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扎龙湿地丹顶鹤种群数量调查及保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据野外调查以及人工驯养繁育丹顶鹤的数量统计,研究了近30 a（1981～2010年）扎龙湿地丹顶鹤种群的变动。结果表明,扎龙保护区野生丹顶鹤数量维持在300只左右,是我国最大的野生丹顶鹤繁殖种群,占世界迁徙野生丹顶鹤总数的25%,而这些主要得益于扎龙保护区再建区30 a来,通过严格管护、科学研究、社区共建、环境教育及实施有效补水等一系列举措,使保护区核心区生态完整性和原始性得以保持,湿地面积占保护区总面积的75.7%,为丹顶鹤等珍稀濒危鸟类提供了良好的栖息繁殖场所。同时保护区在人工饲养繁育丹顶鹤领域积累了丰富的实践经验,丹顶鹤人工驯养种群达到300多只,已成为中国丹顶鹤人工驯养繁育科学研究基地,保护区探索出的人工繁育丹顶鹤的野化途径和方法,对野生丹顶鹤种群数量的补充起到了积极作用。 相似文献
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小熊猫（Ailurus fulgens）属食肉目。浣熊科，是产于东亚的小型珍贵动物，被列为国家二级保护动物。目前小熊猫的数量日渐减少，而动物园则发挥其特有优势，在保护的同时也进行了科学合理的人工饲养研究，从而有效提高了小熊猫的繁殖成活率，为扩大种群数量做了有益的探索。 相似文献
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《经济动物学报》2018,(4)
以重庆动物园圈养展出的5只(1♂4♀)成年小熊猫为研究对象,以该雄性个体作为社群动物加入随机1∶1分组的试验组进行社群丰容,观察春夏秋冬四季社群丰容对圈养小熊猫行为时间分配的影响。结果表明:单雌性小熊猫在圈养条件下,表现出活动、玩耍、繁殖、刻板等12种行为,春夏秋冬都有蹭阴标记、嗅闻标记物的繁殖行为表现。社群丰容增加了小熊猫的活动行为,以冬季增幅最大,增加了6.2%;增加了小熊猫玩耍行为,以秋季增加最多,增加了4.8%;增加了小熊猫繁殖行为,繁殖行为最高峰值出现在春季,为9.3%;丰容减少了小熊猫休息行为、刻板行为,最大减幅分别在夏季、秋季,分别减少了2.9%、7.1%。春季丰容极大增加小熊猫繁殖行为,有利于促进小熊猫圈养条件下的繁衍,对扩大小熊猫圈养种群、保护生物多样性具有重大意义。 相似文献
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许多野生动物在人工饲养条件下已能成活和繁殖,但要保证它们健康地生长和发育,还有许多问题需要研究和探讨。1990年4月,我们发现本园饲养的三只小熊猫出现非生理性脱毛,在治疗过程中,发现该例小熊猫脱毛不但与营养有关,而且涉及动物种群的优势等级。因此,它的诊断和治愈过程对动物的饲养管理有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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红砂种群繁殖特性的研究 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
以 2个不同生境条件及发育阶段的红砂种群为对象 ,开展了红砂种群繁殖特性的研究。结果表明 ,红砂除以种子和根基劈裂方式繁殖外 ,特定条件下还存在不定根繁殖方式。3种繁殖方式在种群繁殖中所占比例因种群所处生境及发育阶段的不同而有较大差异。位于干旱、沙化生境的成熟阶段红砂种群以无性繁殖为主 ,占种群繁殖比例的 72 .4 % ,样地内未见当年实生苗和幼龄有性繁殖个体。位于相对湿润、以侵入种出现在山地草原的幼龄阶段种群以有性繁殖为主 ,占种群繁殖比例的 5 3.5 % ,其中当年实生苗占 3.9%。两个红砂种群中 ,红砂灌丛的劈裂繁殖体数与冠径均呈显著的正相关关系 (n=30 ,P<0 .0 1)。不定根繁殖与灌丛大小不相关 (n=30 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ,其发生主要依赖于枝条被流沙掩埋后 ,再遇降水使沙土含有足够萌根的水分。封育条件下 ,红砂种群当年仅有 4 8%的灌丛开花结实 ,平均种子产量为 0 .89g/丛 ,变化在 0 .0 4～ 3.6 3g/丛之间。此外 ,讨论了繁殖特性与环境条件的关系 相似文献
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以40头斑海豹（雌兽21头,雄兽19头）为研究对象,从2006年开始进行斑海豹的人工繁育试验。2008年、2009年和2010年分别成功繁育了2头、7头和8头斑海豹,成活率分别为33.3%,70.0%和66.6%。同时,对人工饲养条件下斑海豹的繁殖条件、孕期管理、产前饲养和生产过程管理及幼海豹人工填食、驯化等方面进行了总结。描述了斑海豹的不同时期的形态和行为变化,并介绍了斑海豹人工繁殖的优化条件。为提高斑海豹人工繁育成活率、建立合理的饲养管理标准提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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为了解圈养条件下小熊猫对人工环境的选择和行为习性,为笼舍的设计和改进提供理论依据,在春夏两季对圈养的10只小熊猫进行了行为观察。结果表明,与野生小熊猫白天主要以活动行为为主不同,圈养小熊猫白天以睡和卧等安静行为为主（68.32%）,对行为发生的地点具有明显的选择性（P〈0.001）,而且几乎不受气温和天气的影响（P〉0.05）。自然生长的树为圈养小熊猫的首选地点（53.6%）。小熊猫在地面主要以活动行为为主（83.06%）,对笼箱的结构和材料没有明显的选择性（P〉0.05）。因此,圈养小熊猫笼舍内最好能种植树木,而笼箱的结构和材料则依景观的需要进行设置。 相似文献
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老年大熊猫的数量随着圈养时间的推移在逐年增加,由此带来的老年大熊猫饲养管理问题也越发凸显出来;因此,研究老年大熊猫的饲养管理以及探寻老年大熊猫医疗保健方法,对于提高老年大熊猫的福利具有现实意义。本文对中国大熊猫保护研究中心圈养老年大熊猫的饲养管理和保健措施进行总结,阐述老年大熊猫的日常管理、医疗保健等饲养管理要点,通过个性化的饲料与饲喂方法,定期体检、早发现早诊断,定期修剪趾甲,防暑防寒,适当活动,避免应激等措施,提高了老年大熊猫的生活质量和体质,对保持大熊猫种群整体的健康水平极其重要,为逐步开展大熊猫养老研究提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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In China, the first Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) group was released in
Kalamaili Ungulate Protected Area in Xinjiang, in August 2001. The objective of this study
was to investigate reproduction and development of released Przewalski’s horses in
Xinjiang, China from 2002 to 2006. Twenty-four descendants were naturally born, average
reproduction rate was 38.7%, and average survival rate of foals was 69.1% in this interim.
Frequent alternation of the leading stallion and infertility in female horses due to
environmental factors were main causes for the low reproduction rate. The infant mortality
rate of released Przewalski’s horses was 25.0%, and 83.3% of death in infants was due to
the leading stallion infanticide. The released Przewalski’s horses exhibited seasonal
breeding, 70.8% of infants were born in May and June. The fertility rates were 8.3% in
April and 37.5% in May, which were lower compared to those of the captive Przewalski’s
horse groups (18.3% and 44.3%, respectively). Furthermore, the fertility rate in June was
33.3% and higher than the captive groups (18.3%). These findings showed that the breeding
peak of the released Przewalski’s horse groups was later than the captive groups, and
suggested that the altered survival environment and food supplies were the main reasons
contributing to the delayed breeding peak. 相似文献
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Randi E 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(Z2):71-75
