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1.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is widely used in agriculture and public health, has been implicated in male reproductive toxicity. Apart from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, CPF has been shown to induce changes characteristic of oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland of rats chronically exposed to CPF. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five animals each: Group I (S/oil) received soya oil (2 ml/kg); Group II (VC) was administered with vitamin C (100 mg/kg); Group III (CPF) was given CPF (10.6 mg/kg; ∼1/8th LD50); Group IV (VC + CPF) was pretreated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) and then given CPF (10.6 mg/kg), 30 min later. The regimens were administered orally by gavage once daily for 15 weeks. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and the testes and pituitary glands were evaluated for the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The result shows that CPF increased MDA concentration and reduced activities of SOD and CAT, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C.  相似文献   

2.
Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day), methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) and vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day) + methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) combination were given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and kidney weights, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological changes were investigated at the end of 4th and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. When methyl parathion-treated group and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group body and kidney weights decreased significantly at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. MDA levels increased in kidney tissues of the methyl parathion- and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated groups compared to control group. MDA levels decreased significantly in vitamins C and E + methyl parathion treated group compared with methyl parathion treated group at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. In our light microscopic investigations, after 4 weeks of methyl parathion exposure, glomerular atrophy and vascular dilatation, and after 7 weeks, necrosis and edema were observed in the kidney tissues. After 4 weeks of vitamins C and E + methyl parathion exposure, mononuclear cell infiltrations, and after 7 weeks, calcification were detected in the kidney tissues.  相似文献   

3.
The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion (MD) on kidney tissue and the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against subchronic MD toxicity were evaluated in rats. Experimental groups were: control group (group I), 5 mg/kg body weight MD-treated group (group II), and 5 mg/kg body weight MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C treated group (group III). The groups II and III were treated orally with MD on five days a week for four weeks. Vitamins E and C were injected at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight, i.m. and 20 mg/kg body weight, i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment of MD in the group III. Rats were anaesthesized and venous blood samples were collected by direct right ventricle heart puncture, in addition, the right kidney was removed for histopathological examinations and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses after four weeks. The serum activity of cholinesterase (ChE) and the kidney level of malondialdehyde, and kidney histopathology were studied in rats. MD caused decreased ChE activity (group I: 2114 ± 63 U/L, group II: 1455 ± 100 U/L) and increased MDA level (group I: 147 ± 20.2 nmol/mg protein, group II: 236 ± 25.6 nmol/mg protein), and kidney damage in rats. Furthermore, a combination of vitamins E and C restored partially (ChE activity: 1670 ± 111 U/L, MDA level: 159 19.4 nmol/mg protein) this changes in MD-treated rats.  相似文献   

4.
Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day), methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) and vitamin C (200 mg/kg bw per day) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg bw per day) + methyl parathion (0.28 mg/kg bw per day) combination were given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and testis weights, sperm counts, sperm motility, sperm morphology and histopathological changes in the testes were investigated at the end of 24 h, 4th and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. No pathological changes were observed in all parameters at the end of 24 h. When methyl parathion-treated group and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group, body and testis weights decreased significantly at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. It was observed that, at the end of 4th and 7th weeks there was a statistically significant decrease in sperm counts and sperm motility, increase in abnormal sperm morphology when methyl parathion- and vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group were compared to control group. While sperm counts increased at the end of 4th and 7th weeks, sperm motility increased at the end of 7th week when vitamins C and E + methyl parathion-treated group compared with methyl parathion-treated group, no changes were observed in abnormal sperm morphology at the end of 4th and 7th weeks. In our light microscopic investigations, after 4 and 7 weeks of methyl parathion exposure, necrosis and edema were observed in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues. After 4 and 7 weeks of vitamins C and E + methyl parathion exposure, degenerative changes were detected in the seminiferous tubules while no pathological findings were observed in the interstitial tissues. According to the present study, we conclude that vitamins C and E reduces methyl parathion testicular toxicity, but it does not protect completely.  相似文献   

