共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 241 毫秒
1.
CHEN Yan YUAN Chang-chun CHEN Xiao-ting School of Life Science Technology Zhanjiang Normal University Zhanjiang 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel. 相似文献
2.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel. 相似文献
3.
Changes in the vascular cylinder of wild soybean （Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc） roots under alkaline stress were investigated in an experiment that applied 90 mmol L1 alkaline stress for 10 d at the five-trifoliate plant growth stage in Huinan County, Jilin Province, China. Root samples were collected and paraffin-cut sections were made, and the root structure was observed under an optical microscope. There were significant changes in the vascular cylinder of G. soja roots under alkaline stress. Root diameter was reduced and the vascular cylinder changed from tetrarch to triarch pattern. Alkaline stress resulted in reduced, diameters of root vessels, and a large amount of residual, alkaline solution was stained cyaneous in vessels. The paratracheal parenchymatous cells of the vessels were large and there was little secondary xylem. Thus, alkaline stress caused structural changes in the vascular cylinder of G. soja. 相似文献
4.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Processing Apple Varieties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SONG Ye ZHAI Heng YAO Yu-xin LI Ming DU Yuan-peng 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(10):745-750
Genetic diversity of 18 processing apple varieties and two fresh varieties were evaluated using 12 simple sequence repeats （SSR） primer pairs previously identified in Malus domestica Borkh. A total of 87 alleles in 10 loci were detected using 10 polymorphic SSR markers selected within the range of 5-14 alleles per locus. All the 20 varieties could be distinguished using two primer pairs and they were divided into four groups using cluster analysis. The genetic similarity （GS） of groups analyzed using cluster analysis varied from 0.14 to 0.83. High acid variety Avrolles separated from other varieties with GS less than 0.42. The second group contained Longfeng and Dolgo from Northeast of China, the inherited genes of Chinese crab apple. The five cider varieties with high tannin contents, namely, Dabinette, Frequin rouge, Kermerrien, M.Menard, and D.Coetligne were clustered into the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of 12 juice and fresh varieties. Principal coordinate analysis （PCO） also divided all the varieties into four groups. Juice and fresh apple varieties, Longfeng and Dolgo were clustered together, respectively, using both the analyses. Both the analyses showed there was much difference between cider and juice varieties, cider and fresh varieties, as well as Chinese crab apple and western European crab apple, whereas juice varieties and fresh varieties had a similar genetic background. The genetic diversity and differentiation could be sufficiently reflected by combining the two analytical methods. 相似文献
5.
[Objective] The aim was to study on the genetic diversity of local varieties of Chinese Hu mulberry （Morus L.）. [Method] The genetic diversity of 141 copies of Hu mulberry varieties was analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. [Result] 12 ISSR primers had amplified a total of 90 amplified,of which 57 bands were polymorphic,and the polymorphic rate was 63.33%. The genetic similarity coefficients of 141 Hu mulberry germplasm resources varied from 0.633 3 to 1.000 0 with the average of 0.483 35,indicating that there was difference on genetic diversity among different varieties of Hu mulberries. A dendrogram of all 141 Hu mulberry varieties based on the genetic similarity coefficients using ISSR molecular markers was generated by UPGMA cluster method. Clustering of the 141 Hu mulberry varieties did not correspond with the conventional classification involving differences in style,leaf,branch,fruit and other morphological or agronomical characters. [Conclusion] Four subgroups clearly represented the genetic relationships in the 141 accessions which were benefit for the variety improvement and germplasm resource conservation. 相似文献
6.
