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1.
于2020—2021年在中国科学院西北奈曼沙漠化研究站,以饲用燕麦和箭筈豌豆为研究对象,在燕麦灌浆期刈割后进行饲草复播,采用双因素随机区组设计,设置3种种植模式,即燕麦单作(SO)、箭筈豌豆单作(SV)和燕麦箭筈豌豆间作(IOV);4种施肥模式,即不施肥(N)、单施化肥(C)、单施生物有机肥(M)和有机肥与无机肥配施(G),通过测定饲草产量和营养品质,分析种间竞争相关指标,以明确间作与施肥对复种燕麦、箭筈豌豆饲草产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明：间作和施肥提高了燕麦和箭筈豌豆的地上部生物量,在G处理下,间作燕麦(IO)和间作箭筈豌豆(IV)的干草产量较相应单作处理分别提高了4.34%、1.79%和27.63%、34.12%。间作处理的土地当量比大于1,表明燕麦箭筈豌豆间作具有土地利用优势;通过种间竞争指标分析发现,箭筈豌豆产量的提高对于发挥间作优势具有重要的作用。IO-G处理的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较同水平下单作处理分别提高了24.81%、36.60%和20.21%、6.15%,IV-G处理的可溶性糖含量较IV-N处理提高18.55%和34.36%;IO-G处理下的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维...  相似文献   

2.
为筛选出适宜青海省柴达木旱区种植的紫花苜蓿品种,于2020—2022年对引进的8个紫花苜蓿品种进行生产性能评比试验,并采用隶属函数法综合评价适合柴达木旱区种植的优质紫花苜蓿品种。两年试验结果表明：(1)在2021年,东苜2号的干草产量最高,为11 373.44 kg·hm-2;在2022年,龙牧803的干草产量最高,为13 485.54 kg·hm-2;(2)5909在两年的粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值均最高,分别为14.71%和126.01、14.07%和128.01,而酸性洗涤纤维含量均最低,分别为38.67%和36.90%;东苜2号两年的中性洗涤纤维含量均最低,分别为53.68%和51.35%;(3)基于隶属函数法对各紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的综合评价,东苜2号、龙牧803和5909综合性状表现较好,在柴达木干旱区适应性强、饲草产量及品质最优,建议在本地优先推广种植。  相似文献   

3.
为了解准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源,调查研究了该区域野生饲用植物的科属组成及其生活型和生态型特点,并对其适口性和营养价值进行了分析。结果表明：该区共有野生饲用植物34科145属214种,优势科有禾本科(38属71种)、藜科(18属22种)、菊科(15属21种)、豆科(14属19种)、苋科(8属11种)、十字花科(8属10种);生活型植物以草本植物(1～2年生124种,多年生62种)为主,占86.92%,木本植物有28种,占13.08%;生态型植物以中生为主(183种)。依据适口性可将该区野生饲用植物划分为优、良、中、低4个等级,其中优等95种、良等77种、中等36种、低等6种。营养成分丰富且适口性较好的饲用植物主要集中在禾本科(21种)、豆科(17种)和藜科(13种)。  相似文献   

4.
The objective of this study was to determine the regrowth characteristics, crude protein (CP) content, and feeding value of Eleusine indica grass during the dry season in Nepal. The grass was cultivated using three different levels of N fertilization (0, 50, and 100 kg ha−1) and cutting heights (2, 4, and 6 cm above the ground) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. The forage yield, number of tillers per plant, and CP content of the grass were determined. A digestibility trial was conducted with six local, female Khari goats (15 ± 1.7 kg body weight) in a cross-over design to compare the feeding value of E. indica with local forages. A comparatively higher forage yield, number of tillers per plant, and CP content were obtained with 100 kg N ha−1. However, the forage yield and CP content were not significantly affected by the cutting height. With different levels of N fertilization and cutting heights, the cumulative forage yield in five harvests during the dry season (December to May) ranged from 1.83–3.82 t dry matter ha−1. The digestibility coefficients of the dry matter, CP, crude fiber, and ether extract content of E. indica for goats were 0.54, 0.67, 0.70, and 0.54, respectively. The nutrient digestibility and palatability of E. indica were comparable to that of the mixed local forages. Hence, E. indica in conjunction with a sound N fertilization practise potentially can be utilized as an approach to overcome the problem of green forage scarcity, especially during the dry winter season in regions that have a tropical climate.  相似文献   