5.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is causing different toxicity and propolis has been reported to be an effective antioxidant. Therefore, the present study is aimed to elucidate the possible protective effects of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of chlorpyrifos on reproductive performance, testosterone levels, enzyme activities and lipids profile in serum of male rats. Animals were divided into four groups; one orally administered (o.d.) CPF at a dose of 9 mg/kg b.w. for consecutive 70-days, propolis group (50 mg/kg b.w.), propolis and chlorpyrifos group and a control group. Results showed that there was a correlation between CPF administration and the significant decrease of the sperm counts, spermatozoon survival and testosterone level as well as increase of sperm aberrations. CPF increased significantly the lipid profile and the levels of various serum liver marker enzymes. In contrast, co-administration of propolis to CPF-treated rats restored almost most of these biochemical parameters to normal levels. On the other hand, CPF resulted in histopathological alterations in testes of male rats. However, pre-administration of propolis to CPF-treated animals improved the testicular damage and alleviates the toxic effects of CPF on reproductive functions in male rats.  相似文献   

6.
Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides (OPIs), the aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative properties of vitamin E (vitE) against the subchronic effect of diazinon (DZN) on oxidative damage markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system (ADS) in the liver of male MFI albino mice. The groups were intraperitoneally (i.p) administered with either vehicle or vitE (100 mg/kg body weight) or ¼ LD50 of DZN (16.25 mg/kg b.w.) or ½ LD50 of DZN; 32.5 mg/kg b.w) or ¼ LD50-DZN + vitE or ½ LD50 + vitE every consecutive day for 14 days. Hepatic damage markers analysis revealed that alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly decreased in both DZN doses. Also, the significantly increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress as LPO and protein carbonyl (PC) and the decreased antioxidant defenses like reduced glutathione (GSH), and free radical scavenger enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) were noted in DZN-treated groups as compared to control group. Distinctly lower levels of GSH and increased levels of LPO, along with alterations in endogenous antioxidant enzymes were evident in hepatic toxicity of DZN which is dose-dependent. Hepatic specific marker enzymes were restored to normalcy in mice supplemented with vitE following treatment with DZN which otherwise was decreased in the DZN-treated mice. The results show that co-treatment of vitE with DZN prevents or diminishes the oxidative stress of DZN-treated mice and may act as a putative protective agent against DZN-induced liver tissue injury.  相似文献   

7.
Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture and domestic for several years. Vitamin E (200 mg/kg, twice a week), diazinon (10 mg/kg, per day), and vitamin E (200 mg/kg, twice a week)+diazinon (10 mg/kg, per day) combination was given to rats orally via gavage for 7 weeks. Body and heart weights, malondialdehyde (MDA) level in heart tissue and ultrastructural changes in myocardial cells were investigated at the end of the 1st, 4th, and 7th weeks comparatively with control group. When diazinon-treated group was compared to control group body and heart weights were decreased significantly at the end of the 4th and 7th weeks. It was observed that, at the end of 1st, 4th, and 7th weeks there was a statistically significant increase in MDA levels when diazinon- and vitamin E +diazinon-treated groups were compared to control group. While at the end of the 1st week statistically significant changes were not being observed, at the end of 4th and 7th weeks statistically significant decrease was detected in MDA levels when vitamin E+diazinon-treated group was compared to diazinon-treated group. In our electron microscopic investigations, while vacuolization and swelling of mitochondria myocardial cells of diazinon-treated rats were being observed, swelling of several mitochondria were observed in vitamin E+diazinon-treated rats. We conclude that vitamin E reduces diazinon cardiotoxicity, but vitamin E does not protect completely.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of an organophosphate insecticide, diazinon (DI), on pancreas, and possible ameliorating role of vitamins E and C. We examined both in vivo and in vitro effects of DI on serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), amylase, and lipase enzymes. We also evaluated possible ameliorating effects of vitamins E and C combination against DI toxicity and blood levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) only in vivo. In vivo experimental groups were: control group, DI-treated group, and DI + vitamins E plus C-treated group. In vitro study groups were: control group and DI-treated group. The biochemical analyses were determined in in vitro experiments at both hour 0 and 24 while in in vivo experiments were determined only at hour 24. Lipase activity and TBARS level were found increased by DI in in vivo experiments while lipase activity was found decreased in in vitro experiments. Amylase and ALP activities were found decreased by DI in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Also, the combination of vitamins E and C was found to partially improve these disorders. These results suggest that DI treatment causes pancreas damage via increasing oxidative stress in rats, and a combination vitamins E and C can reduce this lipoperoxidative effect.  相似文献   

