共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 735 毫秒
1.
局部施用斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲的控制效应 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲具有较好的控制效果，但由于其田间使用量较大，成本高，生产上无法推广应用，利用斯氏线虫在潮湿土壤生境中具有的主动搜索能力，提出条带式施用方法，不仅显著了降低虫用量，而且对黄曲条跳甲具有较好的控制效果。采用条带施用（条带宽约10cm，带间距22.5cm)，可将线虫用量降低到17.5亿条/hm^2，对黄曲条跳甲幼虫的感染率在71.28%左右，防效为72.2%，且与全施无显著差异。并使黄曲条跳甲幼虫的感染率在71.28%左右，防效为72.2%，且与全施无显著差异。并使黄曲条跳甲种群趋势指数I值降为2.416，干扰控制指数为0.252。 相似文献
2.
斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲种群系统控制研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
将斯氏线虫作为一个生物控制因子引入黄曲条跳甲种群系统中,把斯氏线虫对该跳甲各虫期的感染率作为量化指标,应用种群发展趋势指数(I)和干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)分析方法,评价斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲自然种群的控制作用。结果表明,十字花科蔬菜田中每hm~2施用7×10~9条斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲种群有明显控制作用,对照区的种群趋势指数为12.9,处理区的种群趋势指数下降为2.39。斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲种群干扰作用控制指数为0.2,即线虫处理区的下代跳甲种群密度将是对照区的0.2倍。 相似文献
3.
4.
黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata是为害十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫,长期使用大量的化学农药,不仅增强了黄曲条跳甲的耐药性,也会导致蔬菜农药残留增加,危害人们的饮食健康。因此,利用绿色防控手段防治害虫成为近些年的研究热点。本文在室内测定了以植物源甘油酯为主要成分的植物油乳剂、绿僵菌以及二者混配液对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力并对油菌混配液的田间防控效果进行了评价。室内毒力测定结果表明,施用植物油乳剂50～800倍液时,黄曲条跳甲成虫第2 d的死亡率为37.93%～100%;施用绿僵菌1.25×107～2×108孢子/mL时,黄曲条跳甲成虫第5 d的死亡率为32.2%～93.22%;施用植物油乳剂和绿僵菌混配液时,黄曲条跳甲成虫第1 d的死亡率在95%以上,显著高于2种单剂,且混配液能够极显著缩短黄曲条跳甲致死中时。田间试验结果表明,以植物油乳剂100倍液和绿僵菌1×108孢子/mL混配处理第6 d时,黄曲条跳甲成虫的相对防效和虫口减退率均达60%以上,第8 d时,黄曲条跳甲成虫的相对防效和虫口减退率分别为89.80%和74.62%,显著高于同时间同浓度2种单剂。本研究结果表明植物源甘油酯乳剂和绿僵菌在防治黄曲条跳甲方面具有显著的协同增效作用,二者混合使用可以弥补各自的防治缺点并有效地防治黄曲条跳甲。为探究和利用生物源农药之间的协同增效作用防控害虫提供了实用案例。 相似文献
5.
应用斯氏线虫防治桑皱鞘叶甲 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
应用斯氏属小卷蛾线虫Steinernema carpocapsae(A24品系）对桑皱鞘叶甲Abirus fortunei(Baly）进行了室内和田间感染试验。在25～30℃的室内条件下，1500～2000条线虫/ml的处理使桑皱鞘叶甲幼虫感染率达86%～100%。在9～10月份，先清除田间杂草，然后在桑园开沟，按45～75万条线虫/m^2的剂量施用小卷蛾线虫，对幼虫的防治效果可达88.3%～96.2%，并使次年成虫的出土数量减少46.2%～86.7%。此种防治方法，避免了在春蚕期间摘叶饲蚕与桑皱鞘叶甲化学防治的矛盾，显示出应用昆虫病原线虫防治桑皱鞘叶甲的良好前景。 相似文献
6.