TANG Rong-hua ZHUANG Wei-jian GAO Guo-qing HE Liang-qiong HAN Zhu-qiang SHAN Shi-hua JIANG Jing LI Yang-rui 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(4):405-414
Fourteen wild species of different sections in the genus Arachis and 24 accessions of the AABB allotetraploid A. hypogaea （cultivated peanut） from several countries which belong to different botanical varieties, were analyzed by SSR and AFLP marker systems. The assay-units per system needed to distinguish among all the tested accessions were at least five for SSR or two for AFLP. The genetic distance detected by the SSR markers ranged from 0.09 to 0.95, and the mean was 0.73; and the genetic distance detected by the AFLP markers ranged from 0.01 to 0.79 with an average of 0.42. All the tested peanut SSR primer pairs were multilocus ones, and the amplified fragments per SSR marker in each peanut genome ranged from 2 to 15 with the mean of 4.77. The peanut cultivars were closely related to each other, and shared a large numbers of SSR and AFLP fragments. In contrast, the species in the genus Arachis shared few fragments. The results indicated that the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） varieties could be partitioned into two main groups and four subgroups at the molecular level, and that A. duranensis is one of the wild ancestors of A. hypogaea. The lowest genetic variation was detected between A. cardenasii and A. batizocoi, and the highest was detected between A. pintoi and the species in the section Arachis. The relationships among the botanical varieties in the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） and among wild species accessions in section Arachis and those in other sections in the genus Arachis were discussed. 相似文献
7.
《农业科学学报》2016,(7)
As selenium and carotenoids are essential micronutrients, the determination of their concentrations in different varieties is important in the breeding of foxtail millet(Setaria italica L. P. Beauv.). To identify selenium- and carotenoid-enriched foxtail millet varieties and to analyze correlations between trace elements and agronomic traits, we measured the selenium and carotenoid concentrations of 200 Chinese accessions by high-performance liquid chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Our analysis revealed that lutein concentration in 200 foxtail millet accessions followed normal distribution and average was 3.1 μg g~(–1). The mean value of zeaxanthin concentration in 200 accessions was 8.6 μg g~(–1). Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher in the foxtail millet from Liaoning than in varieties from other locations, with averages of 10.0 and 3.5 μg g~(–1), respectively. The average measured selenium concentration was 100.3 μg kg–1. The highest average selenium concentration, 110.3 μg kg~(–1), was found in varieties from Shanxi. Varieties from Inner Mongolia had the lowest average selenium concentration, 84.7 μg kg~(–1), which was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of Shanxi. Selenium concentrations of 23 varieties were higher than 117.9 μg kg~(–1), accounting for 11.5% of the total, thereby were considered to be enriched in selenium. In addition, we identified 29 lutein-enriched varieties(4.27 μg g~(–1)) and 30 zeaxanthin-enriched ones(12.63 μg g~(–1)), which corresponded to 14.5 and 15% of tested accessions, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that selenium concentration was significantly positively correlated with spikelet length(P0.01), while zeaxanthin concentration was significantly correlated with grass weight(P0.05) and spikelet length(P0.01). No correlation was found between lutein concentration and agronomic characters, selenium content or zeaxanthin content. Our results should contribute substantially to the selection of suitable varieties for the development of plants with desired levels of these nutritionally important elements. These results will significantly contribute towards selection of the most suitable varieties for obtaining plants with desired levels of these nutritionally important elements. 相似文献
8.
ZHOU Zhong-kai ;HUA Ze-tian ;YANG Yan ;ZHENG Pai-yun ;ZHANG Yan ;CHEN Xiao-shan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(5):1146-1153
In order to understand the effect of starch molecular characteristics on the gel structure, which subsequently influence the gel digestion behaviours, three wheat starches, control （conventional wheat starch）, two new wheat cultivars with different genetic backgrounds （by knocking out SBE IIb and SBE IIa, respectively） were used in this study. In comparison with control, slight differences in the morphology of the starch granules of new wheat 1 were observed, whereas the starch granules of new wheat 2 had irregular shapes both for A-type granules and B-type granules. Starch molecular weight size was determined by SE-HPLC, and the results indicate that there was a subtle increase in the amylose content in the starch of new wheat 1 compared to that of control. The starch of new wheat 2 had the highest amylose content, and the molecular weight （MW） of its amylopectin was the lowest among the three starches. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was employed to investigate starch gel structure and the results suggest that the molecules of starch gel from new wheat 2 are more likely to re-associate to form an organized conformation. The digestion behaviours of the three starch gels were measured using a mixture of pancreatin a-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The results indicated that the starch gels of control and new wheat 1 had very high digestibility of 91.7 and 91.9%, respectively, whereas the digestibility of wheat 2 starch gel was only 36.2%. In comparison with the digestion curve pattems of control and new wheat 1 starch gels, the new wheat 2 exhibited a much lower initial velocity. These results indicated that the molecules in the starch of new wheat 2 are more readily to re-associate to form an organized structure during gel formation because of its unique molecular characteristics. 相似文献
9.