9.
Pesticides have been used in agriculture to enhance food production by eradicating unwanted insects and controlling disease vectors, nevertheless occupational exposure to high levels of these compounds can lead to neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by serious oxidative and neurotoxic effects. However, there is a lack of consensus as to which determinations are best used to quantify future risks arising from xenobiotic exposure and natural antioxidant interventions. Our study aims to determine the potential ability of selenium and/or vitamin E, used as nutritional supplements, to alleviate oxidative stress in cerebral cortex tissue induced by dimethoate, an organophosphorus pesticide. Adult Wistar rats were exposed either to dimethoate (0.2 g/L of drinking water), dimethoate + selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet), dimethoate + vitamin E (100 mg/kg of diet), or dimethoate + selenium + vitamin E, for 30 days. Exposure to dimethoate increased malondialdehyde levels, protein carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products, while Na+K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities decreased in the cerebral cortex. An increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and a decrease in glutathione, non-protein thiols and vitamin C levels were observed. Administration of selenium and/or vitamin E through the diet in dimethoate treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters cited above. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. The model of this study that we employed characterized the relationships between dimethoate-induced neurotoxicity and its alleviation by natural antioxidants like selenium and vitamin E. These elements may be considered beneficial for the protection of cerebral cortex against injury induced by dimethoate.  相似文献   

10.
Pesticides may induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male mice and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (1/10 LD50) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. Also, the protective effects of vitamin C (200 mg/kg body weight, bw) 30 min before or after administration of chlorpyrifos were investigated. The results demonstrated that the LD50 value of chlorpyrifos was 134.95 mg/kg bw. The oral administration of 13.495 mg/kg chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD and GST. However, GPx activity remained unchanged, while the level of GSH and G6PD activity were decreased. Vitamin C treatment to chlorpyrifos intoxicated mice decreased LPO level and GST activity, normalized CAT, SOD and G6PD activities, while GSH content was increased. We conclude that vitamin C significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in mice liver and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with vitamin C is better than the post-treatment.  相似文献   

11.
Chlorpyrifos (O,O′-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothionate, CPF) exposure in rats causes elevation in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities in the liver, kidney, spleen, and brain of rats. The sublethal exposure of CPF also causes decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and consequent increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, resulting in a significant decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio in all the rat tissues tested. These results clearly indicate that CPF exposure causes oxidative stress in rat tissues. However, CPF exposure to rats fed with antioxidant vitamins (vitamin A, E, and C) for 1 month, prevented derangement of these antioxidant parameters. The accumulation of TBARS was also not seen in tissues of rats fed with antioxidant vitamins on CPF exposure. AChE activity, which is sensitive to OP pesticides, was also not significantly inhibited in these rats on CPF exposure. The present findings clearly show that oral intake of a mixture of vitamin A, E, and C, protects the rats from CPF induced oxidative stress and suggesting that this treatment alleviates the toxicity of this pesticide.  相似文献   

