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1.
小悍蟋若虫发育的光周期反应模式 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对小悍蟋若虫发育的光周期反应模式进行了探讨.结果表明:25℃条件下,小悍蟋若虫发育明显受光周期的影响,长日条件下的若虫发育明显快于短日条件下的若虫发育.当若虫先于LD 12∶12 h条件下发育后转移至LD 14∶10 h、LD 16∶8 h,能够显著促进若虫发育,反方向的转移则会抑制若虫发育.但LD 14∶10 h与LD 16∶8 h之间的光周期变化对小悍蟋若虫发育几乎不起影响.变化光周期对小悍蟋若虫发育的影响与光周期变化的时间、变化方向及低龄若虫感受的光周期类型有关. 相似文献
2.
研究了光周期对歧阜异针蟋若虫生长发育的影响.结果表明:25C条件下,歧阜异针蟋若虫发育明显受光周期的影响,长日条件下的若虫发育明显快于短日条件下的若虫发育.当若虫由短日条件转移至长日条件时,能够显著促进若虫的发育,并且转移越早促进效果越明显,而反方向的转移则对若虫发育无明显影响.这表明歧阜异针蟋若虫存在滞育现象,短日条件诱导滞育,长日条件解除滞育,并且低龄若虫对长日条件比较敏感. 相似文献
3.
对光周期和温度对美凤蝶峨眉种群滞育诱导的影响进行了研究,结果表明:光周期对美凤蝶滞育的诱导作用与温度有关,在20℃的恒温条件下,光照在12～13 h范围内,随着光照时间的缩短,滞育个体增加,在光照时间短于12.5 h后达到100%;在25℃时,光照时间在11～13.5 h范围内,随光照时间的缩短,滞育率增加,但没有出现全部个体滞育的情况,最高滞育率为94.5%;在30℃时,在实验光周期范围内没有出现滞育个体.温度对滞育的影响受光周期的影响,在相同光照条件下,在一定温度范围内,随着温度的上升,滞育率下降,当温度上升幅度达到30℃,无论长短光照条件下均不出现滞育个体.只有在短光照条件下,低温才有利于滞育,而长光照和高温则有利于个体的发育而抑制滞育产生.短光照对滞育的诱导作用具有累积效应.在20℃恒温条件下,美凤蝶的临界光周期为LD 13 h 11 min:10 h 49 min;而在25℃恒温条件下,美凤蝶的临界光周期为LD 12 h 49 min:11 h 11 min.随着温度的升高,临界光照长度缩短.美凤蝶对光周期的敏感期为5龄幼虫. 相似文献
4.
【目的】探究光周期和温度对美国白蛾滞育的影响,明确诱导美国白蛾滞育的主控因子和幼虫敏感龄期,为深入研究光周期诱导美国白蛾滞育的分子机制和开发新型防治技术奠定基础。【方法】设置4个温度(21、23、25和27℃)和7个光周期(L8∶D16、L10∶D14、L12∶D12、L13∶D11、L14∶D10、L15∶D9和L16∶D8),统计和比较28种不同处理条件下美国白蛾的滞育结果,阐明光周期和温度对美国白蛾滞育和临界光周期的影响; 23℃条件下,在美国白蛾幼虫不同发育阶段分别给予长光照(L16∶D8)和短光照(L10∶D14)交替饲养处理,统计和比较32种不同处理下美国白蛾的滞育结果,明确光周期诱导美国白蛾滞育的敏感龄期。【结果】在21、23、25和27℃条件下,光照时间小于13 h,可导致美国白蛾滞育发生,光照时间达到16 h,美国白蛾个体继续发育而无滞育发生,光照时间在13～16 h之间时,滞育同时受光周期和温度调控,且滞育率随光周期增长或温度升高均呈下降趋势。21、23、25和27℃条件下的临界光周期分别为14 h 58 min∶9 h 02 min(L∶D)、14 h 45 min∶9 h 15 min(L∶D)、14 h35 min∶9 h 25 min(L∶D)和14 h 24 min∶9 h 36 min(L∶D),临界光周期随温度升高逐渐缩短。短光照对美国白蛾滞育诱导具有累积效应,美国白蛾幼虫3龄、4龄和5龄对光周期诱导滞育最为敏感。【结论】美国白蛾属典型的长日照发育-短日照滞育型昆虫,光周期在美国白蛾滞育诱导中发挥主导作用,温度伴随光周期发挥作用,低温和短光照利于滞育发生;临界光周期受温度调控,随温度升高逐渐缩短;美国白蛾对光周期诱导滞育具有累积效应,感受光周期最敏感的阶段为幼虫3～5龄。 相似文献
5.