ZHANG Feng-lu NIU Xing-kui ZHANG Yi-ming XIE Rui-zhi LIU Xin LI Shao-kun GAO Shi-ju 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2013,(3):426-435
Experiment was conducted at the Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Province, China, during 2009-2010. Six representative varieties of maize (Baihe in the 1950s, Jidan 101 in the 1960s, Zhongdan 2 in the 1970s, Yedan 13 in the 1980s, Zhengdan 958 in the 1990s, and Xianyu 335 in the 2000s) were each planted under two different densities (52 500 and 82 500 plants ha-1) and two different nitrogen application levels (150 and 300 kg ha-1). Root characteristics and distribution among soil layers were studied by the field root digging method. The results showed that root mass increased with the process of the growth and development of the plant, and it peaked at kernel filling stage, and decreased at maturity due to the root senesces. Root mass of different maize varieties from the 1950s to 1980s had a trend of increase, while it decreased for the modern varieties. Root length and root surface areas had the similar changing trend. The study suggested that early maize varieties may have root redundancy, and reducing root redundancy may be a direction for variety improvement for high yield. Root characteristics were affected by nitrogen application level and density; modern varieties were more suitable for higher fertilizer application level and density conditions. Root characteristics distribution among soil layers decreased by an exponent equation, but the regression coefficients of different varieties were different. Though the root length density (RLD) of every soil layer of different varieties also decreased by an exponent equation, there were large variations of RLD in every part of a layer. 相似文献
10.
Selection of Parents for Breeding Edible Varieties of Sweetpotato with High Carotene Content 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
MA Dai-fu LI Qiang LI Xiu-ying LI Hong-min TANG Zhong-hou HU Ling CAO Qing-he XIE Yi-ping WANG Xin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(10):1166-1173
Sweetpotato varieties with high carotene content have high value for human health. This work aims to improve the breeding efficiency of special varieties with high carotene content by combining molecular markers and agronomic traits to evaluate and screen the parents. The cluster analysis was carried out to identify and screen promising parents by utilizing phenotypic results of the agronomic and characteristic traits, and RAPD and ISSR markers of 15 parents and their offspring by group crossing. Among different parental materials, greater variations were observed in two important traits, the carotene content and the storage root yield. Negative correlation was found between the carotene content and both fresh and dried root yields. The most significant positive correlation was between the carotene content of parents and that of their offspring, with the coefficient of correlation value of 0.7932＊＊. The relationship based on the agronomic characters of the trial materials was not in agreement with the known genealogy, while that based on the molecular marker data showed better result. Each primer amplified 13.8 bands oflSSR markers on average, in which the rate of polymorphic loci was 89.6%. 9.4 bands of RAPD markers were arnplified per primer, in which the rate of polymorphic bands was 74.46%. Large genetic variation of carotene content was found among the parents. For analyzing the genetic diversity of sweetpotato, the molecular marker methods were better than morphological traits; ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD markers. The combination of molecular markers and agronomic trait analysis may provide valuable theoretic basis for selection of parents to breed new varieties with high carotene content. 相似文献
11.
