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为了筛选防治小麦赤霉病和控制毒素的高效杀菌剂,通过田间小区药效试验及小麦样品DON毒素检测,研究了4种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果和控制毒素的能力。结果表明,36%克菌丹·叶菌唑SC、45%戊唑醇·咪鲜胺EW、48%氰稀·戊唑醇SC和40%戊唑·多菌灵SC在小麦抽穗80%,扬花初期施用,对小麦赤霉病均有较好的防治效果,病指防效在84.25%~93.96%,样品DON毒素检测结果在0.12~0.64μg/ml,其中36%克菌丹·叶菌唑SC 900 ml/hm2的病指防效为93.96%,样品平均DON毒素检测结果为0.12μg/ml,控制毒素效果达93.72%。 相似文献
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《农业科学与技术》2017,(12)
Chemical control of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) is emphasized when the genetic resistance in cultivars is insufficient in preventing the crop from disease damage or the crop is under high FHB epidemic pressure. Considering the accumulating resistance to carbendazim in FHB pathogens due to its repeatedly use, alternative fungicides with higher efficacy and safety need to be selected and recommended. In this study, ten fungicides were screened for their efficiencies of controlling FHB on winter wheat in Anhui Province, during 2015-2016 growing season. Fusarium infection, demonstrated both as disease incidence and severity, was positively correlated to the Fusarium-damaged kernels(FDKs) and deoxynivalenol(DON) content in the harvested grains and negatively correlated to the grain yield. Fungicides containing tebuconazole, e.g. phenamacril+tebuconazole, tebuconazole+thiram, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and thiophanate-methyl+tebuconazole all showed control effects on FHB,especially when those fungicides were sprayed onto the spikes at early anthesis and then a second spray one week later.Phenamacril, though gave no obvious effects on decreasing FHB incidence and severity, performed equally in decreasing the FDKs and DON content to tebuconazole. Those fungicides could be recommended to control wheat FHB, and better to be used alternately in the purpose of avoiding accumulating resistance in the causal pathogens. Biocontrol agent validamycin A +Bacillus cereus endospores also achieved acceptable control efficiency, especially under situations that environmental and food-safety issues were concerned. Difenoconazole +polyoxin B and tetramycin failed to show any advantages in controlling the infection of FHB pathogens. 相似文献
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《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2015,(9)
58 winter wheat breeding lines and 4 widely popularized varieties in Huaihe River wheat production regions of Anhui were used to screen resistant germplasms to Fusarium head blight. Incidence, disease index, percentage of infected kernels and DON content in the kernels were measured for each variety or line following artificial inoculation of Fusarium spp. pathogens. Reactions of wheat to Fusarium infection varied among genotypes and different types of resistance. The incidence of infection for each variety or line highly correlated to the severity of colonization after infection. DON content was more correlated to the percentage of kernels infected than to the overall incidence or severity. The selected control varieties were all susceptible to FHB, while seven breeding lines demonstrated good resistant performance. New FHB resistant winter wheat varieties appealing to the actual needs are expected from them. 相似文献