5.
就追氮和收获期对3个青莜麦品种的产量和秸秆蛋白质含量的影响进行研究。结果表明,追氮可显著提高青莜麦产量和秸秆的蛋白质含量。沙地追氮69 kg/hm2时增产显著,青莜麦干重产量达6 023.4 kg/hm2,滩地青莜麦的产量最高,干重产量达9 013.4 kg/hm2;追氮69 kg/hm2,沙地青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白和真蛋白含量分别为12.09%和7.45%,比对照提高了6.81和3.61个百分点;追氮量在69 kg/hm2水平上,每增加69 kg/hm2,青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白质和真蛋白的增幅均显著下降。乳熟早期收获的青莜麦产量最高,品16的干重产量达10 916.7kg/hm2,9348的干重产量达10 700.0 kg/hm2;乳熟早期收获,粗蛋白向真蛋白的转化率最高。  相似文献   

6.
Buffer strips are refuges for a variety of plants providing resources, such as pollen, nectar and seeds, for higher trophic levels, including invertebrates, mammals and birds. Margins can also harbour plant species that are potentially injurious to the adjacent arable crop (undesirable species). Sowing perennial species in non‐cropped buffer strips can reduce weed incidence, but limits the abundance of annuals with the potential to support wider biodiversity (desirable species). We investigated the responses of unsown plant species present in buffer strips established with three different seed mixes managed annually with three contrasting management regimes (cutting, sward scarification and selective graminicide). Sward scarification had the strongest influence on the unsown desirable (e.g. Sonchus spp.) and unsown pernicious (e.g. Elytrigia repens) species, and was generally associated with higher cover values of these species. However, abundances of several desirable weed species, in particular Poa annua, were not promoted by scarification. The treatments of cutting and graminicide tended to have negative impacts on the unsown species, except for Cirsium vulgare, which increased with graminicide application. Differences in unsown species cover between seed mixes were minimal, although the grass‐only mix was more susceptible to establishment by C. vulgare and Galium aparine than the two grass and forb mixes. Annual scarification can enable desirable annuals and sown perennials to co‐exist, however, this practice can also promote pernicious species, and so is unlikely to be widely adopted as a management tool in its current form.  相似文献   

7.
Ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) play an important role in seed bank, seedling establishment andplant composition of arid ecosystems. Thus, knowing plant-ant interaction provides useful information formanagers to design restoration and conservation plans. In this study, the roles of desert harvester ants (Messorintermedius and Messor melancholicus) and scavenger ants (Cataglyphis nodus and Lepisiota semenovi) on plantcommunities were investigated in arid ecosystems of southeastern Iran. Two vegetation types weredistinguished in the study area and the nest density of ant species was determined. Furthermore, plantcomposition and soil seed bank were estimated at different distances from the ant nests. Results showed thatthe density of M. intermedius and M. melancholicus nests was higher in dwarf shrub-shrub vegetation type and thedensity of C. nodus and L. semenovi nests was higher in dwarf shrub vegetation type. The harvester and scavengerants had enhanced the seed bank to 55% and 70%, respectively. Therefore, the role of scavenger ants on theplant communities' seed bank was greater than that of harvester ants. Although the scavenger ants were moreinfluential on the annuals and the invasive plant species, the radius impact of the harvester ants on theperennials was greater, i.e., a positive interaction existed between the perennial plants and the harvester ants. C.nodus and L. semenovi played an important role in enhancing the ecosystem's potential for restoration throughestablishment of pioneer species in early stage of succession. The activity of M. intermedius is crucial for thedevelopment and maintenance of climax plant communities in arid ecosystems through assisting the plantspecies' establishment in late stage of succession. It is essential to preserve the diversity of these key ant speciesfor the maintenance and sustainability of shrubs in arid ecosystems.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of the present study was to clarify the characteristics of weed vegetation in no-tillage upland fields in Japan. Vegetation surveys were conducted in two stages and the obtained data were analyzed based on the multiplied dominance ratio. The first was a two-year survey of a no-tillage field and a tilled field where no-tillage or tillage farming had been carried out for more than 10 years. The no-tillage field surveyed exhibited a different seasonal succession from the tilled field. Summer annuals dominated the tilled field in summer, and winter annuals dominated in spring. Perennials occupied the no-tillage field in spring; summer annuals also dominated in summer. The second survey was of 19 and 22 fields, including some no-tillage fields, in the summer of 2000 and the spring of 2001. The vegetation in both summer and spring was classified into three vegetation types, principally dependent on the no-tillage periods: types I and II consisted mainly of tilled and under 3-year-old no-tillage fields, and type III comprised no-tillage fields three years old or over. Type II vegetation was characterized primarily by the presence of biennials and perennials of Asteraceae, and type III by perennials, such as sweet vernalgrass ( Anthoxanthum odoratum ), in addition to the same species as type II. Summer annuals such as southern crabgrass ( Digitaria ciliaris ) were abundant in many fields in summer regardless of the vegetation types.  相似文献   

