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1.
天山北麓不同土地覆被下土壤有机碳垂直分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用全国第二次土壤普查数据,对天山北麓不同土地覆被类型下的土壤有机碳分布特征开展研究。结果表明：在0～100 cm土层天山北麓不同土地覆被类型的土壤碳密度差异显著,其均值处于3.65～35.73 kg·m-2。不同土地覆被类型的土壤碳密度垂直分布差异明显,其中耕地表层(0～20 cm)土壤碳密度占其总量的32.2%,其相邻土层的土壤碳密度占其总量比例的差值较小,最大差值仅为8.1%;高山亚高山草甸、森林和隐域植被表层(0～20 cm)土壤碳密度占其总量的40%以上;荒漠植被、裸地和稀疏植被表层(0~20 cm)土壤碳密度占其总量的比例低于37%,其中裸地与稀疏植被最低,仅为25.4%,其相邻土层土壤碳密度占其总量比例的最大差值低于4.0%。 相似文献
2.
This work explored the invasion patterns of Conyza species in Mediterranean pine forests after fire and identified their main correlates through a temporal study approach. We hypothesised that wildfires might favour Conyza spp. invasion in these forests, but only transiently and depending on fire regime. We recorded Conyza spp. invasion and subsequent extinction in plots from species' occurrence and cover in vegetation surveys. We also explored the association of Conyza spp. presence and cover with a set of climatic, landscape and local (plot) factors using GLZ and GLM. We assessed changes in significant factors over time with a Wilcoxon test for paired samples. Evidence for Conyza spp. establishment was found in two‐thirds of the study plots, with an invasion peak 2 years after fire. Local factors related to resource availability, including high fire severity, low soil stoniness and total vegetation cover and high herbaceous cover, were significantly correlated with Conyza occurrence in plots at the invasion peak. However, Conyza cover was always low (≤6%) and populations did not persist more than several years, thus becoming rarer as plant cover increased. Landscape and climatic factors showed no association with Conyza occurrence. In conclusion, wildfires favour transient invasion of European Mediterranean pine forests by Conyza spp. Invasion is mostly enhanced by local fire severity and constrained by subsequent vegetation recovery, while it is poorly explained by climate and landscape, either current or historical. 相似文献
3.
以设在山西省阳高县的大型径流观测场为依托,以2005-2009年的野外实测数据为依据,研究了晋北黄土丘陵区人工植被与鱼鳞坑配合的蓄水保土及土壤水分效应,并与荒坡、苜蓿地进行了对比。结果表明:在观测的5年内,柠条、沙棘、油松的蓄水保土能力随种植年限延长无明显增加趋势,但鱼鳞坑的蓄水能力和保土能力分别高达84.7%～96.0%和95.2%～99.7%;荒坡和苜蓿(Medicago sativa)第一年和第二年的蓄水保土能力较差,第三年和第四年随植被盖度增加能力急剧增强,第四年蓄水能力分别达82.8%和91.2%,保土能力达97.0%和98.0%;土壤水份分析结果表明:不同小区4～9月土壤水分变异系数为7.0%～19.1%,油松区变异系数最大,其次为沙棘、苜蓿和柠条区,荒坡区和裸坡区变异较小,不同小区土壤水分亏缺率为23.98%～52.66%,亏缺顺序为柠条区>苜蓿区>油松区>沙棘区>荒坡区>裸坡区;林草植被有效地减少了水土流失,亦增加了土壤水分的变异及亏缺程度,应注意林草植被的合理选择和配置。 相似文献
4.
