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1.
通过比较茄子、黄瓜和节瓜三种寄主植物上烟粉虱的LC_(50)和LT_(50)值,评价了寄主植物对玫烟色拟青霉致病力的影响。烟粉虱的累计校正死亡率回归分析结果表明:在处理后的第8～14天,不同寄主植物上玫烟色拟青霉对烟粉虱的LC_(50)值差异显著;茄子、黄瓜和节瓜上烟粉虱的LC_(50)最小值出现的时间不同,分别在处理后的第14、10、12天。当玫烟色拟青霉的浓度为1．0×10~5和5．0×10~5分生孢子/mL时,黄瓜与茄子、节瓜上烟粉虱的LT_(50)值差异显著;当浓度为5．0×10~6～1．0×10~8分生孢子/mL时,三种寄主植物上烟粉虱的LT_(50)值差异不显著。 相似文献
2.
The study on behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference in Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on cotton was conducted, at Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Punjab, India, during 2001 crop season and repeated in the same season. Multiple-choice test was followed for conducting the experiment. Quinalphos (250, 375, and 500), carbaryl (625, 938, and 1250), acephate (750, 1125, and 1500), endosulfan (438, 656, and 875), and fenvalerate (25, 38, and 50 g ai/ha) were repeatedly sprayed on potted plants of American cotton (var. LH-1556). The impact of these insecticides was evaluated in term of oviposition preference by B. tabaci to treated plants. Also, it investigated changes in biochemical components of treated cotton leaves and the correlation with oviposition preference. The results revealed that, fenvalerate treated plants were more preferred by whitefly for oviposition. Maximum number of eggs was observed on fenvalerate treated plants, 38, 50, and 25 g/ha (39.3, 37.3, and 36.1 eggs/leaf, respectively) followed by acephate 1500 g/ha (26.9 eggs/ leaf) compared with untreated control (14.1 eggs/leaf). Almost similar trend of results was observed in the repeated experiment. The results obtained from biochemical studies revealed that all the insecticidal treatments caused reduction in total sugars compared with untreated control except fenvalerate and low dose of quinalphos. All insecticides caused increase in total free amino acids and brought significant changes in total phenols and pH value of treated plants. These results have confirmed the behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference that induced by fenvalerate and acephate in B. tabaci, which may be one of the causes behind its resurgence on plants repeatedly treated with these insecticides. 相似文献
3.
不同基质传代白僵菌对桑天牛幼虫的侵染力与寄主血淋巴酚氧化酶活性的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以诱集自土壤中、对桑天牛Apriona germari幼虫具有较高致病性的球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana Bb00为出发菌株R0,经反复接种桑天牛幼虫分别获得菌株R1、R2、R3和R4,而通过反复在普通查氏培养基上传代分别获得菌株M1、M2、M3和M4。分别用R0、R2、R4和M2、M4接种桑天牛幼虫,发现在普通培养基上传代会导致菌株致病力降低,而通过桑天牛幼虫传代培养可提高菌株的致病力。桑天牛幼虫感染白僵菌后,其免疫互作使酚氧化酶活性先迅速上升,随后因菌株的适应性增强而开始下降。用菌株M2、M4接种桑天牛幼虫后,其血淋巴酚氧化酶活性比接种R2和R4的高。各菌株引起的桑天牛幼虫酚氧化酶活性出现高峰值的时间与其LT50值具有一定的相关性,反映了各菌株不同的侵染速度;同时各菌株引起的酚氧化酶活性高峰值也与其LC50值高度相关。说明桑天牛幼虫血淋巴中酚氧化酶活性与不同菌株对桑天牛幼虫的毒力具有一定的相关性,同时酚氧化酶活性也可作为反映菌株毒力的一个重要参考指标。 相似文献
4.
钙盐协同枯草芽孢杆菌对苹果采后炭疽病的控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为控制果实采后病害,采用液体共培养、平板菌落计数和活体侵染等方法,研究钙盐和枯草芽孢杆菌对苹果炭疽菌的作用机制和对苹果炭疽病的控制效果.结果显示,钙盐延缓了枯草芽孢杆菌的增殖速率和衰亡期细胞死亡速率,即延长了枯草芽孢杆菌世代周期;钙盐协同枯草芽孢杆菌可抑制苹果炭疽菌菌丝体干重、孢子萌发率和芽管长度,其抑制率分别为54.75%、88.99%和45.88%,抑制效果显著高于钙盐和枯草芽孢杆菌的单独作用,同时推迟了苹果炭疽病的发病时间,抑制了病斑的扩展和分生孢子盘的发育;钙盐协同枯草芽孢杆菌对苹果炭疽病的防治效果为55.53%,明显好于各自的单独作用. 相似文献
5.
