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1.
Genetic diversity of rice landraces from lowland and upland accessions of China was investigated using 66 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.The total number of alleles detected from all 324 tested accessions was 555 with an average allele number (Na) of 8.409 per locus,the average effective number of alleles (Ne) of 3.574 and the average Shannon’s information index (I) of 1.378.The genetic diversity was higher for the indica landraces compared to the japonica landraces,and the upland landraces were more genetically diverse than the lowland landraces.The SSR markers,RM72,RM232,RM219,RM241,RM224 and RM3 showed the highest rates of polymorphism and these SSR markers were suitable to assess the genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources.A dendrogram of 324 accessions of lowland and upland landraces showed that all rice accessions were mainly subdivided into two groups,japonica and indica,with some being intermediate.The distribution of lowland and upland landraces among the japonica and indica rice groups was distinct,with obvious differentiation between the lowland and upland landraces in japonica rice,but no such clear distinction in indica rice.  相似文献   

2.
We used 39 SSR markers to analyze the genetic structure of 304 major Chinese inbred rice varieties, and to compare changes in the indica or japonica components in these varieties that have been widely cultivated from the 1950s to the 1990s in China. The genetic structure analysis showed that these rice varieties were distinctly divided into two populations, indica and japonica. The sub-structure of indica varieties was more complex than that of japonica ones. Among the various lines, late-season indica and early season japonica varieties had simpler genetic backgrounds. The seasonal ecotypes were not quite consistent with the subtypes of genetic structure. Twelve SSR loci with specific differentiation between indica and japonica were used to calculate the indica/japonica components. The differences in indica/japonica components among the five decades were not significant, except for late-season indica varieties in the 1990s, which had a significantly higher japonica component. These results will help to understand the genetic structure of the major Chinese inbred rice varieties and will be useful for indica-japonica hybrid breeding in China.  相似文献   

3.
Genetic diversity of 299 inbred indica rice varieties, including 33 introduced varieties, applied in Guangdong Province of China were assessed using 20 ILP(intron length polymorphism) and 34 SSR(simple sequence repeat) markers. Totally, 154 loci were screened for the 299 varieties, with the average number of alleles(Na), rare alleles(Nr), and polymorphism information content(PIC) scored at 3.4, 0.7and 0.32, respectively. The Nei’s genetic distance(GD) was estimated ranging from 0 to 0.7529 with an average of 0.4797. There was no significant difference of Na, Nr, PIC or GDs between the introduced and local varieties. Neighbor-joining(NJ) analysis showed that the 299 varieties failed into three main distinct groups, and the 33 introduced varieties were distributed over all the groups or subgroups. Model-based cluster analysis demonstrated that only 73(24.4%) of the 299 varieties and 7(21.2%) of the 33 introduced varieties could be distinctly classified into the three groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed that within the groups divided by NJ analysis, the genetic variations revealed by ILP, SSR and these two combined were 7.7%, 5.6% and 6.6%, and within the groups divided by region(Guangdong local and the introduced varieties), the genetic variables were 2.1%, 4.6%, 5.4%, respectively. These results suggested that the genetic diversity of the 299 inbred rice varieties in Guangdong Province was low, simultaneously relationship among varieties was poor and close in all kind of groups. Hence, it is very necessary to extend the genetic diversity during the breeding and selection practical procedure.  相似文献   

4.
There exists a single nucleotide polymorphism, G or T, at the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 in rice. In order to study the relationship between the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 and amylose content in rice, the one-step PCR method was used to determine whether it is G or T in 220 Yunnan indigenous rice varieties from 14 districts, 55 towns/counties of Yunnan Province, and 101 varieties of which were validated by the PCR-Acc I method. According to the G/T polymorphism, 164 rice varieties showed GG-genotype, while the other 56 fell into TT-genotype, accounting for 74.5% and 25.5% of all the test varieties, respectively. When all the rice varieties were divided into indica and japonica subspecies, it was found that 80.5% of indica rice and 67.0% of japonica rice belonged to GG-genotype. The rice varieties with GG-genotype had significantly higher amylose content (18.95% on average) than those with TT-genotype (all below 16%), but 33 rice varieties with GG-genotype still had low amylose content ranging from 3.91% to 15.93%, and most of them came from the Dai minority area in the Southwest of Yunnan Province. However, there was no significant difference in the mean amylose content of the same GG or TT genotypes between indica and japonica rice, suggesting that different genetic backgrounds, indica or japonica, had no effect on amylose content. The coefficient of correlation between the genotype and amylose content was 0.733 (P<0.01).  相似文献   