Captive-reproduced stocks of some species of ungulates (Artiodactyla), and particularly the red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and the wildboar (Sus scrofa) are more or less extensively translocated in Italy, mainly for local reintroductions or restocking of exploited wild populations. However, captive breeding often involves the reproduction of non-indigenous individuals or the production of artificial hybrids. Consequently, translocations of captive-reproduced ungulates are of concern for the conservation of indigenous populations and gene pools. The impact of translocations should be evaluated within the background of the growing knowledge on population genetic and phylogeographic structure of ungulates. Molecular genetic markers are being used to map geographic genetic diversity, and reconstruct the phylogeographic history of natural populations (i.e., in the roe deer). Molecular makers are also used to detect the consequences of domestication and identify hybrids between wild and domesticated populations (i.e., in the wildboar), or to detect inter-specific hybridisation (i.e., between the red deer and wapiti). Hybridisation of wild and domestic pigs, and diffusion of hybrids in nature is widespread in Italy. Admixture of indigenous and non-indigenous roe deer stocks is also widespread. Therefore, conservation and management of indigenous ungulates calls for careful evaluation of captive-reproduced stocks. 相似文献
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Qin Qin Fuwen Wei Ming Li Edward J Dubovi I Kati Loeffler 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):42-50
The future of the endangered red panda (Ailurusfulgens) depends in part on the development of protective measures against infectious diseases. The present study is a first step toward improved understanding of infectious diseases in the species' home regions. Serum samples obtained from 73 red pandas in 10 captive facilities in southwest, east, and northeast China from October to December 2004 were tested for antibodies against nine common infectious pathogens of carnivores. Antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine adenovirus (CAV) in the three facilities in which red pandas were vaccinated were highly variable. The CAV titer in one vaccinated red panda was high enough to suggest infection with the field virus following vaccination. Together with anecdotal reports of vaccine-associated morbidity and mortality, our results suggest that the Chinese vaccine is not suitable for this species. In the seven unvaccinated groups, CDV titers were low and occurred in 20-100% of the animals; antibody titers against CPV were found in seven of eight areas. Only one of 61 and two of 61 unvaccinated red pandas had CAV and canine coronavirus titers, respectively, and these titers were all low. Positive titers to Toxoplasma gondii were found in four locations (33-94% seropositive); the titers in 52% of seropositive individuals were of a magnitude consistent with active disease in other species (1:1,024 to > or = 1:4,096). One red panda in each of three locations was seropositive for Neospora caninum. Antibodies against canine herpesvirus and Brucella canis were not detected in any of the samples. Only one of the 73 red pandas had a weak positive influenza A titer. The results of this study emphasize the need for research on and protection against infectious diseases of red pandas and other endangered species in China. 相似文献
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Captive-reproduced stocks of some species of ungulates (Artiodactyla), and particularly the red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and the wildboar (Sus scrofa) are more or less extensively translocated in Italy, mainly for local reintroductions or restocking of exploited wild populations. However, captive breeding often involves the reproduction of non-indigenous individuals or the production of artificial hybrids. Consequently, translocations of captive-reproduced ungulates are of concern for the conservation of indigenous populations and gene pools. The impact of translocations should be evaluated within the background of the growing knowledge on population genetic and phylogeographic structure of ungulates. Molecular genetic markers are being used to map geographic genetic diversity, and reconstruct the phylogeographic history of natural populations (i.e., in the roe deer). Molecular makers are also used to detect the consequences of domestication and identify hybrids between wild and domesticated populations (i.e., in the wildboar), or to detect inter-specific hybridisation (i.e., between the red deer and wapiti). Hybridisation of wild and domestic pigs, and diffusion of hybrids in nature is widespread in Italy. Admixture of indigenous and non-indigenous roe deer stocks is also widespread. Therefore, conservation and management of indigenous ungulates calls for careful evaluation of captive-reproduced stocks.
