.1 ± 1.7 mmHg (range 12.1–18.7 mmHg) in conscious cats.
Conclusion  There was an excellent correlation between the IOP values obtained from direct ocular manometry and the Perkins® tonometer in dogs and cats. The Perkins® handheld tonometer could be in the future a new alternative for the diagnosis of glaucoma in veterinary ophthalmology.  相似文献   

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