丝带凤蝶长沙种群的形态特征及生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过野外观察和实验室饲养相结合,研究了丝带凤蝶长沙种群的成虫、卵、幼虫以及蛹的形态特征、生活习性及生活史.结果表明;丝带凤蝶长沙种群一年发生6代,自10月中旬至翌年3月以滞育蛹于枯枝落叶中越冬,4月上、中旬越冬代成虫开始羽化,随后产卵.在25℃的条件下,卵、幼虫及蛹的发育历期分别为5.3 d、15.8～16.8 d和9.6～10.4 d;30℃的温度条件下,卵、幼虫及蛹的发育历期分别为4.0 d、12.9～14.6 d和6.5～7.1 d.在短日照条件下部分蛹进入滞育.此外,根据雌雄成虫的翅面特征认为丝带凤蝶长沙种群应属于南方型. 相似文献
6.
《中国森林病虫》2018,(6)
野外采集杜鹃三节叶蜂Arge similis 3龄及以上老熟幼虫或茧在室温(25±1)℃、光周期L∶D=14∶10(光期6∶00—20∶00,暗期20∶00—6∶00)、空气相对湿度RH=75%±10%的实验室饲养,观察成虫羽化、求偶、交尾等生殖节律。结果表明:杜鹃三节叶蜂结茧后10 d即可羽化,主要集中在蛹期12~16 d的光期,13 d为羽化高峰,光期3~7 h(9∶00—13∶00)为羽化高峰期;求偶行为主要发生在光期7. 5~9 h(13∶30—15∶00),高峰期出现在光期8. 5 h(14∶30),雌虫求偶率和求偶次数随着日龄增大而降低;成虫交尾主要集中在前3日龄,交尾持续时间随日龄增加而下降,交尾后雌虫的平均产卵量为25粒。 相似文献
7.
枣园绿盲蝽生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效控制绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür的危害,在沧州金丝小枣产区对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:绿盲蝽羽化后1～2 d即可交尾产卵,平均每雌产卵286粒;若虫孵出1～2 min即可爬行,3龄若虫在空气相对湿度60%的条件下可耐饥饿35～47 h;成虫于果实膨大期开始转移到其它寄主如豆类、蔬菜、杂草和棉花等植物上继续危害,7月初进入转移高峰期,9月上旬开始出现裂果时又迁回枣树,危害裂果和嫩叶,并产卵越冬;绿盲蝽成虫受扰时1次飞行距离为3～9 m,主动迁飞时为2～5 m;绿盲蝽成虫对黄绿色趋性最强,其次为黄色、红色。 相似文献
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9.
黄野螟Heortia vitessoides Moore是近年来大面积爆发的严重危害土沉香Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg的食叶害虫,为寻找其羽化和生殖行为发生规律,为生态防控提供技术参考,在温度(25±1)℃,光周期L:D=14:10,相对湿度RH=75%~80%的条件下,观察了黄野螟成虫的羽化和生殖行为。结果表明:黄野螟的羽化率为83.20%,羽化期为10 d左右,日羽化高峰在20∶00~22∶00,雌雄性比为1.12∶1,且雄蛾先于雌蛾羽化。成虫在羽化后2 d达到性成熟,2日龄雌蛾开始求偶,3~4日龄雌蛾求偶最为强烈,雌蛾的求偶行为多发生在20∶00~21∶00,成虫光期未见交尾行为,成虫日龄影响交尾行为,4日龄成虫交尾率最高。卵多产于叶片背面,孵化率超过90%。交尾雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为6.32 d和5.75 d,未交尾雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为8.83 d和8.24 d,说明交尾缩短雌雄成虫寿命。 相似文献
10.
对小果垂枝柏大痣小蜂的主要生物学特性进行观察研究,结果表明:小果垂枝柏大痣小蜂在云南省曲靖地区1 a发生1代,以幼虫越冬,翌年4月中旬开始化蛹;6月中旬开始羽化,6月下旬为羽化盛期;成虫产卵于当年生幼嫩小球果种子内,卵于6月中旬开始孵化;幼虫在种子内取食约10个月并随种子同步发育,一生仅取食1粒种子,无转移危害习性。成虫在上午6∶00—9∶00和下午12∶00—15∶00羽化最多,雌雄性比为0.9∶1,雌虫平均寿命为7.1 d,雄虫平均寿命为5.2 d。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献