为获得对Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）具有高毒力的杀虫真菌菌株并将其应用于生产,采用喷雾法测定了5个球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana菌株对烟粉虱若虫的毒力,并运用时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析了B.bassiana 84（Bb84）菌株对烟粉虱若虫的时间效应和剂量效应。结果表明:在5个供试菌株中,Bb84菌株对烟粉虱3龄若虫的致死速度快、致死率最高,逐日死亡率随着Bb84菌株孢子浓度的增加而上升,且其对2、4龄烟粉虱若虫也有较高的毒力。用时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析其剂量效应与时间效应,结果表明:随着Bb84菌株接种时间的延长,相应的致死中浓度（LC50）值随之降低,剂量效应逐渐增强;当Bb84菌株处理浓度为1.0×107、1.0×108和1.0×109孢子/mL时,其对烟粉虱3龄若虫的致死中时间（LT50）值分别为5.44、4.61和4.05 d,即LT50值随菌株孢子浓度的增加而减小,时间效应增强。因此,在实际生产中,当球孢白僵菌Bb84菌株的浓度高于1.0×108孢子/mL时,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的防治效果较好。 相似文献
6.
喷雾和灌根施药后吡虫啉在番茄植株中的分布及其对烟粉虱的防效 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
以番茄为供试植物,采用喷雾和灌根两种施药方法,测定了吡虫啉在植株内的分布动向及其对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的防效。结果表明,喷雾后第2 d,吡虫啉消解率为56.1％,第10 d接近90％;灌根后第2~21 d茎内持留量基本处于稳定状态。施药方法不同,吡虫啉对烟粉虱的防效不同。喷雾法施药对烟粉虱的短期防效好于灌根法(7 d以内),但"持效期"较短,喷雾施药 7 d 后,其防效大幅下降;而灌根施药后第7~21 d内,吡虫啉对烟粉虱的防效一直保持在65％以上,在此期间可有效控制烟粉虱的危害。模拟雨水冲刷试验结果表明,药剂在叶面的冲刷率始终在70%左右,表明吡虫啉叶面喷雾后没有或仅有很少一部分进入叶片内部,因此,喷雾叶片在吡虫啉持留量略高于灌根的条件下,对烟粉虱的防效却不如灌根的好。 相似文献
7.
为阐明苏云金杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)与白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的协同作用,分别用103~108孢子/m L的6个Bt浓度处理美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea 2龄幼虫后,通过室内试验测定了Bt对其致死、亚致死效应,及亚致死浓度Bt对寄生蜂子代出蜂的影响。结果表明,浓度106孢子/m L处理组美国白蛾均未能化蛹;而106孢子/m L处理组均能化蛹并羽化,且幼虫发育历期随Bt浓度的增加而延长,平均蛹重在74.92~92.18 mg之间,均高于对照的68.66 mg,但蛹重不呈线性规律变化。当Bt对美国白蛾平均校正死亡率低于17.17%时,幼虫发育历期延迟不明显,但平均蛹重为101.11~124.34 mg,均高于对照;接蜂后能够正常出蜂,出蜂率为33.13%~51.25%,每蛹出蜂量为117.43~143.42头,均显著高于对照。表明用平均校正死亡率低于20%的Bt处理对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄生有利,2种生防措施协同作用存在增效潜力。 相似文献
8.
球孢白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟幼虫血细胞数量和包囊作用的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis幼虫对球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana的细胞免疫作用,研究了注射不同剂量球孢白僵菌芽生孢子后亚洲玉米螟幼虫血细胞总数的时间动态变化和活体与离体条件下血细胞对芽生孢子的包囊作用。各处理组的血细胞总数均在注射后0.25 h达到一个低谷之后上升,注射剂量为102个/虫和103个/虫芽生孢子组血细胞总数在注射后24 h仍高于正常值,注射剂量为104个/虫和105个/虫芽生孢子组血细胞总数在注射后24 h低于正常值。在活体条件下亚洲玉米螟幼虫血细胞粘附在球孢白僵菌芽生孢子表面形成包囊;在离体条件下包囊形成的速度较慢,其致密程度不如活体状态。表明亚洲玉米螟幼虫对球孢白僵菌芽生孢子具有强烈的细胞防御能力。 相似文献
9.