5.
Hydroponic cultures were conducted to compare the aluminum(Al) tolerance among different rice(Oryza sativa L.) varieties, including indica, japonica and their hybrids. The results showed that the root growth of rice plant was inhibited in different degrees among Al treated varieties. The Al tolerance observed through relative root elongation indicated that five japonica varieties including Longjing 9, Dharial, LGC 1, Ribenyou and Koshihikari were relatively more tolerant than indica varieties. Most indica varieties in this study, such as Aus 373 and 9311(awnless), were sensitive to Al toxicity. The Al tolerance of most progenies from japonica × indica or indica × japonica crosses was constantly consistent with indica parents. The differences of Al tolerance among Longjing 9(japonica), Yangdao 6(indica) and Wuyunjing 7(japonica) were studied. Biomass and the malondial-dehyde content of Yangdao 6 under Al exposure decreased and increased, respectively, while there was no significant effect on those of Longjing 9 and Wuyunjing 7. Remarkable reduction of root activities was observed in all these three rice varieties. Significantly higher Al content in roots was found in Yangdao 6 compared to Longjing 9 or Wuyunjing 7.  相似文献   

6.
To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield,elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration (GD) and productive panicle number per plant (PN) were detected.A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD,PN and plant height (PH) in two environments.The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0,and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL.A total of 34 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments.Among them,15 were associated with GD,and 19 were associated with PN.Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp,RM7102-176bp,RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD,and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing,Nipponbare,Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401,respectively.These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03 9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials.RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele,and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong.It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials.Moreover,these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.  相似文献   

7.
The eastern Himalayan region of Northeast （NE） India is home to a large number of indigenous rice varieties, which are traditionally classified as Oryza sativa subspecies indica, japonica or intermediate types. The classification based on traditional Cheng’s index is often inconclusive due to phenotypic plasticity of morphological characters, which are influenced by environmental conditions. We used molecular markers specific for indica and japonica subspecies to assess the degree of genetic relatedness of indigenous rice varieties in NE India. The results revealed that majority of upland （jum） and glutinous rice varieties, traditionally considered as japonica, were genetically close to the subspecies indica. All varieties of boro ecotype were found to be indica type, and only a few varieties cultivated in lowland and upland areas were japonica type. Some of the lowland varieties of the sali ecotype were intermediate between indica and japonica, and they showed a closer genetic affinity to O. rufipogon.  相似文献   

8.
Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） in japonica rice, a functional marker InDeI-Rf-la based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-la locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-larf-la showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-la locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F2 segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-la locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDeI-Rf-la could be widely used for genetic id~ntifio.~tinn ~nd m~rkp.r-~.~.~i~fp.d .~.tAr.tinn （MA.~ in hr~=dinn i~nnnir~ r~fnr~=r lin==~  相似文献   

9.
To elucidate genetic background of photoinhibition of photosynthesis (PS), we studied the changes of D_1-protein content and SOD activities in japonica and indica varieties, and their reciprocal hybrids after photoinhihition-inducing treatment by using isotope tracer. Judging from rate of photoinhibition (RPI) of PS, we found that japonica varieties were more tolerant to photoinhibition than indica varieties. How ever, the value of RPI of F_1 hybrids, though lying between those of their parents, was closer to that of their maternals than to that of paternals. Similar results were obtained in terms of PS Ⅱ activities and D_1-protein contents (Fig.1). To study the effects of SOD on PS in japonica and indica varieties. and their reciprocal hybrids,  相似文献   

10.
Despite extensive studies on cultivated rice, the population structure and genetic diversity of the indica photoperiod-and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS) lines in China remains unclear. Using 48 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers, we genotyped a panel of 208 indica P/TGMS lines and confirmed three subgroups, named indica-I, indica-II and indica-III, in indica P/TGMS lines. Further diversity analysis indicated indica-II had the highest genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation between indica-II and indica-III was demonstrated as the largest among the three subgroups. Moreover, indica/japonica component identification was detected that five P/TGMS lines possess indica components less than 0.900. These results improve our knowledge on the genetic background for P/TGMS lines in China and will be beneficial for hybrid rice breeding programs.  相似文献   