黄曲条跳甲幼虫致病菌的鉴定及其对黄曲条跳甲的杀虫活性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从自然死亡黄曲条跳甲幼虫体中分离出1株对黄曲条跳甲幼虫和成虫有较高致病性菌株PS-1。通过病原菌的形态观察、Biolog系统鉴定以及16S rDNA序列测定分析,确定菌株PS-1隶属于肠杆菌科、沙雷氏菌属的粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens族群。用菌株PS-1浓度为3×104、3×106和3×108 cfu/mL的菌悬液浸泡鲜萝卜块饲喂黄曲条跳甲幼虫24 h,4 d后的校正死亡率分别为36.1%、63.9%和75.0%;2、3和4 d的LC50分别是7.98×106、4.27×106和8.02×105 cfu/mL。用浓度1×108 cfu/mL的菌悬液处理菜心叶片饲喂黄曲条跳甲成虫,12 d的校正死亡率为23.25%。用浓度1×105、1×107和1×109 cfu/mL的菌悬液浸渍黄曲条跳甲卵,其孵化率与对照无显著差异。结果表明,粘质沙雷氏菌PS-1菌株对黄曲条跳甲成虫和幼虫有较强的毒力,在黄曲条跳甲的生物防治方面具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
8.
为明确不同土壤质地对禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae发生危害的影响,分别测试了6种土壤质地中禾谷孢囊线虫的侵染、发育及其种群动态。结果显示：在整个小麦生长季,不同土质中禾谷孢囊线虫2龄幼虫（J2）的种群变化趋势一致。冬前土壤中少量线虫孵化,11月下旬各种土质中J2种群密度达到10.8~14.2条/100 mL土壤;4月初为J2发生高峰期,其种群密度为54.6~77.1条/100 mL土壤,且土壤中含壤土比例越高J2数量越大;J2在壤土与砂土比为6：1和1：0土壤中侵入根系的数量最多,单株根系J2数量为672.7~685.0条,且土壤中砂土比例越大J2侵入数量越少,相应地根系内3龄幼虫和形成的孢囊数量也越少;不同土质中不同时期孢囊内虫口减退率不同,但在生长季末不同土质中孢囊内虫口总减退率无显著差异。研究表明,土质对孢囊内虫口减退率无影响,土质沙性越大越不利于禾谷孢囊线虫的发生危害。 相似文献
9.
云斑天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat是核桃树的严重蛀干害虫,隐蔽性强,化学、物理防治方法难以奏效,昆虫病原线虫可以主动寻找寄主并在蛀道内建立种群,省工长效。本研究评价了不同剂量（250、500、1000、2000和4000 IJs/mL）的2种昆虫病原线虫（小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae和嗜菌异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriophora）对核桃云斑天牛卵和幼虫的防治效果。结果表明,2种线虫对天牛卵和幼虫的最终防控效果随施用剂量增大而增强。施用剂量为4000 IJs/mL的小卷蛾斯氏线虫和嗜菌异小杆线虫对该天牛卵的校正防治效率分别达65.0%和39.5%,对幼虫的最终校正防治效率分别达93.8%和82.4%;2种线虫在2000 IJs/mL剂量下对天牛卵的校正防治效率分别达48.8%和32.3%,对幼虫的校正防治效率分别达85.9%和83.4%。从而说明,适宜剂量的昆虫病原线虫对云斑天牛幼虫的田间防控效果好于对卵的效果,可以作为云斑天牛的有效防治技术。 相似文献
10.
11.