9.
通过连续观测10年(1987-1996)环青海湖天然草场优势牧草以及气象要素,分析了气候变化对青海湖天然草场牧草营养的影响.研究结果表明:1)青海湖天然草场优势牧草单位面积干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、粗纤维(CF)的生产力呈下降趋势;2)优势牧草群组的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物...  相似文献   

10.
The objective of this grazing study was to determine the herbage mass, nutritive value and palatability of five grass weed species ( Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Paspalum thunbergii Kunth, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. crus-galli ) as feeds compared with six forage cultivars ( Lolium perenne L., two Lolium multiflorum cultivars and three Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. cultivars). The herbage mass of weed species, with the exception of S. glauca , was most prevalent in August. The total amounts of herbage mass of weed species (except E. indica ) were close to those of the Lolium cultivars, but lower than those of the E. crus-galli cultivars. During the summer, weed species (except E. crus-galli var. crus-galli ) contained favorable levels of total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and mineral contents, and exhibited adequate calcium (Ca):phosphorus (P) ratios of 1:2. All weed species had the recommended ratios of potassium (K):(Ca + [magnesium] Mg) < 2.2:1. By autumn, the summertime levels of nutritive values (TDN, CP, ADF and NDF) in the weed species had severely deteriorated, in contrast with those of the forage cultivars. However, they maintained satisfactory mineral content levels and Ca:P and K:(Ca + Mg) ratios (with the exception of E. indica with poor Ca:P ratios and E. crus-galli var. crus-galli with poor P content and Ca:P ratios). All weed species were acceptable to cattle, although there were some differences in palatability among the species.  相似文献   

11.
Many wild weeds are used in Mexico as fodder. Due to their economic value, this investigation was undertaken to determine the chemical composition of 14 species. The mineral, crude protein, fiber, and total phenolic content, as well as the antioxidant activity, was determined. There was a significant variation in the mineral content among the 14 weeds, which all had calcium and potassium as the predominant elements. According to the results, some of the weeds might represent possible mineral deficiency sources, making the supplementation of certain minerals advisable. Although five of the species contained a low concentration of magnesium, the overall mineral ratios of the forage weeds were at safe levels, preventing grazing animals suffering from grass tetany, in contrast to the excessive calcium : phosphorus ratios that can affect their normal growth and bone development. The crude fiber and protein content in most of the weeds fell into the recommended range for the maintenance of cattle. The phenolic content of the studied weed extracts was higher than that reported for several Mediterranean forage species. These phenolic profiles correlate well with the radical scavenging activities of the extracts.  相似文献   