11.
我国水稻主栽品种SSR多样性的比较分析   总被引：30，自引：7，他引：30  
采用40个SSR标记,比较分析了151份20世纪50年代(78份）和近10年（73份）我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传差异,发现有39个标记具有多态性,多态性位点共检测到213个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均5.5个;平均Nei基因多样性指数(He)为0.649,范围在0.309（RM174）～0.869（RM418）。籼粳亚种间SSR多样性差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 4.4,He = 0.458）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 4.0,He = 0.395）。比较了78份20世纪50年代与73份近10年水稻主栽品种的遗传多样性,籼、粳亚种表现出相近的变化趋势,即Nei多样性指数和等位基因数20世纪50年代主栽品种高于近10年的。虽然Nei基因多样性指数的变化并不显著（籼稻：z= 1.471,P=0.141;粳稻：z= 1.932,P=0.053）,但等位基因数目的变化达到显著水平（籼稻：z= 2.677,P=0.007;粳稻：z= 3.441,P=0.001）。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异绝大部分存在于两时期内,尽管时期间平均贡献的遗传变异仅占1.9％,但仍然达到5％的显著水平;籼、粳亚种两时期间平均贡献的遗传变异高于整个分析样本,分别为5.0％和8.2％;籼、粳亚种不同位点的遗传分化程度也各不相同,籼稻和粳稻品种分别有13个（占33.3％）和11个（占28.2％）SSR位点的等位基因在两时期间差异显著,而其余位点的遗传变异则是因时期内品种间的差异引起的。研究表明近10年我国常规稻主栽品种丢失了一部分等位基因,水稻育种仍应加强更广泛的种质亲本的选择。  相似文献   

12.
我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
 采用40个SSR标记,分析了329份我国近50年来常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异。结果显示,39个SSR标记具有多态性,在多态性位点共检测到223个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均57个;平均Nei基因多样性指数（He）为0632。籼粳亚种间的SSR变异差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 54,He = 0440）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 44,He = 0397）。Nei遗传相似系数表明总体样本具有较小的遗传相似度（I = 0366）,而骨干亲本具有较高的遗传相似度（籼:I = 0590;粳:I = 0590）。这导致了籼粳亚种内较高的遗传一致性（籼:I = 0558;粳:I = 0600）。早、中、晚稻各类型遗传相似度差异明显,晚籼和早粳类型具有较高的遗传变异。籼粳稻品种尤其是粳稻的聚类结果显示出较强的季节型和地域特征。这些均提示育种家应选择更广泛的亲本源以拓宽选育品种的遗传基础。  相似文献   

13.
利用SSR分子标记分析云南陆稻品种遗传多样性   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
 利用24对SSR引物对云南131个陆稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。共检测到195个等位基因。每个位点的等位基因数平均为8.125个,范围在5(RM55)～13(RM218、RM241)之间;平均表观杂合度为0.0014,平均期望杂合度为0.6545;平均Shannon Weaver指数(I)为1.381;Nei基因多样性指数(H)平均为0.6543,变幅为0.2073(RM235)～0.8689(RM218)。不同地区间陆稻种质资源遗传多样性比较分析表明,滇西南和滇南地区存在丰富的遗传变异,是云南陆稻品种遗传多样性的分布中心。藏缅语族和孟 高棉语族所种植的陆稻品种遗传多样性最丰富。AMOVA分析表明陆稻的遗传变异主要存在于地区内品种间(82%),只有3%遗传变异存在于地区间,品种内的遗传变异占15%。聚类分析显示Nei遗传相似系数为0.22时,云南陆稻品种分为籼粳两个类群,主坐标分析与UPGMA聚类结果基本吻合,并将类群Ⅳ的4个偏籼品种从粳稻类群中重新划归到籼稻类群中,校正了UPGMA聚类的误差,但是不能区分地理组。  相似文献   

14.
Coleoptile lengths of 7-day-old seedlings under anoxic stress and normal conditions were investigated in two permanently segregated populations and their parents in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Using anoxic response index, a ratio of coleoptile length under anoxic stress to coleoptile length under normal conditions, as an indicator of seedling anoxic tolerance (SAT), QTLs for SAT were detected. Two loci controlling SAT, designated as qSAT-2-R and qSAT-7-R, were detected in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (247 lines) derived from a cross between Xiushui 79 (japonica variety) and C Bao (japonica restorer line). qSAT-2-R, explaining 8.7% of the phenotype variation, was tightly linked with the SSR marker RM525. qSAT-7-R, explaining 9.8% of the phenotype variation, was tightly linked with the marker RM418. The positive alleles of the two loci came from C Bao. Six loci controlling SAT, designated as qSAT-2-B, qSAT-3-B, qSAT-5-B, qSAT-8-B, qSAT-9-B and qSAT-12-B, were detected in a backcross inbred line (BIL) population (98 lines) derived from a backcross of Nipponbare (japonica)/Kasalath (indica)//Nipponbare (japonica). The positive alleles of qSAT-2-B, qSAT-3-B and qSAT-9-B, which explained 16.2%, 11.4% and 9.5% of the phenotype variation, respectively, came from Nipponbare. Besides, the positive alleles of qSAT-5-B, qSAT-8-B and qSAT-12-B, which explained 7.3%, 5.8% and 14.0% of the phenotype variation, respectively, were from Kasalath.  相似文献   