W. R. Simons 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1981,87(4):149-158
AHeterorhabditis species, found in dead larvae ofOtiorrhynchus sulcatus, was tested for its efficacy as a biological control agent of this insect in glasshouse experiments. In a preliminary test all weevil larvae were killed in pots with primula, 88% in strawberry and 50% in cyclamen. In a second test with strawberry plants good results were obtained when the nematodes were applied about the hatching time of the weevil eggs. At a dosage of 100 nematodes per cm2 of soil area, 90–97% of the larvae were killed and 90% of the plants remained undamaged. A dosage of 50 nematodes per cm2 produced roughly the same level of larval mortality, but left 30% of the plants damaged. Both early and late application of nematodes protected the plants insufficiently, because too many larvae survived. In a third test with strawberry, cyclamen and primula, soil treatment with 50 and 100 nematodes per cm2 gave comparable results at both application times, i.e. one and three weeks after hatching of the weevil eggs. In strawberry 100% of the larvae were killed and all plants remained in good condition. Also in cyclamen nearly all larvae were killed and the plants remained in good condition, although the root systems had, less fine roots in comparison with control plants without insects. In primula 4–12% of the weevil larvae survived, whereas up to 20% of the plants died, indicating that soil structure, soil moisture, and condition of the plants have an important impact on the control results. A dosage of 25 nematodes per cm2 appeared to be too low in all cases. The results of these experiments open new perspectives for control of the black vine weevil in glasshouses.Samenvatting Een inheemse, nematode van het geslachtHeterorhabditis werd door middel van potproeven in kassen getoetst op zijn werkzaamheid als biologisch bestrijdingsmiddel tegen larven van de gegroefde lapsnuitkever,Otiorrhynchus sulcatus. In een oriënterende proef werden in potten met primula's alle keverlarven gedood, bij aardbeiplanten werden 88% gedood en bij cyclamen 50%. In een tweede proef met alleen aardbeiplanten werden goede resultaten verkregen als de aaltjes werden toegediend in de periode dat de kevereieren uitkwamen. Bij een dosering van 100 aaltjes per cm2 grondoppervlak werd 90–97% van de keverlarven gedood en bleef 90% van de planten onbeschadigd. Bij een dosering van 50 aaltjes per cm2 was de doding van de keverlarven weliswaar vrijwel hetzelfde, maar de schade aan de planten was te groot; 30% van de planten ging dood. Ook bij een eerder of later bestrijdingstijdstip was de schade aan de planten aanzienlijk en was de doding van de keverlarven onvoldoende. In een derde proef werd in zowel aardbei als in cyclamen vrijwel 100% van de keverlarven gedood bij een dosering van zowel 50 als 100 aaltjes per cm2 en op beide bestrijdingstijdstippen, te weten toen de keverlarven circa 1 en 3 weken oud waren. Alle aardbeiplanten en cyclamen bleven in goede staat, hoewel bij cyclamen het aantal fijne wortels minder was dan bij de controle planten zonder keverlarven. De resultaten met primula's waren in deze proef iets minder goed. Het percentage overlevende keverlarven variëerde van 4 tot 12, terwijl tot 20% van de planten dood ging. Een dosering van 25 aaltjes per cm2 was in alle gevallen te laag. De resultaten van deze proeven bieden gunstige perspectieven voor toepassing van dit aaltje bij de bestrijding van de gegroefde lapsnuitkever in kassen. 相似文献
12.
棉隆与淡紫拟青霉联合防治番茄根结线虫病的效果评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确土壤熏蒸与生防微生物对番茄根结线虫病的联合作用效果,采用移栽前棉隆熏蒸处理后穴施淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyces lilacinus YES-2-14生防菌剂的方法在温室大棚开展了联合防治试验。结果表明,棉隆用量为35 g/m~2时,24周拉秧时线虫数量减少90%以上,防效达到85.5%;移栽时穴施浓度10~7~10~8CFU/g的淡紫拟青霉菌剂,24周拉秧时防效为44.4%~59.6%;而当线虫初始密度达到674头/100 g土时,单一菌剂防效只有12.5%,但番茄长势和产量显著提高。棉隆熏蒸后再联合施用淡紫拟青霉菌剂,2个月和5个月时防效比单一棉隆处理分别提高14.1%和21.8%,比单一菌剂处理提高14.3倍和4.1倍,产量较对照、棉隆熏蒸和单一菌剂处理分别提高22.1%、9.5%和2.4%,且该处理地块线虫数量始终最低,与对照差异显著,而淡紫拟青霉数量则高于单一淡紫拟青霉菌剂处理。表明棉隆和淡紫拟青霉菌剂联合使用不仅能显著降低线虫数量,有效防治番茄根结线虫病,还能够促进植株生长并提高产量。 相似文献
13.