12.
A hundred and sixty female white mice, each weighing 35-40 g, were used in this study. The animals were assigned into eight groups as one control group and 7 experimental groups. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC), proanthocyanidin and vitamin E alone, at doses of 100 mg/kg/body weight/day by intra-peritoneal, oral route and, intramuscular, respectively. Group 5 was administered a single dose of cyfluthrin (100 mg g/kg/body weight ∼1/3LD50) by oral, whereas Groups 6, 7 and 8 were given cyfluthrin+NAC, cyfluthrin+proanthocyanidin and cyfluthrin+vitamin E, at the same dose, respectively. The administration of the drugs was initiated following the administration of cyfluthrin, and continued until the end of the seventh day of the study. Blood samples were collected from each group, 24 h, and 3, 7 and 9 days after the administration of cyfluthrin for the assessment of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. According to the data obtained, compared to the control group, increase in the plasma MDA level of the group administered cyfluthrin alone, and decrease in erythrocyte SOD activities in some periods and CAT activities in all periods were determined. On the other hand, especially, MDA levels and CAT activities were observed to move closer to values of the control group, in the groups that were administered NAC, proanthocyanidin and vitamin E in addition to cyfluthrin. In other words, in most periods, decrease in plasma MDA levels, and increase in erythrocyte CAT and SOD activities were observed in comparison to the group administered cyfluthrin alone. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences to exist between the groups on the third, seventh and ninth days with respect to plasma MDA levels, and the third and ninth days with respect to erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05). However no significant difference was demonstrated in any of the periods in the groups that were administered NAC, proanthocyanidin and vitamin E alone in comparison to the control group (P > 0.05). In view of the parameters examined, animals were concluded to be affected by cyfluthrin and the administration of the three compounds at the indicated doses and for the indicated periods were considered to alleviate the adverse effects of cyfluthrin partly throughout the study period.  相似文献   

13.
Organophosphorus insecticides (OPIs) may induce oxidative stress leading to generation of free radicals and alteration in antioxidant system of animals. Many studies reported that enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant may play protective role against OPIs induced toxicity in human and rats. The aim of present study was to investigate the possible protective role of vitamin E on ethion-induced hepatotoxicity in rats using qualitative, quantitative and biochemical approaches. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomly divided into four groups; each group consists of six animals. Animals were treated for a period of 28 days. Group I (control group received corn oil); Group II [ethion treated (2.7 mg/kg bw/day)]; Group III (vitamin E treated (50 mg/kg of bw/day)]; Group IV (ethion + vitamin E treated). Animals were sacrificed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days by decapitation and liver tissue was used for the measurement of proteins, lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) content and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Erythrocytes were analyzed for acetyl cholinesterase activity. The result of this study shows that in vivo administration of ethion caused a significant induction of oxidative damage in liver tissue as evidenced by increased level of LPO and decreased GSH content. Ethion toxicity also led to a significant increase in the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GST in liver tissue. In addition, decrease in GR activity was observed in ethion administered rats compared to control. Histopathological findings revealed that exposure to ethion caused damage in liver tissue. However, simultaneous supplementation with vitamin E restored these parameters partially. In conclusion, the results of the current study revealed that ethion-induced toxicity caused lipid peroxidation, alterations in the antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in liver. Supplementation of vitamin E exhibited protective effect by inhibiting ethion-induced toxicity in liver and erythrocytes.  相似文献   

14.
In the present study, we investigated the possible protective role of vitamin E, selenium (Se) and vitamin E plus Se in fenthion-induced organophosphates (OP) toxicity in rats. Serum concentrations of ascorbic acid, retinol, β-carotene, ceruloplasmin, nitrite and nitrate as well as levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathion (GSH) in whole blood and in some tissues such as brain, heart, jejunum, kidney, liver, lung, muscle and pancreas were measured in sham, control, vitamin E, Se and vitamin E + Se groups. Compare to the sham group, the MDA (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.01) levels in whole blood and some in tissues were significantly higher in the control animals. Ceruloplasmin levels of the control (p < 0.05), vitamin E (p < 0.05) and vitamin E + Se (p < 0.01), groups were higher than the sham group. Ascorbic acid, retinol, β-carotene as well as nitrite and nitrate levels in the control group were significantly lower than sham, vitamin E, Se and vitamin E + Se groups. We concluded that fenthion toxicity-induced lipid peroxidation and generation of free radicals in whole blood and tissues. Additionally, the antioxidants we tested did show a significant protective effect against OP-induced tissue and blood injury at the biochemical level.  相似文献   

