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1.
g08-1S等起点温度低的温敏核不育系的耐寒基因供体来自江苏紫稻,温敏核不育基因供体来自衡农S-2-6,通过杂交,经多代定向选择,育成了具有耐寒性强,育性转换温度低(22~23℃),开花习性好,制种产量高且地域广,湖南繁殖区主要在海拔700m以上山区,不育系包茎少,经济性状好,配合力强的早熟温敏核不育系。其中g08-1S通过湖南生物研究所人工气候箱模拟1989年最坏天气的盛夏低温处理结实率仍为零。  相似文献   

2.
BT型粳稻不育系双九A的选育及其利用   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
双九A由安徽省农科院水稻所用80—4A作母本,以优质粳稻品系双九作保持系,经多代回交转育而成的BT型优质粳稻不育系,2002年在海南陵水基地通过安徽省农科院组织的专家鉴定。群体不育株率100%,套袋自交不结实,花酚败育度为99.54%。异交性状佳,花时早,异交结实率50%以上。配合力强,已选配出双优4183、双优3402等优质高产晚粳新组合,应用前景广阔。  相似文献   

3.
籼型两用核不育系主要农艺性状的配合力分析   总被引:26,自引:3,他引:26  
 选用5种不同来源的6个籼型两用核不育系与6个早、中籼及广亲和品种以不完全双列杂交方式组配成36个组台,此较分析了6个不育系的株高、穗长、每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株穗数、单株产量及生育期9个主要农艺性状的一般配台 和特殊配合力效应以及F1优势表现。 结果表明,不育系之间的一般配台力差异很大,且与所配对应组合的F1竞争优势呈极显著相关,不 育系的一般配合力高,其 所配组合的优势也强。 一般配合力较差的不育系所配组合即使有较高的特殊配合力效应,也难有实际应用价值。3130S和衡农S-1具有较高的一般配合力效应值。作者认为不育系的配合力与其亲缘有关,采用粳籼交或栽野交可能是选育高配合力两用核不育系的有效途径。  相似文献   

4.
两系杂交糯稻选育初报   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
该文报道了利用广亲和基因、糯性基因及色素源基因连锁关系,以紫色稃尖为标记性状,通过杂交、回交等途径,选育出广亲和籼型糯稻不育系和广亲和粳型糯稻恢复系。测交配组表明:结实率在80%以上,丰产性状好。  相似文献   

5.
以粤光S为不育基因供体,与具有广东野生稻亲缘的优质常规稻种质增城丝苗-8选杂交,经多年系谱选择和测交筛选,育成水稻光温敏不育系广3S.该不育系具有不育起点温度较低、开花习性好、异交结实率高、抗寒性强、配合力强、米质较优、综合农艺性状优良等特性,2010年7月通过广东省技术鉴定.以广3S组配的广两优931、广两优802等两系杂交稻新组合在广东省区试中呈现丰、抗、优协调特性,具有广阔的应用前景.  相似文献   

6.
通过6个不育系与绵恢501和明恢63所配12个组合的10个性状的方差分析和恢复系、不育系的一般配合力、特殊配合力的估算及配合力总效应值的比较,绵恢501在株高、结实率、单株穗数和单株粒重4个性状上与明恢63具有相似的配合力,其它几个性状存在着较大的差异。  相似文献   

7.
优质早籼不育系早红突A的选育   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
早红突A是浙江省台州市农科所新育成的一个优质早籼不育系,具有熟期早、配合力好、米质优、异文结实率高等特点,在高产、优质杂文早稻的选育中具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
以广占63S为光温敏核不育基因供体,与优质抗病保持系天丰B杂交,F3代选优良核不育单株与天丰B回交,经多年系谱选择和测交筛选,育成水稻光温敏核不育系广越S。该不育系具有不育起点温度较低、柱头外露率高、开花习性较好、异交结实率较高、耐寒性强、稻米品质优、中早熟、配合力强、适应性广和综合农艺性状优良等特性,2014年6月通过广东省技术鉴定。  相似文献   

9.
为改良温敏核不育系的米质和配合力,用新二S与广茉S杂交,经5 a 9代系谱选择育成了优质籼型温敏核不育系广茉HS。该不育系具有米质好、配合力高、异交习性良好等优点,2014年通过安徽省技术鉴定。利用广茉HS配组选育的优质杂交水稻组合茉两优1501和茉两优1032分别于2017年和2020年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定。  相似文献   

10.
水稻红莲型不育系粤泰A在杂交稻育种中的利用特性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
试验初步阐明了水稻红莲型不育系粤泰A在杂交稻育种中具有以下特点:(1)稳定的雄性不育性,在南京1994年和1995年的8月15~30日镜检其花粉可育率均低于1.5%,套袋自交结实率低于0.08%;(2)良好的制种性状,该不育系的柱头外露率达97%,异交结实率61.5%±9.8%,每平方米颖花数达42179个,均极显著地高于珍汕97A;(3)该不育系与中粳广亲和系配组杂种出穗期表现受积温影响较大,而受日长变化影响较小,呈现明显的感温特性。因此,可以预见该类组合在生产上具有较广泛的生态适应性。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.  相似文献   

13.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact).  相似文献   

18.
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.  相似文献   

19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).  相似文献   

20.
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.  相似文献   

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