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小麦中镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染现状与防控研究进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）,又称呕吐毒素,是由小麦赤霉病菌禾谷镰刀菌复合群（Fusarium graminearum species complex）产生的单端孢霉烯族毒素,毒素在小麦籽粒中累积。作为B型单端孢霉烯族毒素,DON可以引起呕吐、拒食、腹泻、出血甚至死亡, 对猪的危害尤其严重。近年来,小麦赤霉病在世界各地高频率流行,尤其在中国长江中下游小麦生产区以及黄淮部分小麦产区、美国中西部小麦主产区,导致小麦中DON毒素严重超标,并引发了严重的食品安全问题。本文对国内外小麦中DON毒素的污染现状、产毒镰刀菌种类及其化学型的分布及其趋势、毒素产生的调控机制以及小麦中DON毒素的防控途径进行了论述,希望有助于镰刀菌毒素污染小麦质量安全的风险评估、监管以及科学处置。 相似文献
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两个小麦遗传群体不同年份和地点赤霉病抗性鉴定与比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对两个小麦遗传群体 (“望水白”/“Alondra”和“苏麦 3号”/Alondra)在南京、苏州、建阳、武汉 4个地点连续两年 (1999～ 2 0 0 0年 )的抗赤性鉴定资料分析发现 ,抗、感性稳定品种的抗赤性以及遗传群体内个体抗、感趋势和病小穗率的频率分布均较一致。但无论是同一年份的不同地点间 ,还是同一地点的不同年份间 ,遗传群体内个体抗赤性的相关系数极小。这使小麦抗赤性分子标记的QTL分析受到影响。文章对抗赤性鉴定方法和抗赤性评价问题进行了讨论 ,提出了用于抗赤性分子标记分析的抗赤性方法的建议 相似文献
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小麦赤霉病主要抗源抗赤霉病基因分子标记及其应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦赤霉病是小麦生产中的重要病害,由于其抗性属数量性状遗传,易受环境影响,抗性改良进展缓慢,分子标记辅助选择被认为是提高抗性改良效率的有效途径。综述了苏麦3号、望水白及其它小麦抗源材料分子标记的研究进展,探讨了小麦赤霉病分子标记现状及辅助育种改善赤霉病抗性的应用前景。 相似文献
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Marker-assisted selection to pyramid Fusarium head blight resistance loci Fhb1 and Fhb2 in the high-quality soft wheat cultivar Yangmai 15 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most detrimental wheat diseases which greatly decreases the yield and grain quality, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China. Fhb1 and Fhb2 are two major resistance loci against Fusarium graminearum. Yangmai 15 (YM15) is one of the most popular varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and it has good weak gluten characters but poor resistance to FHB. Here we used Fhb1 and Fhb2 to improve the FHB resistance of YM15 by a molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) backcrossing strategy. The selection of agronomic traits was performed for each generation. We successfully selected seven introgressed lines which carry homozygous Fhb1 and Fhb2 with significantly higher FHB resistance than the recurrent parent YM15. Three of the introgressed lines had agronomic and quality characters that were similar to YM15. This study demonstrates that the pyramiding of Fhb1 and Fhb2 could significantly improve the FHB resistance in wheat using the MAS approach. 相似文献
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为明确品种抗性、杀菌剂施药时期和防治次数相结合对小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB)病情指数(Disease index,DI)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)毒素含量和千粒重(Thousand-grain weight,TGW)的影响,2016—2018年连续2个年度使用6个不同抗性水平的冬小麦品种(‘郑麦9023’‘鄂麦006’‘鄂麦170’‘襄麦35’‘鄂麦DH16’‘宁麦13’),分别在扬花初期和扬花初期第6天喷施430 g/L戊唑醇防治小麦赤霉病,对病情指数、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇毒素含量和千粒重进行评价。结果表明:品种抗性和杀菌剂对DI、DON毒素含量和TGW的影响极显著(P<0.000 1);品种×杀菌剂联合作用,对TGW影响不显著(P>0.05);杀菌剂防治1次和2次对中抗品种的DI和DON毒素含量差异不显著;比较品种间DI和DON的防效,中抗品种对DI和DON毒素积累的防治效果要显著高于中感病品种(P<0.05)。因此,品种抗性与药剂相结合是防治小麦赤霉病和DON毒素积累的有效策略。 相似文献