15.
The present study was planned to evaluate the role of vitamin E, if any, in attenuating the methomyl induced hematological and biochemical alterations in blood of male wistar rats. Animals, in the weight range of 130-150 g, were administered methomyl orally in drinking water at a sub-acute dose level of 4 mg/kg body weight on alternate days for a duration of one month, vitamin E was administered intraperitoneally to normal or methomyl treated rats on alternate days as a pretreatment for a week at a dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight and subsequently for a further period of one month. Methomyl treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. On the contrary, reduced Glutathione levels (GSH) and the activities of catalase, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were found to be significantly decreased. Methomyl treatment caused a significant increase in total leukocyte counts (TLC), platelet, neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Scanning Electron Micrographs showed significant morphological changes, which included spherocytosis and poikilocytosis. However, vitamin E supplementation to methomyl treated rats significantly decreased the raised levels of LPO whereas it caused a significant increase in GSH levels. Also, vitamin E supplementation could significantly elevate the activities of catalase GSHPx, GST and resulted in the normalization of SOD activity. Vitamin E supplementation also proved to be effective in significantly decreasing the already raised values of TLC and lymphocytes counts and almost normalized the platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes counts. Further, vitamin E supplementation improved the morphology of the red blood cells. The study, therefore, concludes that vitamin E can effectively mitigate most of the adverse effects induced by methomyl in rat blood.  相似文献   

16.
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for controlling a wide variety of pests. Chlorpyrifos (o,o′-diethyl-o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothionate, CPF) is among the leading OP pesticides used extensively throughout the world including India while methyl parathion (o,o-di methyl-o-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, MPT) another OP compound, widely used as insecticide and acaricide to control many biting or sucking pests of agricultural crops. Present study was carried out to compare the chronic toxicity of CPF and MPT, their potential to generate oxidative stress and ameliorating effects of antioxidant vitamins in brain of rats. Results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the oral exposure of CPF or MPT, generated oxidative stress in different parts of rat brain consequently accumulating malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonanal (4HNE), the two major end products of lipid peroxidation, in all the three brain regions i.e. fore-, mid- and hind-brain. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also increased in all the three brain regions when compared with control. CPF and MPT exposure caused decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase in the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in all the three brain regions. The increase in the levels of MDA, 4HNE, H2O2 and GSSG was less pronounced when CPF or MPT was given to the rats fed with a mixture of vitamin A, E and C. The present findings clearly show that oral intake of a mixture of vitamin A, E and C protects the rats from MPT or CPF induced oxidative stress and suggest that this treatment alleviates the toxicity of these pesticides to a greater extent.  相似文献   

17.
Recent several studies have reported that oxidative stress could be an important component of the mechanism of cardiotoxicity due to organophosphate-induced toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidative and antioxidative parameters in cardiac toxicity of organophosphate poisoning, and determine the effects of atropine and pralidoxime on this parameters. The experimental groups were randomly divided into five groups as control (corn oil), dichlorvos (30 mg/kg), atropine (10 mg/kg), pralidoxime (40 mg/kg), and atropine (10 mg/kg) + pralidoxime (40 mg/kg) groups. Serum cholinesterase levels were suppressed with dichlorvos, and these reductions were inhibited with atropine and/or pralidoxime pretreatment. Serum, but not cardiac, total free sulfhydryl groups and paraoxonase activities were significantly increased in the pralidoxime group when compared to the control group. Serum arylesterase activities were elevated in the dichlorvos, atropine, pralidoxime, and atropine + pralidoxime groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde and catalase activities in serum and cardiac tissues were not markedly different between the groups. No significant changes were also observed with cardiac myeloperoxidase and serum ceruloplasmin activities. In conclusion, these results showed that acute dichlorvos administration did not cause marked cardiac damage, and oxidative stress probably does not play a major role in dichlorvos-induced poisoning. On the other hand, especially pralidoxime treatment markedly increased the serum total free sulfhydryl groups, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities. However, the underlying mechanisms for these changes are not exactly known.  相似文献   