嘧菌酯对番茄早疫病菌的抑制作用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了嘧菌酯对番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani菌丝生长的抑制作用及其对分生孢子萌发的影响,同时测定了其对菌丝呼吸速率的影响。结果表明,嘧菌酯抑制番茄早疫病菌分生孢子萌发的作用强于对菌丝生长的抑制作用。抑制菌丝生长的剂量-反应曲线与抑制菌丝呼吸的剂量-反应曲线趋势相似,但菌丝在经嘧菌酯处理5~7 h后呼吸速率恢复到对照水平,相比之下,嘧菌酯却能一直抑制菌丝的生长。因此,采用孢子萌发法测定番茄早疫病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性比用菌丝生长速率法测定更为适宜。水杨肟酸与嘧菌酯在抑制番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发方面有协同作用,对菌丝生长的平均协同系数为7.24。随处理时间延长,药剂对菌丝耗氧的抑制作用下降,但仍抑制菌丝生长。研究表明:呼吸作用对药剂的敏感性随着处理的延长而下降的机理不是因为旁路氧化途径增强, 也不是因为基质中药剂效力的下降,而是存在其它机制。 相似文献
10.
Xin Yang Wen Xie Shao-li Wang Qing-jun Wu Hui-peng Pan Ru-mei Li Ni-na Yang Bai-ming Liu Bao-yun Xu Xiaomao Zhou You-jun Zhang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae), is an invasive and damaging pest of field crops worldwide. The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has been widely used to control this pest. We assessed the species composition (B vs. Q), imidacloprid resistance, and association between imidacloprid resistance and the expression of five P450 genes for 14–17 B. tabaci populations in 12 provinces in China. Fifteen of 17 populations contained only B. tabaci Q, and two populations contained both B and Q. Seven of 17 populations exhibited moderate to high resistance to imidacloprid, and eight populations exhibited low resistance to imidacloprid, compared with the most susceptible field WHHB population. In a study of 14 of the populations, resistance level was correlated with the expression of the P450 genes CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64 but not with the expression of CYP6CX1, CYP6CX4, or CYP6DZ7. This study indicates that B. tabaci Q has a wider distribution in China than previously reported. Resistance to imidacloprid in field populations of B. tabaci is associated with the increased expression of two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64). 相似文献
11.
噻虫嗪对丽蚜小蜂寄生烟粉虱的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确噻虫嗪对烟粉虱天敌昆虫丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa的影响,在室内模拟田间噻虫嗪灌根和叶面喷雾2种施药方式,研究了施药后丽蚜小蜂的直接死亡率及其寄生Q型烟粉虱的生物学参数。结果表明,经噻虫嗪叶面喷雾后,丽蚜小蜂的死亡率高达98.10%,显著高于其它处理,丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱若虫的寄生率为5.26%,显著低于其它处理;与清水对照相比,经噻虫嗪处理后丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的致死率降低,且叶面喷雾处理大于灌根处理;噻虫嗪灌根和叶面喷雾处理对丽蚜小蜂的羽化率和发育历期均无显著影响,但均能显著缩短丽蚜小蜂成虫的寿命。研究表明,噻虫嗪灌根施药方式对丽蚜小蜂的死亡率及寄生率影响较小,可将噻虫嗪灌根施药方式与释放丽蚜小蜂相结合以防治烟粉虱。 相似文献
12.
The effects of Isaria farinosa (Holm.) and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) on adult stages of sunn pests Eurygaster integriceps Puton and Eurygaster austriaca (Schrk.) were investigated at 27±1°C, 95% r.h. and 16L:8D in the laboratory. Two concentrations, 1×106 and 1×108 conidia ml-1, were used. Mortality of inoculated and non-inoculated adults was counted at 6, 9 and 12 days after treatment. Beauveria bassiana caused higher mortality of both species than I. farinosa. Neither caused significantly high mortality at 1×106 conidia ml-1. Both were more pathogenic at 1×108 conidia ml-1 and caused more than 85% mortality 12 days post treatment. Both were more pathogenic to E. austriaca. 相似文献
13.