[目的]为杨桃的品种鉴定及果树栽培提供理论依据。[方法]运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相方法,对3个杨桃品种(秤锤杨桃、蜜丝杨桃、红杨桃)茎次生木质部导管分子结构进行研究。[结果]杨桃茎次生木质部导管分子有两端具尾、一端具尾和无尾3种类型;导管分子平均长度为328.88~366.09μm,平均宽度为44.61~52.43μm;端壁多数为单穿孔板;壁上纹孔式以互列-对列混合纹孔式为主。[结论]杨桃导管分子的多数特征表现为导管分子系统演化过程中较为进化的特征,但也存在导管两端或一端有尾、端壁倾斜等较为原始的性状;杨桃导管分子的结构与其生态适应性相一致,不同品种的生长特性也与导管分子结构差异相一致。 相似文献
12.
运用细胞图像分析系统及显微照相的方法,观察研究鳄梨次生木质部导管分子。结果发现,鳄梨次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式,并且导管分子穿孔板存在着6种类型:①两端均为一个单穿孔板;②一端为一个单穿孔板,另一端为梯状穿孔板;③两端均为梯状穿孔板;④一端为梯状穿孔板,另一端为奇特样式穿孔板;⑤两梯状穿孔板分别位于同一导管分子相对的侧壁互相对应;⑥一单穿孔板和一梯状穿孔板分别位于同一导管分子相对的侧壁互相对应;还存在一些过渡类型。管间纹孔式为互列纹孔式,导管射线间纹孔式为横列、纵列刻痕状纹孔式。部分导管分子侧壁具有纹饰。分别对其进行了描述,并从导管分子个体发育与系统发育的角度进行了讨论。 相似文献
13.
以‘早熟’龙眼、‘紫娘喜’荔枝及其属间杂种(1、2、4、9、10、18号)单株为试验材料,采用徒手切片法和组织离析法观察其枝干木质部解剖结构,测定其形态特征、有机营养成分及光合速率等指标,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:杂种的树皮率、射线宽度和导管密度均小于亲本,杂种的导管分子长度大于亲本;除9号单株外,杂种的导管分子内径、一端具尾频率、株高、茎直径、叶面积、节间距均显著大于亲本,表现出明显的杂种优势;生长势强的杂种单株叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量、游离氨基酸含量和净光合速率均高于生长势弱的单株;株高、叶面积、节间距与树皮率呈极显著负相关,茎粗与树皮率呈显著负相关;光合速率和导管总面积与木质部面积的比值、导管分子内径和一端具尾频率呈显著正相关,与导管分子两端具尾频率呈显著负相关;叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量均和导管总面积与木质部面积的比值呈显著正相关,氨基酸含量与导管分子内径、导管分子长度呈显著正相关,分别与导管密度、射线宽度呈极显著、显著负相关。 相似文献
14.
[目的]为抑制杨桃贮藏与加工过程中发生的酶促褐变提供理论依据。[方法]以8种酚类物质作底物,采用分光光度计法测定不同杨桃品种果实及其贮藏过程中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化情况。[结果]5个甜杨桃品种果实中测有PPO活性,该活性均强烈催化焦性没食子酸的氧化反应,但对绿原酸的氧化活性很弱。不同杨桃品种的PPO活性有很大差异,蜜丝甜杨桃PPO对焦性没食子酸的氧化活性明显高于其他品种,而酸杨桃PPO活性极弱。甜杨桃PPO对焦性没食子酸的Km值为3.79~6.80 mmol/L,其Km值因品种不同而异。在果实贮藏期间,3个甜杨桃品种果实中的PPO活性均呈先降再升高而后又降低的变化趋势。[结论]在杨桃制品的加工中宜选用酸杨桃、新加坡红杨桃、马来西亚1号杨桃等PPO活性低的杨桃品种作为加工原料,以有利于酶促褐变的抑制。 相似文献
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16.