12.
Malva parviflora (little mallow) is a wild herb with agricultural importance in Egypt, where it is cultivated as a food crop. The main objective of the present work was to study the distribution and common associated species of the arable weed, M. parviflora, in the Nile Delta, Egypt. In addition, the diversity and behavior of the common species along the prevailing environmental conditions were assessed. Fifty stands, representing five common habitats (crop fields, orchards, canals, drains and roadsides), were selected. Eighty‐five species and one variety (50 annuals and 36 perennials) were recorded. Therophytes dominated the other life forms and biregional taxa contributed the highest chorological elements. Malva parviflora is a therophytic plant that has a Mediterranean distribution intermingled with Irano‐Turanian elements. Moreover, the highest coverage percentage of M. parviflora was recorded in the canal banks. Four vegetation groups that represented the distinct habitats were produced by the application of a two‐way indicator species analysis and a detrended correspondence analysis as a classification and ordination technique, respectively. Vegetation group C, which inhabited the crop fields, was the most diverse. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated that calcium carbonate, organic carbon, carbonate, potassium and the potassium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity are the most effective soil variables on the distribution of M. parviflora and its associated species in the different habitats. It was found that M. parviflora was affected greatly by calcium carbonate, sand and magnesium. In addition, it was significantly associated with soil bicarbonate. Such a study could help in managing this important agricultural weed.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of three weeding systems with and without top-dressed nitrogen were examined in 40 experiments on bread wheat and durum wheat planted by farmers in the Chaouia (semi-arid area of Morocco) in 1984–1985 and 1985–1986 growing seasons. In both years, hand-weeding to simulate collection of forage reduced weed numbers by 30% and removed 63% of the weed dry weight. Treatment with 2, 4-D removed 66% of the weeds and reduced weed dry weight by 82%, in 1985–1986. Hand-weeding for forage produced 427 kg ha?1 weed dry matter in both years, but wheat grain yields were 179 kg ha?1 lower than with 2.4-D treatments. Over both years, the cost of each kg weed forage was 0·43 kg grain yield loss. Without weeding grain yields were 130 kg ha?1 lower than 2, 4-D treatments. Weed control with 2,4-D increased wheat grain yields over both non-weeded and hand-weeded treatments by an average of 154 kg ha?1. Overall, there were no significant effects of nitrogen on wheat or weed yields nor interactions between top-dressed nitrogen and weeding systems. A total of 157 weed species belonging to 29 botanical families were identified on the 40 experimental sites over both years; 89% were dicotyledons. Papaver rhoeas L. (common poppy), 2, 4-D susceptible plant, was the most annual weed in wheat fields in Chaouia.  相似文献   

14.
In the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau four indigenous perennial grass species Bromus inermis (BI), Elymus sibiricus (ES), Elymus nutans (EN) and Agropyron cristatum (AC) were cultivated as three mixtures with different compositions and seeding rates, BI + EN, BI + ES + AC and BI + ES + EN + AC. From 1998 to 2001 there were three different weeding treatments: never weeded (CK); weeded on three occasions in the first year (1-y) and weeded on three occasions in both the first and second year (2-y) and their effect of grass combination and interactions on sward productivity and persistence was measured. Intense competitive interference by weedy annuals reduced dry matter (DM) yield of the swards. Grass combination significantly affected sward DM yields, leaf area index (LAI) and foliar canopy cover and also species composition DM and LAI, and species plant cover. Interaction between weeding treatments and grass combination was significant for sward DM yield, LAI and canopy cover, but not on species composition for DM, LAI or species plant cover. Grass mixture BI + ES + EN + AC gave the highest sward DM yield and LAI for both weeding and non-weeding treatments. Species ES and EN were competitively superior to the others. Annual weedy forbs must be controlled to obtain productive and stable mixtures of perennial grasses, and germination/emergence is the most important time for removal. Weeding three times (late May, late June and mid-July) in the establishment year is enough to maintain the production and persistence of perennial grass mixtures in the following growing seasons. Extra weeding three times in the second growing year makes only a slight improvement in productivity.  相似文献   

15.
在河西走廊西部大田试验条件下,通过一个生长季的观测,分析研究农田盐渍化对土壤理化特性和典型牧草(紫花苜蓿)和农作物(大麦)农艺性状、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)在0 ～ 20 cm土层,牧草土壤容重沿盐渍化梯度增加了3％,4.54％,8.62％,9.96％,农作物土壤容重没有明显变化规律;土壤有机质显著降低,且0～ 10 cm土层的降低速率快于10 ～ 20 cm土层;(2)盐渍化程度等于或高于中度盐渍化水平时,大麦植株的穗长、穗粒数和秸秆重受到显著影响;在开花、孕穗和灌浆期的盐度既会降低籽粒产量也降。低秸秆产量。与农作物相比,盐渍化程度等于或高于轻度盐渍化水平时,牧草植株的株高、主侧枝长和主根直径会受到影响,进而导致牧草产量的降低。因此,在农业生产中,可根据两种作物在不同盐渍化梯度各生育期的受害状况进行相应的水盐调控和耕作管理,以实现盐渍化农田作物产量的维持和增加。  相似文献   

16.
Great gerbil(Rhombomys opimus) colonies, with bare soil and herbaceous plants, are conspicuous to the background environment throughout their range area. In order to quantify the engineer role of great gerbils, we investigated the plant communities of 20 active colonies in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. In areas without disturbance, desert plant communities were dominated by the shrubs with low level species richness. In burrow areas and surrounding intermediate areas, which were disturbed by great gerbils, the shrubs were suppressed with the decrease of vegetation cover and aboveground biomass. As a result, "niche gaps" were created in disturbed areas and worked as a refuge for herbaceous annuals and perennials. So the existence of great gerbils increased the overall species richness of the desert. Furthermore, herbaceous annuals and perennials are the major food source for great gerbils in spring, indicating that great gerbils have a mutually beneficial relationship with herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