为有效防控新入侵我国的重大农业害虫草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda,采用浸叶法测定球孢白僵菌 Beauveria bassiana菌株Bb1237、 Bb201017、 Bb20091317及金龟子绿僵菌 Metarhiziumanisopliae菌株Ma189和莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi菌株MrCDTLJ1对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致病力,筛选对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫有较强致病力的菌株,并测定该菌株对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的致病力和对其天敌的致死率。结果显示,球孢白僵菌Bb20091317和莱氏绿僵菌MrCDTLJ1对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的累计校正死亡率显著高于其他菌株,分别为95.59%和97.06%,致死中时LT50分别为3.42 d和5.72 d, LC50分别为7.05×106个/mL和2.25×105个/mL。2种菌在高浓度1×108个/mL下对草地贪夜蛾天敌夜蛾黑卵蜂 Telenomus remus和玉米螟赤眼蜂 Trichogramma ostriniae成蜂的致死率也仅介于15%~20%之间。表明球孢白僵菌Bb20091317和莱氏绿僵菌MrCDTLJ1不仅对草地贪夜蛾有高致病力,同时与夜蛾黑卵蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂有较好的相容性。 相似文献
14.
Arash Zibaee Ali Reza BandaniDavide Malagoli 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):30-37
Effects of the two insect growth regulators (IGRs) methoxyfenozide, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) agonist, and pyriproxifen, Juvenile hormone (JH) agonist, were examined on the cellular immune responses of the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps versus the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The simultaneous treatment with the IGRs and the fungal spores altered haemocyte count (total and differentiate), nodulation response and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It was observed that different concentrations of methoxyfenozide increased total and differentiate haemocyte numbers as well as B. bassiana-induced nodulation response. In contrast with the JH agonist, pyriproxifen significantly decreased total and differentiate haemocyte numbers and inhibited nodule formation in E. integriceps adults. The 20E agonist displayed major effects when injected at the doses 2.79 and 5.59 μg/mg adult. In contrast, injecting adults by pyriproxifen significantly impaired their ability to raise an efficacious response against the fungal spores. The ability of the two IGR analogues to interfere with activity of the PO system in haemolymph of E. integriceps adults was also investigated 6 h after injection by fungal spores. Methoxyfenozide had an excitatory effect on PO activity when the 5.59 μg/mg concentration was used against adults. Conversely, pyriproxifen had an inhibitory effect on PO activity when used at 1.49 μg/mg adult concentration. These findings demonstrate that pyriproxifen may interfere with cell-mediated immunity of E. integriceps. So, pyriproxifen could be a good candidate for the integrated control of the Sunn pest. 相似文献
15.
为了阐明丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa对Q型烟粉虱的寄生特性及寄主植物携带病毒对其寄生的影响,采用微虫笼饲养法研究了寄生Q型烟粉虱的丽蚜小蜂生物学特性。结果显示,丽蚜小蜂寄生Q型烟粉虱3龄若虫时,其生长发育显著优于寄生Q型烟粉虱2龄若虫。丽蚜小蜂在感染黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）番茄和健康番茄上寄生Q型烟粉虱（分别为VW和NVW）3龄若虫时,其生长发育特性发生了明显变化。丽蚜小蜂以VW若虫为寄主时的寿命为10.25 d,显著长于寄生NVW的丽蚜小蜂寿命（5.90 d）;对VW和NVW后代3龄若虫的寄生率分别为23.81%和17.62%,致死率分别为38.95%和26.52%,差异均显著;而丽蚜小蜂的羽化率和发育历期不存在显著差异。说明丽蚜小蜂寄生Q型烟粉虱3龄若虫时更适宜其生长发育,寄主植物番茄携带TYLCV显著提高丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的寄生效果。 相似文献
16.
四株虫生真菌的鉴定及其对小菜蛾的室内毒力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确4株虫生真菌在小菜蛾防治中的应用潜力,采用生物测定法测定其室内毒力,并通过多相分类法研究其分类地位。结果表明:菌株GZU-BCECWC113对小菜蛾的毒力最强,在1.6×108孢子/mL浓度下对小菜蛾的校正死亡率最高,达到89.47%;半致死时间LT50值最小,为3.33天;感染8天时的LC50值最小,为0.45×105孢子/mL。根据形态特征、培养性状及ITS序列分析结果明确4株菌的分类地位,即GZU-BCECWC113为环链拟青霉Paecilomyces catenianulatus,GZU-BCECWQ16为玫烟色拟青霉P.fumosorosenus,GZU-BCECW122为蝉拟青霉P.cicadae,GZU-BCEC-WKKS2为细脚拟青霉P.tenuipes。 相似文献
17.