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禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素的生物活性及其在小麦品种抗赤霉病性鉴定中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用小麦黄化芽鞘生物测定法探测禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素的生物活性，以及不同抗性小麦品种对粗毒素的反应。以纯脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）作比较，证明了粗毒素具有与纯毒素DON相同的生物活性。对粗毒素在抗赤霉病性鉴定应用的初步探讨中，明确了小麦品种对粗毒素的敏感性与其在田间的抗赤霉病性呈负相关。 相似文献
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小麦赤霉病抗性改良研究进展 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
小麦赤霉病是全球性的小麦病害,也是为害中国小麦生产的主要病害之一,尤其是长江中下游冬麦区,应用抗病品种是减轻小麦赤霉病危害的有效手段。本研究试图建立适宜南方麦区的小麦细胞工程、分子标记辅助选择与常规育种相结合的抗病育种体系,提高小麦赤霉病抗性改良效果。运用诱导体细胞无性系变异和DON毒素突变体的诱导与筛选;异源杂种幼胚培养;花药培养和染色体消失等单倍体诱导技术等创造抗赤霉病新种质,选育抗病新品种(系)。并运用分子作图,对主要抗源苏麦3号、望水白等进行赤霉病抗性分子定位和筛选,寻找与其紧密连锁的分子标记,为小麦抗赤霉病标记辅助选择提供有效标记。建立和完善小麦体细胞无性系变异诱导技术和单倍体诱导技术;创造出一批赤霉病抗性强而稳定,丰产性优良的新抗源;育成了生抗1号、生抗2号和生选3号、生选4号共4个高产、抗赤霉病小麦新品种;对望水白,苏麦3号和宁894037等主要抗源进行QTL定位,并获得了与赤霉病抗性连锁的分子标记,并对3BS主效QTL区域的相关标记在育种群体中的辅助选择进行了比较验证,初步建立了抗赤霉病分子标记辅助选择体系。20多年的实践表明:①运用生物技术与传统育种技术相结合,可以缩短新品种育成年限,提高抗... 相似文献
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Yan-hui FAN Bing-qian HOU Pei-sen SU Hong-yan WU Gui-ping WANG Ling-rang KONG Xin MA Hong-wei WANG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(10):2183-2192
Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) showed several advantages to identify gene functions such as short experimental cycle, more broad hosts, etc. In this study, the feasibility and efficiency of employing Barley stripe mosaic virus(BSMV)-based VIGS system to evaluate Fusarium head blight(FHB) resistance were explored in wheat. With variable conditions tested, it showed that the maximal silencing efficiency 78% on spike was obtained when the recombinant BSMV was inoculated on flag leaf at flagging stage. However, the plant may reduce its own immunity to FHB when inoculated with BSMV. To induce this impact, different Fusarium graminearum strains were tested and SF06-1 strain was selected for FHB resistance evaluation. Using this system, Ta AOC, Ta AOS, and Ta OPR3 involved in jasmonic acid(JA) signaling pathway were identified to positively regulate FHB resistance, which was underpinned by the results when silencing Ta AOS in wheat by stable transgenic plants. 相似文献
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With the changes of climate and cultivation systems, the Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemic area in China has extended since 2000 from the reaches of the Yangtze River to the north and west winter wheat region. Breeding for FHB resistance in wheat is an effective way to control the disease. Chinese wheat breeders commenced research on FHB in the 1950s. Sumai 3, Ning 7840, Yangmai 158, Ningmai 9 and other cultivars with improved FHB resistance were developed through standard breeding methods and widely applied in production or breeding programs. In addition to intervarietal crosses, alien germplasm was used to improve FHB resistance of wheat. Addition, substitution and translocation lines with alien chromosomes or chromosome fragments were created to enhance FHB resistance. Somaclonal variation was also used to develop a FHB resistant cv. Shengxuan 3 and other cultivars with moderate resistance to FHB were released by such methods. QTL (quantitative trait loci) for FHB resistance were characterized in cultivars