Mehmet Karagoz Baris Gulcu Canan Hazir Harry K. Kaya Selcuk Hazir 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(2):153-159
The entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema weiseri, S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae and two strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, isolated from Turkish soils, were evaluated against larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata in plastic cups under laboratory conditions with sandy loam soil and 10% moisture level. At a rate of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm2, the last instar larvae of C. capitata were susceptible to the entomopathogenic nematodes: the S. feltiae 09-31 strain recovered from Aydin provided 78% mortality, whereas S. weiseri and S. carpocapsae killed 50% and 56% of the larvae, respectively. Both strains of H. bacteriophora species caused less than 50% mortality. Except for S. feltiae, the majority of infected medflies died as prepupae or pupae within the puparia. More than 90% larval mortality was recorded
at 200 and 400 IJs/cm2 for S. feltiae. None of the nematode isolates infected the medfly pupae within the puparia. In pot experiments containing soil, S. feltiae caused 96% and 97% mortality at 100 and 200 IJs/cm2, respectively. In pot experiments with grass present, more than 94% mortality was obtained in the presence of grass roots. 相似文献
14.
棉隆对辣椒疫霉病的防效及对土壤微生物群落的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确不同剂量棉隆对辣椒疫霉的防效及对土壤微生物群落的影响,在温室大棚条件下采用密封熏蒸法测定了不同剂量(300、450、600和750 kg/hm2)棉隆土壤熏蒸对土壤疫霉病菌的抑制率及田间防效,并采用Biolog法研究了其对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,不同剂量棉隆在熏蒸后揭膜当天(0)、80、140 d对辣椒疫霉病菌的抑制率分别为86.84%~100%、75.26%~96.37%和73.24%~95.46%;且80、140 d时对辣椒疫霉病的防效分别为77.19%~96.49%和70.00%~93.33%;在棉隆熏蒸揭膜当天各剂量处理下微生物对碳源的利用(用平均每孔颜色变化率表示)以及微生物多样性指数中的丰富度指数、均匀度指数及Mc Intosh指数均显著低于对照,而Simpson指数显著高于对照,随着试验时间的延长,各剂量对其影响逐渐减小,但高剂量尤其是750kg/hm2处理在140 d时仍与对照差异显著。表明棉隆剂量越高对辣椒疫霉病的防效越显著,对微生物活性影响越大,高剂量处理能明显抑制土壤微生物的活性,降低土壤微生物的多样性。 相似文献
15.
Two native entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from soil samples in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and characterized based on 28S rDNA region. BLASTN homology and phylogenetic analysis of SK17 and SK-71 isolates indicated 98% and 99% identity to Steinernema affine and Steinernema feltiae, respectively. The results were constructed by neighbour-joining and bootstrap tree methods. Efficacy of S. affine (SK-17 strain) and S. feltiae (SK-71 strain) was tested against the larvae of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, and remarkable mortality rates were obtained. Both strains caused complete mortality upon application of 500 IJs in foliar tests. However, the same strains caused 30% and 33% mortality at 80 IJs/cm2 in soil applications. It was concluded that these native strains could be considered as potential biocontrol agents for reducing the damage caused by T. wilkinsoni larvae. 相似文献
16.
为探索昆虫病原线虫与色板配合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的综合防治技术,采用培养皿滤纸法比较7品系昆虫病原线虫对韭蛆3龄幼虫的致病力,盆栽法研究斯氏线虫属3品系线虫的保苗和防治效果;并通过温室和田间试验比较10种颜色粘板和3个粘板高度对迟眼蕈蚊成虫的诱集效果,研究线虫与黑色粘板配合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治效果。结果表明:SF-SN品系线虫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫致病力最高,LD50为60.0条/头,施用线虫剂量为200、400条/头时,其保苗和防治效果高低依次为SF-SN、All、NC116,其中施用SF-SN品系5 d,保苗效果达62.74%,防治效果达60.26%;黑色粘板诱集效果极显著高于其它色板,且下部(色板下缘离地面1 cm处)诱集成虫量最多,与中部(15 cm)、上部(30 cm)之间差异极显著。研究表明,SF-SN品系线虫主要用于防治幼虫,黑色粘板主要诱杀成虫,二者配合使用防治效果可达97.60%,能够极大地降低虫口基数。 相似文献
17.