相似文献17.
Through the Red Wolf Species Survival Plan, the captive red wolf (Canis rufus) population was developed with the intent of reestablishing wild populations. One part of the plan was a survey for diseases that might occur as a result of population homogeneity or that might impede breeding success and reintroduction. For this survey, complete necropsies and histopathologic analyses were performed on 62 red wolves from 1992 to 1996. Major causes of 22 neonatal deaths were parental trauma, parasitic pneumonia, and septicemia. Common neonatal lesions included pododermatitis and systemic ascariasis. Cardiovascular anomalies and systemic parasitism were found in two juveniles. Causes of death in the 38 adults included conspecific trauma, neoplasia, or gastrointestinal diseases such as necrotizing enteritis, intestinal perforation, and gastric volvulus. Lymphosarcoma represented 50% of the fatal neoplasms. Three adults died from cardiovascular failure or hyperthermia during handling, and several adults were euthanized for suspected genetic diseases. Overall, the captive population had few significant health problems, but population fitness might be improved by continued removal of potentially deleterious genes from the breeding population and by modifying the husbandry of neonates and adults. 相似文献
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DJ Everest CM Shuttleworth SS Grierson JP Duff N Jackson P Litherland RE Kenward MF Stidworthy 《The Veterinary record》2012,171(7):176
PCR was used to amplify adenoviral DNA, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to detect adenovirus particles in tissue and intestinal content samples from red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) associated with a reintroduction study on Anglesey (North Wales), from other populations on the island and from stock held at the Welsh Mountain Zoo, 38 km to the east. Samples were collected during the routine surveillance postmortem examinations of all 60 red squirrels with carcases retrieved in a suitable condition between 2004 and 2010, including 29?captive and 31 free-living animals. Following significant clusters of mortality in captive red squirrels, adenovirus was identified retrospectively in faecal material from 12 of 13 (92 per cent) examined carcases from squirrels captive on Anglesey, and 14 of 16 (88 per cent) from the Welsh Mountain Zoo. Virus was identified in 13 of 31 (42 per cent) free-living wild animals, with evidence of both subclinical and clinically significant enteric adenoviral infections in wild squirrels. Without ancillary PCR and TEM testing, the extent of adenovirus infection in such populations would have been underestimated. Screening protocols that include examinations for adenovirus should, therefore, be part of the routine biosecurity measures protecting reintroduction or captive breeding programmes for red squirrels. 相似文献
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E. Randi 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(2):71-75
Captive-reproduced stocks of some species of ungulates (Artiodactyla), and particularly the red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and the wildboar (Sus scrofa) are more or less extensively translocated in Italy, mainly for local reintroductions or restocking of exploited wild populations. However, captive breeding often involves the reproduction of non-indigenous individuals or the production of artificial hybrids. Consequently, translocations of captive-reproduced ungulates are of concern for the conservation of indigenous populations and gene pools. The impact of translocations should be evaluated within the background of the growing knowledge on population genetic and phylogeographic structure of ungulates. Molecular genetic markers are being used to map geographic genetic diversity, and reconstruct the phylogeographic history of natural populations (i.e., in the roe deer). Molecular makers are also used to detect the consequences of domestication and identify hybrids between wild and domesticated populations (i.e., in the wildboar), or to detect inter-specific hybridisation (i.e., between the red deer and wapiti). Hybridisation of wild and domestic pigs, and diffusion of hybrids in nature is widespread in Italy. Admixture of indigenous and non-indigenous roe deer stocks is also widespread. Therefore, conservation and management of indigenous ungulates calls for careful evaluation of captive-reproduced stocks. 相似文献