17.
在青海省东部农区对4个燕麦品种(欧歌、莫尼卡、骏马、沙黄麦)全生育期的生产性能、生物量分配及营养价值进行了比较研究。结果表明,4个品种中"沙黄麦"抽穗期株高达到最高,为136.3 cm,鲜草产量在灌浆期最大,达到21 716.73 kg·hm~(-2),显著高于其它品种。同时,"沙黄麦"在生育期茎叶比均小于其它3个品种,完熟期为3.38,具有显著优势;4个品种的粗蛋白含量范围为5.31%～8.54%,中性洗涤纤维含量范围为54%～65%,酸性洗涤纤维的含量范围为30%～40%,营养品质均低于本地育成品种,因此,亟待改善农艺措施以提高引进燕麦品种饲草质量。  相似文献   

18.
Seeds of thirteen annual weed species were collected in early autumn. Within a few weeks they were incorporated in soil. They were stored either in the field or in climate chambers where seasonal variations in field soil temperature were simulated. Seedling emergence under various conditions was determined at different times, within a period of 1 or 2 years after the incorporation of seeds in soil. Some material was transferred from the storage places at different times of year and placed in cabinets with standardized temperature regimes for 3-week emergence tests. These showed increased emergence during late autumn and winter and a maximum at some time in winter in both summer and winter annuals. Some winter annuals showed a second maximum in late summer. Counts of seedlings in the storage places, in unstirred soil, showed maximum emergence in spring for both winter and summer annuals — or in summer for Spergula arvensis and, possibly, Capsella bursa-pastoris. In certain treatments in the field, the soil was stirred once, on different dates, simulating tillage at different limes of year. The emergence following stirring of the soil was greatest in spring for the summer annuals, except for Spergula arvensis, which showed more emergence from early to mid summer. Several winter annuals showed an emergence peak after stirring in late summer or early autumn. Variations saisonnières dans la levèe des mauvaises herbes annuelles-étude préliminaire en Suède  相似文献   

19.
Exotic plant invasion is a growing concern in the conservation and management of indigenous arid land ecosystems.By creating areas of ameliorated microclimates and fertile soil below their canopies,perennial plants might influence exotic annual plant invasions.We conducted a quantitative literature review of studies that compared exotic annual plant abundance among native perennial plant species and interspace(open areas)microsites in North America's Mojave Desert,where exotic plant invasion has corresponded with increasing extent of wildfire and broad-scale ecosystem transformation.Ten studies compared exotic annual plant abundance between interspaces and below a total of 36 native perennial species.These studies revealed that:(1)With few exceptions,most native perennial species supported a greater abundance of exotic annuals than interspaces,indicating overall facilitation of exotic species by native perennials.(2)Exotic species abundance varied by orders of magnitude among native perennial species,with some perennial species harboring amounts of exotics similar to interspaces.(3)Distributions of dominant exotic species varied,where Bromus rubens displayed a greater affinity for below-perennial microsites than did Schismus spp.and Erodium cicutarium that often were most abundant in interspaces.Results suggest that the degree of facilitation of exotic plants warrants consideration when selecting native perennial species for revegetation and restoration projects.  相似文献   

20.
This study was conducted in southern Tunisia in the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014, and aimed to compare the effects of exotic and endogenous shrub species(Haloxylon persicum and Retama raetam, respectively) on understory vegetation and soil nutrients. For each shrub species, the canopied sub-habitat(under the shrub crown) and un-canopied sub-habitat(in open grassland area) were distinguished. The concentrations of soil nutrients(organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus) were found to be significantly higher(P<0.05) under R. raetam canopy than under H. persicum canopy and in open area. The result also showed that the presence of shrubs improved all the values of understory vegetation parameters(floristic composition, density, total plant cover and dry matter) and all these values were significantly higher under endogenous species canopy than under exotic species canopy. These results highlighted the positive effect of endogenous shrubs on understory vegetation and soil nutrients compared to the exotic ones in the Saharan areas of Tunisia.  相似文献   

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