喷雾法施用线虫大面积防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
荔枝拟木蠹蛾(Arbela dea Swinhoe)是南方荔枝、木麻黄等主要的钻蛀害虫,作者利用拟木蠹蛾昼伏夜出的习性,用大蜡螟幼虫诱测和回收喷雾荔枝拟木蠹蛾粪道上的线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae Agriotos),不同温度、不同粪道大小对线虫存活影响的测试结果表明,应用1×10~3/ml线虫剂量喷雾拟木蠢蛾挂在树上的粪道,粪道上便有足够数量的线虫和时间使寄主感染。1995年喷雾法施用线虫防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾260hm~2,防治效果在85％～100％,平均为94.28％,有效地压低了田间的虫口密度。解决了树冠嫩枝受害后人工难以注射及倒置斜垂坑道的虫口防治效果差的矛盾,也使利用病原线虫防治害虫这一有效的生物防治手段更容易为果农所接受。 相似文献
18.
H. den Ouden 《EPPO Bulletin》1974,4(4):519-521
In Dutch field experiments with Heterodera rostochiensis Woll. systemic nematicides at low and high nematode densities resulted in unfavourable cost/ benefit relations, as compared to other control procedures; on average, a 50 % reduction of the maximum multiplication of the nematode was observed. In England, better results were obtained at high nematode densities when higher dosages of nematicides were worked into the soil at a depth of 15 cm. In order to obtain a better effect of the mostly used contact nematicide DD-mixture at a moderate dosage, a special treatment of the soil surface with the non-fumigant dazomet was combined with the fumigation. On clay soil more than 99 % kill of stem nematodes was obtained with 30 g dazomet + 50 ml DD-mixture per m When 10 g dazomet was added a 80% kill of Rolylenchus uniformis (Thorne) could be obtained on sandy soil; this was equivalent to 2 applications of the DD-mixture alone. The combined treatment offers the great advantage of increasing the chances by 3 times to make the appropriate choice of the year for the treatment. Eggs of R. uniformis and H. rostochiensis are less susceptible to DD-mixture than free living larvae and adults. 相似文献
19.
氟氯吡啶酯与双氟磺草胺复配的田间除草效果及其对作物安全性评价 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
氟氯吡啶酯属于人工合成激素类除草剂全新类别,是芳香基吡啶甲酸类家族的第1位成员,为明确其作用特点、除草活性、与双氟磺草胺复配后的除草效果以及对小麦和后茬作物的安全性,连续2年分别于小麦越冬前和返青初期施药,在冬小麦田进行了田间试验。结果表明,7.5 g/L氟氯吡啶酯EC在7.5 g/hm2用量下,对猪殃殃、播娘蒿防效较好,2次施药末次调查对猪殃殃防效为96.5%和100%,对播娘蒿防效为94.1%和81.1%;对麦瓶草防效较差,末次调查为57.1%和27.9%,对麦家公无效。复配制剂20%氟氯吡啶酯·双氟磺草胺WG在15、20、30 g/hm2用量下,对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、麦瓶草防效均较好,株防效为90.5%~100%,对麦家公防效略差,越冬前施药株防效为78.8%~98.6%,返青初期施药株防效为20.9%~82.5%;末次调查时杂草总鲜重防效为90.1%~98.2%,2次施药结果差异不显著。小麦田喷施该复配制剂15~45 g/hm2剂量,对小麦安全,未见任何药害症状;且对后茬作物玉米、大豆、花生、棉花、谷子均安全。 相似文献