松烂皮病内生拮抗细菌的筛选、生防效果及华山松的生理响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究内生细菌对华山松烂皮病的生防效果及其生理响应,采用平板涂布法和对峙培养法从健康华山松树皮上分离筛选抗烂皮病菌Cenangium ferruginosum的拮抗菌株,运用形态学、生理生化及分子生物学对其进行鉴定;并利用喷雾法研究其对华山松苗烂皮病的盆栽防治效果及苗木各生理指标的变化,观测其对田间发病华山松病斑的防治效果.结果显示,分离得到具有优良拮抗效果的菌株Ba4,经鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;其发酵原液盆栽防治效果可达90.15%,稀释至105防治效果也有17.77%,发病率和病情指数均下降.接种病原菌30 d后,不同浓度Ba4菌剂处理的苗木丙二醛含量均减少,木质素、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均增加;丙二醛含量与发病率和病情指数呈显著正相关,与防治效果呈显著负相关;木质素、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量则与其相反.田间试验中原液和稀释倍液(10、102和103)的病斑治愈率均超过80%.表明菌株Ba4对松烂皮病有良好的防治效果,能调节华山松抗性物质的合成. 相似文献
18.
为评价从朱红毛斑蛾Phauda flammans幼虫僵虫中分离的虫生真菌在害虫生物防治中的应用潜力,通过形态学鉴定及ITS基因序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定,并运用时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析该分离菌株对朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,结合形态学特征和ITS基因序列分析将该虫生真菌鉴定为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana,并将该菌株命名为PfBb。球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株可侵染朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫,随着该菌株孢子液浓度的增加,其对朱红毛斑蛾幼虫的毒力逐渐增强。PfBb菌株孢子液处理朱红毛斑蛾1~5龄幼虫6 d时的LC50分别为2.61×104、1.04×105、1.11×106、1.54×106和1.44×107 个/mL,处理6龄幼虫8 d时的LC50为1.02×107 个/mL。随着处理时间的增加,PfBb菌株对朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的LC50和LC90随之降低,表明存在剂量效应。当处理浓度相同时,朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的僵虫率随着虫龄的增加而降低,但在较高浓度1.0×107~1.0×109 个/mL处理时,1~5龄幼虫的僵虫率无显著差异,说明1.0×107个/mL球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株孢子液防治朱红毛斑蛾幼虫即可达到理想的防治效果。表明球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株对朱红毛斑蛾有较大的生防应用潜力。 相似文献
19.
Resistance to chlorpyriphos insecticide in Bemisia tabaci from a field population collected in Benin, West Africa was suggested with bioassay showing the presence of two sub-populations. Patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by the organophosphate chlorpyriphos-oxon were analyzed to estimate the number of possible genotypes with different sensitivity expected in three B. tabaci field populations collected in Benin. The analysis of inhibition patterns in these populations compared with four laboratory strains of B. tabaci using chlorpyriphos-oxon allowed the differentiation of three possible genotypes. In the reference strain SUD-S we detected two different acetylcholinesterases with different sensitivity to chlorpyriphos oxon suggesting the presence of two genes ace 1 and ace 2. The proportion of the insensitive enzyme (ace 2) was estimated to be 31%. In field populations we can detect two alleles at the same gene locus ace 1: one susceptible ace1S and one resistant ace1R. Both strains called Arizona University and Mexico-S2 have lost sensitive ace1S but the field populations from Benin clearly contained at least three genotypes confirming heterogeneous populations not completely resistant. 相似文献
20.
三种植物次生物质对B型烟粉虱羧酸酯酶活性及其对药剂敏感度的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用人工饲料添加法,研究了不同浓度的槲皮素、2-十三烷酮和葫芦素B 3种植物次生物质对B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性的影响,同时比较研究了用3种植物次生物质处理后敌敌畏、脱叶磷、灭多威、乐果和氧乐果5种药剂对CarE 的抑制中浓度(I50)的变化。结果表明: 0.01~1.0 mg/mL的槲皮素对B型烟粉虱成虫CarE活性均具有明显的诱导增加作用,最高为对照的4.32倍; 0.1和0.5 mg/mL的2-十三烷酮处理使CarE活性比对照分别下降了22%和58%; 0.75~30.0 mg/L的葫芦素B对烟粉虱CarE活性均表现为抑制作用;用1.0 mg/mL的槲皮素处理24 h后,敌敌畏和脱叶磷对烟粉虱CarE的I50值分别增加为对照的20.05和3.16倍; 3.75 mg/L 的葫芦素B处理后,敌敌畏和灭多威对CarE 的I50值分别增加为对照的25.94、2.45倍; 1.0 mg/mL的2-十三烷酮处理后敌敌畏、脱叶磷和乐果对CarE 的I50值分别降低了89%、83%和90%。 相似文献