以当年生枝木质部解剖结构特征分析扁桃不同栽培品种的抗栓塞能力，可为深入了解扁桃干旱胁迫适应机制提供理论参考。利用光学显微镜解析扁桃当年生枝木质部组织解剖结构特征，通过隶属函数方法对扁桃不同品种的抗栓塞能力进行初步评价。结果表明:1）不同生态类群扁桃品种当年生枝木质部导管直径（D）、导管水力直径（Dh）、导管密度（VD）、单导管指数(Vs)和木材密度（WD）间存在极显著性差异（P<0.01），美国品种当年生枝WD和Vs高于新疆地方品种，而新疆地方品种D和VD极显著大于美国品种（P<0.01）。2）抗栓塞能力由高到低排序为S3>M7>M2>M1>M8>S14>S1>S9>S12，即美国品种的木质部抗栓塞能力高于新疆地方品种（除S3以外）。 相似文献
17.
[目的]对白花败酱营养器官进行解剖学观察。[方法]运用植物解剖学的方法对白花败酱的营养器官进行观察。[结果]白花败酱根的初生木质部为二原型或三原型,次生结构中的维管组织发达,导管直径大而木射线细胞直径小,木栓层较厚。冬季根皮层细胞中有大量的淀粉粒。成熟的茎具髓腔,维管束在横切面上呈环状排列,髓部及皮层薄壁细胞中有晶体存在。叶为典型的异面叶,海绵组织发达,细胞间隙较大。气孔主要分布于下表皮,为无规则型。叶上有长的表皮毛;叶及幼茎的表皮上有腺毛。茎及叶表层的细胞中还常有色素。[结论]试验观察的特征与白花败酱的生态适应性和抗逆性特点相适应。 相似文献
18.
对沙枣茎次生木质部进行了解剖学研究。结果表明:沙枣茎的次生木质部为环孔材,导管分子穿孔板为单穿孔,导管有具缘纹孔,多为互列式,大多数导管分子短而宽。木射线为异形射线Ⅱ-B。侵填体多。轴向木薄壁组织为离管型的星散薄壁组织和傍管型的稀疏傍管薄壁组织。木薄壁组织发达,易产生不定根和不定芽。轴向木射线薄壁组织丰富、纹孔大是侵填体形成的原因。沙枣胶大多分布于径向木薄壁组织即木射线中。木纤维壁厚度与纤维腔宽度之比小于1,是上好的造纸材料。 相似文献
19.
茶藨子属次生木质部导管分子形态学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
茶藨子属植物是经济价值较高的一个类群,但该属植物形态变异幅度大,拥有两性花和单性花的两大复杂类群,属下分类难度较大。本研究利用光学显微技术和扫描电镜技术,对茶藨子属7个亚属20种植物导管分子的形态结构进行了较系统的研究。结果显示: 1)茶藨子属植物导管分子均具孔纹导管类型,有一些种类兼具螺纹导管类型,该属导管分子均具尾部,尾部长短不一。 2)导管分子长度250~440 μm,直径15~30 μm,该属植物导管分子属于细小类型。 3)穿孔板类型为梯状穿孔板,且穿孔板上横隔数量在5.2~11.0之间,端壁倾斜角度较小,在13.33°~18.95°之间,且种属间变化不大;东北茶藨子、矮茶藨子、木里茶藨子、紫花茶藨子具有网—梯过渡穿孔板,长刺茶藨子、小果茶藨子、华茶藨子具梯—单过渡穿孔板。 4)香茶藨子、老铁山腺毛茶藨子与木里茶藨子个别导管分子具侧壁穿孔板。5)纹孔式样为互列式或兼有互列式和对列式,纹孔形状种间存在较大差异,有圆形、近圆形、菱形、条形以及线形。 6)导管分子内壁形态各异,多为较光滑的内壁,也有较粗糙的内壁,即导管分子内壁有大小不等的圆形点状突起物,或由大小不等的突起物构成网状突起。 相似文献