15.
 采用SSR标记分析了304份我国20世纪50-90年代生产上广泛应用的常规稻主栽品种的遗传结构及不同时期籼粳组分的变化。结果显示,我国常规稻主栽品种可明显分为籼、粳两类,籼稻的亚遗传结构比粳稻更为复杂,但晚籼和早粳类型的遗传背景略为单一。早、中、晚各季节类型与遗传结构的分型结果符合度较低。利用12个籼粳分化特异的SSR位点分析各品种的籼粳组分,发现20世纪90年代晚籼类型的粳型组分明显增加,而其他类型不同时期间籼粳组分的差异较小。研究结果对了解我国常规稻品种的遗传结构以及籼粳交育种具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

16.
太湖流域粳稻地方品种的微卫星分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
 采用45对SSR引物对224份太湖流域粳稻地方品种进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到162个等位变异,每个位点等位基因数的变幅为2～7,平均为3.6。各位点Nei基因多样性指数变异较大,为0.009（RM169）～0.663（RM444）,平均为0.197。青稻、黄稻、红稻和白稻各传统生态型均具较低的遗传多样性。分子方差分析表明,SSR遗传变异绝大部分存在于传统生态型内。青稻与红稻间、青稻与白稻、红稻与白稻、红稻与黄稻间遗传分化显著。太湖流域粳稻地方品种SSR多样性较低,稀有类型等位基因较多。这对科学制定太湖粳稻地方资源的保护和利用策略具有指导意义。  相似文献   

17.
Panicle angle (PA) of 254 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two japonica varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao was investigated under four environments,and a genetic linkage map including 111 SSR markers was constructed.Genetic analysis was conducted by mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models,and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification by the QTLNetwork 2.0 and the composite interval mapping approach of WinQTLCart 2.5 software.Results showed that the PA trait was controlled by two major genes plus polygenes,mainly by major genes.Eight QTLs for PA were detected by the QTLNetwork 2.0 software,and each locus explained 0.01% to 39.89% of the phenotypic variation.Twelve QTLs for PA were detected by the WinQTLCart 2.5 software,with each locus explaining 2.83% to 30.60% of the phenotypic variation.Two major QTLs (qPA9.2 and qPA9.5) distributed between RM3700 and RM3600 and between RM5652 and RM410,respectively,and a moderate QTL (qPA9.7) distributed between RM257 and OSR28,were both detected by the two methods in all of the four environments.The negative effect alleles of the three QTLs were from Xiushui 79.In addition,eight pairs of epistatic QTLs with minor effects were also detected.QTL × environment interactions were not significant for additive QTLs and epistatic QTL pairs.  相似文献   

18.
 发掘控制粳稻生育期和单株有效穗数的有利等位变异和携带有利等位变异的载体材料,为培育适应性广和产量竞争优势强的杂交粳稻组合提供遗传信息和育种材料。以94个粳稻品种构成的自然群体为试验材料,调查2个环境下各品种的生育期、单株有效穗数和株高,采用QGAStation软件中线性模型的方法进行条件表型值的转换,并利用TASSEL软件中的GLM进行生育期和单株有效穗数的基于非条件和条件表型值的关联分析。2个环境下共检测到34个与生育期和单株有效穗数相关联的SSR标记位点,其中15个与生育期关联,19个与单株有效穗数关联。RM8095 120 bp、RM7102 176 bp、RM72 170 bp和RM72 178 bp是与生育期关联的4个有利等位变异,其载体品种分别是红芒沙粳、日本晴、红芒沙粳和南农粳62401。将这些载体品种中的有利等位变异导入改良材料中,可缩短生育期2.03~9.93 d。RM72 182 bp是与单株有效穗数关联的有利等位变异,其载体材料为小青种。将小青种中的RM72 182 bp条带导入改良材料中可以增加单株有效穗数3个左右。且利用上述载体材料中的有利等位变异改良目标性状时不会对另外2个性状产生影响。  相似文献   

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