18.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiteratogenic role of ginger Zingiber officinale polyphenols against the toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or lead in female albino rats were investigated. Adult virgin females were divided into 8 groups and were orally treated as follow: control (C), 1% w/w of ginger (G), 120 μg/animal lead as lead acetate (L), 10 mg/kg of fenitrothion (F), lead (120 μg/animal) fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (LF), ginger (1%w/w) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GF), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) (GL), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GLF). Treatments were expanded for 28 days before pregnancy and during gestation period from zero to 6th day. Blood samples were taken at the day 20th of gestation and animals were sacrificed to investigate the effect of tested substances on dams and development of their fetuses. Inhibition in AchE in (F) and (LF) groups and elevation in plasma AchE in (L) groups were observed. Elevation in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) was recorded in all intoxicated groups concomitants with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Elevation in liver function biomarkers alanin amintransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and reduction in plasma total protein and albumin were recorded in (F), (L) and (LF). Supplementation with ginger in diet attenuates the alteration in MDA, GSH, GST, ALT and AST, however, it failed to counteract the effect of F, L and LF on AchE, total protein and albumin. Significant alterations in maternal toxicity were recorded in (GF, GL, LF and GLF) compared with control group. Also, parameters of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity indicated significant decrease in litter number that observed in F and L and the number of dead fetus/dam and litters number increased in L group. Supplementation with ginger decreased each of the number of died fetus, growth retardation and fetal length, while, it increased fetal weight. As regards to, teratological aspects, the percentage of skeletal malformations and visceral anomalies were observed in all feti obtained from treated groups with different percentages. Supplementation with ginger slightly attenuates the developmental toxicity of fenitrothion and/or lead.  相似文献   

19.
The protective effects of zinc on liver and kidney injury induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) were investigated in rats. Male and female rats were orally administered CPF at a dose of 6.75 mg kg−1 body weight for 28 consecutive days. An additional CPF group received zinc (227 mg l−1) in drinking water throughout the experimental duration. Two groups more served as controls. Administration of CPF resulted in a significant increase in serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, while induced significant decreases in the activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) either in male or female rats. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of various serum marker enzymes [e.g. aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)] and increase the level of total protein, uric acid and creatinine. In contrast, co-administration of zinc to CPF-treated animals restored most of these biochemical parameters to within normal levels. In case of AChE, supplementation of zinc showed little alteration in the activity of this enzyme especially in male rats treated with CPF. CPF caused histopathological change in liver and kidneys of male and female rats. However, zinc administration to CPF-treated animals resulted in overall improvement in liver and kidneys damage, emphasizing its antioxidant role. In light of the available data, it can deduce that CPF-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, liver and kidneys damage in male and female rats, and conjunction supplementation of zinc has resulted in pronounced ameliorating effect.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which has been demonstrated to have antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, anticancerogenic, and antioxidant effects, and vitamin E on IL-1β and IL-6 in bleomycin-induced (BLM-induced) pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups as untreated control, bleomycin, bleomycin + CAPE, and bleomycin + vitamin E groups. At the end of the treatment, blood IL-1β and IL-6 levels were quantified. Bleomycin application to the rats resulted in a significant increase in the cytokine levels as compared to the controls. Administration of CAPE and vitamin E prevented the increase of blood IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared to the rats treated with bleomycin alone. Data presented here suggest that CAPE and vitamin E play a protective and moderator role against BLM-induced lung injuries by decreasing the primary inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6.  相似文献   

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