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采用全事件取样法,结合瞬时扫取样法和焦点动物取样法,观测了舍饲湖羊母羊空怀期、妊娠期和哺乳期的采食、反刍、卧息和站立等维持行为。结果表明:不同生理发育时期湖羊母羊的主要维持行为时间分配存在差异,各个生理时期母羊采食时间基本固定,并呈现3个采食高峰期。妊娠期母羊的卧息时间占总维持行为时间比例最高,约占34%,其次是反刍行为,约占27%;空怀期母羊的反刍行为占总维持行为时间比例最高,约占31%,其次卧息行为,约占27%;哺乳期母羊的卧息时间占总维持行为时间比例最高,约占31%,其次是反刍行为分别约占28%;3个生理期中,母羊的站立时间占总维持行为时间最少,只有6%左右。可见母羊卧息行为、反刍行为和采食行为成为母羊在相应生理时期的主导优势行为。 相似文献
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观察舍饲条件下合作猪的行为特征,表明：在1d内,公猪走动时间占30％～40％,卧息时间占60％～70％,母猪走动时间占15％～25％,卧息时间占75％～85％,1d内采食时间占4％左右,排粪5～6次。合作母猪性成熟早,发情特征明显。青年公猪40～55日龄出现爬跨行为,80日龄可参加配种。母猪产前18h开始闹圈,产仔持续时间1．5～4．5h。母猪哺乳能力强。合作猪经调圈或合群后产生咬斗行为,以便建立新的位次序列。合作猪抗逆性强,耐粗饲,对高原环境有独特的适应能力。 相似文献
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观察舍饲条件下合作猪的行为特征,表明：在1d内,公猪走动时间占30％～40％,卧息时间占60％～70％,母猪走动时间占15％～25％,卧息时间占75％～85％,1d内采食时间占4％左右,排粪5～6次。合作母猪性成熟早,发情特征明显。青年公猪40～55日龄出现爬跨行为,80日龄可参加配种。母猪产前18h开始闹圈,产仔持续时间1．5～4．5h。母猪哺乳能力强。合作猪经调圈或合群后产生咬斗行为,以便建立新的位次序列。合作猪抗逆性强,耐粗饲,对高原环境有独特的适应能力。 相似文献
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2018年6—10月,采用扫描取样法研究了哈尔滨北方森林动物园圈养野猪的行为,同时记录了参观野猪游客的数量和行为。在此基础上,研究了游客对野猪行为的影响。结果表明:(1)游客数量上升伴随着对野猪投食和逗引行为增加,野猪求食行为增加;(2)野猪卧息、站立、运动、冲突、友好、繁殖行为的频次与游客数量不显著相关(P>0.05);(3)刻板行为频次与游客数量呈显著正相关(相关系数=0.672,P<0.05);(4)野猪的刻板行为频次与游客数量之间的最佳拟合曲线方程为Y=-4.573+0.288 X-0.001 X^2+(4.818×10^-7)X^3,其中Y为野猪刻板行为频次,X为游客数量。研究表明,游客对野猪不同行为有不同的影响。 相似文献
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圈养条件下梅花鹿初夏昼间行为节律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年4月3日至5月27日,以江苏省扬州市瘦西湖景区平山堂养殖场圈养梅花鹿(sika deer)为研究对象,采用扫描取样法(Scan sampling)和全事件记录方法(All-occurrence recording),研究了34只梅花鹿行为节律.结果表明:初夏昼间梅花鹿取食、卧息、观望、反刍、移动、修饰行为频次依次减少,取食和卧息行为频次占昼间行为的68%.昼活动节律中,取食频次有两个高峰期,分别在7:30和17:30左右.而反刍和卧息行为频次高峰期在11:00～14:00之间.对公鹿、母鹿和幼鹿群体取食和卧息行为频次分析表明,在11:30～12:30、13:30～14:30和15:30～16:30三个时间段内,公鹿取食频次和母鹿、幼鹿取食频次差异显著,在8:30～9:30和11:30～12:30及15:30～17:30连续时间段内,公鹿的卧息行为频次与母鹿和幼鹿卧息行为频次差异显著.本结论可为梅花鹿饲养管理和遗传选育提供基础理论依据. 相似文献
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2017年3月19日昆明动物园1头雌性东北虎产下3只幼仔。本项研究通过监控视频,使用瞬时扫描法,记录了雌虎及幼虎在此日后30 d内的行为并进行了整理和分析;观察结果显示,雌虎在哺乳初期的行为以休息和哺乳为主,分别占到了行为总频率的55.13%和19.21%,而幼虎在哺乳初期的行为以休息和吮乳为主,分别占到了71.25%和12.98%。不同时期雌虎出现的休息、哺乳、亲幼虎行为差异显著(P<0.05),移动、进食和其他行为的差异极显著(P<0.01);幼虎表现出的休息、吮乳、拱拔、张望、玩耍和其他行为在6个时期都呈现极显著差异(P<0.01),亲雌虎行为差异显著(P<0.05),而移动行为在不同时期的差异不显著;幼虎在哺乳初期还有新的行为发育出现。 相似文献
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从2011年12月到2012年4月,应用全事件取样法和目标动物取样法对南昌动物园2只处于育龄期的华南虎进行了丰容前后的行为观察,对丰容前后行为发生的时间分配、行为比例进行了研究比较。结果显示：丰容前主要出现踱步行为（刻板行为）,休息行为和摄食行为（摄食行为的发生受人为控制）等行为,丰容后行为谱明显丰富,行为种类增多,玩耍行为,社会行为占据整个行为谱的时间比重加大,丰容前后行为存在显著的差异。研究结构表明可以通过丰容来改变华南虎的行为节律,从而减少其刻板行为,增加了社会行为,对提高动物繁殖的成功率可能起到一定作用。 相似文献
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应用气味丰容减少圈养华南虎（Panthera tigris amoyensis）的刻板行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2012年3～7月,对上海动物园2只雄性华南虎的刻板行为特征进行总结和分析,并开展同种其他个体的气味丰容,旨在减少圈养华南虎的刻板行为.华南虎的刻板行为主要出现在外展区4个区域,分别位于外展区的水池边、饲料投喂口、动物串门,室内笼舍.主要表现为重复性踱步,整体形状为“8”字形或者直线;华南虎的刻板行为主要发生于早晨（7：00～8：00）、傍晚（16：00～18：00）.气味丰容前后,华南虎的昼间行为的整体分配出现显著性差异（P＜0.05）,其中刻板行为的发生频率显著降低（P＜0.05）;活动行为的发生频率显著提升（P＜0.05）,标记行为显著增加（P＜0.05）;站立行为、卧息行为及睡眠行为减少,其他行为（如嗅闻和探索）增加,但均无显著差异（P＞0.05）. 相似文献
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David G Baker 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2002,33(4):389-391
A captive adult male Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) was treated for chronic footpad ulcers associated with pacing on concrete cage surfaces. Combination therapy of oral fluoxetine and acepromazine administration to diminate pacing behavior, daily application of moisturizing ointment, and oral vitamin E supplementation resulted in complete resolution of all footpad lesions. Subsequent clinical episodes completely resolved with similar treatments. 相似文献
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《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(4):172-176
The present study examined daytime behavior patterns of 19 captive tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) housed in Nandankanan Zoological Park, Odisha, India. Behavioral observations of 1254 hours were analyzed for target behaviors using instantaneous sampling and 1-minute sample periods. We found that these captive tigers spent about 23% of the daytime exhibiting stereotypic behavior, that is, pacing, with a biphasic peak at 10:00 to 11:00 am and 16:00 to 17:00 pm. The incidence of stereotypic pacing behavior appears high, warranting further investigation of the cause of this stereotypic behavior and whether an effect of behavioral enrichment is required for a better understanding of welfare implications on the animals. 相似文献