originating from China. The major QTL, Fhb1, was identified on chromosome 3BS in Sumai 3, Ning 894037, Wangshuibai and other Chinese resistant sources. Diagnostic molecular markers for Fhb1 have been applied in wheat breeding and breeding lines with improved FHB resistance and desirable agronomic traits have been obtained. However, breeding for FHB resistance is a long-term task, new technologies are likely to increase the efficiency of this process and better FHB resistance of new cultivars is expected to be achieved within the next decade. 相似文献
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[目的]研究小麦主要农艺性状对赤霉病抗性影响关系,为抗赤霉病育种提供参考。[方法]进行了以苏麦3号×安农2号和望水白×安农8455 2个重组自交系群体多年的农艺性状与抗赤霉病扩展和侵染的相关性分析。[结果]在不同年度间,小麦赤霉病侵染和扩展的病小穗率与株高呈显著负相关;与穗下节间长度也呈负相关,但相关显著的年份较少;与小穗数在多数情况下无显著性相关。赤霉病侵染的病小穗率与小穗密度呈显著正相关。穗长与赤霉病抗性相关显著性不稳定。[结论]小麦农艺性状对赤霉病抗性影响因试验材料、方法及环境而不尽相同。小麦赤霉病遗传和表现复杂,在育种过程中可将适中的株高、小穗密度和穗长等作为初选性状,实现综合性状协调,提高抗赤霉病育种效率。 相似文献
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An integrated pest management program for managing fusarium head blight disease in cereals 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a worldwide devastating disease of small grain cereals and Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is the major pathogen causing the disease. The epidemics of FHB lead to the reduction of grain yield and economic losses. Additionally, mycotoxins produced by the FHB pathogens are hazardous to the health of human and livestock. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology of FHB, and introduce effects of this disease on economy, environment and food safety. We focus on the integrated management approaches for controlling FHB including agronomic practices, resistant cultivars, chemical control, and biocontrol. In addition, we also discuss the potential novel management strategies against FHB and mycotoxin. 相似文献
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抗赤霉病小麦新品种轮选22的选育及性状表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探讨抗赤霉病小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)新品种轮选22的推广价值及应用潜力.[方法]介绍轮选22的选育经过,并分析其主要特征特性、产量表现、品质、适应范围和利用前景,最后概述了其栽培要点.[结果]轮选22(原代号皖0202,皖麦202)系安徽省农业科学院作物研究所利用矮败小麦进行轮回选择选育而成的抗赤霉病小麦新品种.该品种弱春性,一般单产6.0 ～9.0 t/hm2,适于沿淮及淮南地区中上等肥力水平的地块种植;株高80～85 cm,长芒、白壳、白粒、丰角质,千粒重40 g左右,后期转色好,不早衰,特别是对小麦赤霉病抗性强,作为稻茬麦优势更强.适宜播种期为10月中下旬至11月初,基本苗可掌握在180万～270万/hm2.[结论]轮选22性状优,产量高,品质好,在沿淮及淮南地区具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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影响小麦赤霉病抗性的Lophopyrumelongatum染色体定位 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
禾谷镰刀菌 (FusariumgraminearumSchwabe)引起的小麦赤霉病穗腐是一种世界性病害。近几年 ,国际上许多研究者把赤霉病问题作为重点项目进行了研究 ,对赤霉病抗性遗传有了许多新的认识。本研究中 ,我们利用Lophopyrumelongatum染色体附加系为材料研究发现 ,Lophopyrumelongatum的赤霉病抗性在小麦背景中得到充分表达 ,其赤霉病抗性主要归功于 1Ee 染色体的作用 ,同时 3Ee,4Ee,6Ee 染色体可能有作用微弱的基因存在 相似文献
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2001~2003年,对不同药剂防治小麦赤霉病的效果进行了田间试验研究。结果表明,接种前2,3 d和接种后2,3,5 d喷施三唑类杀菌剂,与接种未喷药对照相比,戊唑醇可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少76.47%~78.67%,籽粒中毒素含量减少64.19%~81.39%,增产10.81%~21.15%;羟菌唑可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少74.64%~82.06%,籽粒中毒素含量减少42.43%~88.01%,增产11.01%~13.35%;大田示范试验中,处理区小麦赤霉病病情指数比对照区平均减少91.92%;对照药剂多菌灵与利德隆对小麦赤霉病也有很好的防治效果。 相似文献