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Noninvasive genetics provides insights into the population size and genetic diversity of an Amur tiger population in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Understanding population size and genetic diversity is critical for effective conservation of endangered species. The Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is the largest felid and a flagship species for wildlife conservation. Due to habitat loss and human activities, available habitat and population size are continuously shrinking. However, little is known about the true population size and genetic diversity of wild tiger populations in China. In this study, we collected 55 fecal samples and 1 hair sample to investigate the population size and genetic diversity of wild Amur tigers in Hunchun National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, China. From the samples, we determined that 23 fecal samples and 1 hair sample were from 7 Amur tigers: 2 males, 4 females and 1 individual of unknown sex. Interestingly, 2 fecal samples that were presumed to be from tigers were from Amur leopards, highlighting the significant advantages of noninvasive genetics over traditional methods in studying rare and elusive animals. Analyses from this sample suggested that the genetic diversity of wild Amur tigers is much lower than that of Bengal tigers, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of this Hunchun population in China was lower than that of the adjoining subpopulation in southwest Primorye Russia, likely due to sampling bias. Considering the small population size and relatively low genetic diversity, it is urgent to protect this endangered local subpopulation in China. 相似文献
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Antony J. LYNAM 《Integrative zoology》2010,5(4):324-334
A century ago, tigers (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests, and governments sponsored their killing. Habitat loss and fragmentation, market-driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former range. Despite 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding, national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly approximated. The future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover subpopulations. On a regional scale, the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and P. tigris jacksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation units. Evaluating where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability (likelihood of extinction) and irreplaceability (likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation) of tiger subpopulations. Only 1 site in Thailand supporting <200 individuals (Huai Kha Khaeng–Thung Yai) is considered low vulnerability, and is irreplaceable. Five sites in Lao, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia are medium vulnerability and irreplaceable. Priorities at these 6 sites are to double tiger numbers within 10 years through protection and monitoring. Seven sites in Lao, Thailand and Myanmar are high vulnerability and irreplaceable, and might be recovered if government commitment to tigers, staff capacity and legal frameworks for tiger protection are established. Tigers are extremely vulnerable or even extinct in Cambodia's Eastern Plains and the site is irreplaceable for tigers because it represents the only large (>10 000 km2) block of dry forest habitat available in the region. A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there. 相似文献
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郭玉荣刘颖许鲁魏丹马建章 《野生动物》2014,(1):15-18
目前黑龙江东北虎林园有东北虎1000多只，每天会排出大量的粪便，之前仅将虎粪作为垃圾处理，耗费大量的人力、物力和财力，而且还存在处理不及时造成对水源、空气、土壤等污染的问题。本研究通过系统比较野生东北虎和人工圈养东北虎粪便的矿物质含量，分析不同饲喂条件下人工圈养东北虎虎粪的矿物质含量和营养组成，在充分认识虎粪的环境污染问题的基础上，探讨虎粪的有效利用问题，提出了虎粪可作为沼气池发酵原料和有机肥料等潜在的利用途径，为改善和美化东北虎林园的环境，同时为开发虎粪资源，变废为宝提供了新的思路。 相似文献