Understanding the effects of vegetation cover on seedling survival is helpful for promoting vegetation restoration in environmentally fragile zones. This study was conducted in the desertified, moving sand dunes of Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. We hyphothesized that(1) seed density(i.e., number/m2) increases as vegetation cover increases, and(2) there will be more surviving seedlings in locations with higher vegetation covers. Total vegetation cover and initial densities of seeds, germinated seeds and surviving seedlings of Ulmus pumilia were evaluated under various vegetation covers in trying to clarify the effects of vegetation cover on the early stages of the plant life history. In agreement with the first hypothesis, initial seed densities were greater(P<0.05) under higher vegetation covers. The relationship between vegetation cover and initial seed density was represented by a quadratic regression, where a threshold occurred with a vegetation cover of 36%(P<0.05). The higher total vegetation covers, however, did not result in increased densities of germinated seeds(P>0.05), which on average represented 16.7% of initial seed densities. Even more, three months after the study initiation, total vegetation covers were similar(P>0.05) at all positions in the dunes, and they determined a similar number(P>0.05) of surviving seedlings at those positions(i.e. the second hypothesis had to be rejected). The mean number of seed- lings that survived at all positions was only 4.5% of germinated seeds. The number of surviving elm seedlings(0 to 1.7 seedlings/m2) under various vegetations covers(12.2% to 20.8%) at all dune positions by late summer would most likely not contribute to vegetation restoration in the study area. 相似文献
5.
Impact of land use/cover changes on carbon storage in a river valley in arid areas of Northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yuhai YANG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(6):879-887
Soil carbon pools could become a CO_2 source or sink, depending on the directions of land use/cover changes. A slight change of soil carbon will inevitably affect the atmospheric CO_2 concentration and consequently the climate. Based on the data from 127 soil sample sites, 48 vegetation survey plots, and Landsat TM images, we analyzed the land use/cover changes, estimated soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and vegetation carbon storage of grassland, and discussed the impact of grassland changes on carbon storage during 2000 to 2013 in the Ili River Valley of Northwest China. The results indicate that the areal extents of forestland, shrubland, moderate-coverage grassland(MCG), and the waterbody(including glaciers) decreased while the areal extents of high-coverage grassland(HCG),low-coverage grassland(LCG), residential and industrial land, and cultivated land increased. The grassland SOC density in 0–100 cm depth varied with the coverage in a descending order of HCGMCGLCG.The regional grassland SOC storage in the depth of 0–100 cm in 2013 increased by 0.25×1011 kg compared with that in 2000. The regional vegetation carbon storage(S_(rvc)) of grassland was 5.27×10~9 kg in2013 and decreased by 15.7% compared to that in 2000. The vegetation carbon reserves of the under-ground parts of vegetation(S_(ruvb)) in 2013 was 0.68×10~9 kg and increased by approximately 19.01%compared to that in 2000. This research can improve our understanding about the impact of land use/cover changes on the carbon storage in arid areas of Northwest China. 相似文献
6.
沙坡头人工植被组成分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文根据多年的植被调查和沙层水分动态的观测资料,对沙坡头地区无灌溉条件下人工植被33年演变过程中的组成进行分析。结果表明:(1)目前,人工植被已经演变为以油蒿为主的灌木半灌木+一年生草本+孢子植物占优势的人工——天然植被。(2)人工植被的生活型以高位芽植物和一年生植物为主,辅以少量的地面芽植物,没有地上芽和隐芽植物,生活型谱不完整。与天然油蒿群落比较,人工植被种类少、投影盖度低、根栖层水分严重亏缺。(3)投影盖度是荒漠半荒漠植被最重要的特征之一。人工植被演变初期投影盖度波动性上升。7—16龄为鼎盛时期,投影盖度为30%左右。随后又波动性下降。这种波动性变化规律在判断沙漠化程度时有意义。(4)人工植被演变过程中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的变化规律近似“∩”型。种优势度指数的变化规律与其成负相关,近似“U”型。(5)流沙群落、3—33龄的人工植被的种多度分布模式为几何级数型。天然油蒿群落和红砂—珍珠群落为对数正态分布。1—2龄的人工植被种多度分布模式完全受人为因素的制约。 相似文献
7.
The effectiveness of seeding introduced species, with or without straw mulching, was tested as a measure of post-fire erosion control in gypsiferous (Xeric Haplogypsid) and calcareous soils (Xeric Torriorthent) in Central Ebro Valley (NE-Spain). Paired control, seeding, and combined seeding and mulching plots were established in four replicated plots for each soil tested. Seeding rate was 30 g m -2 and straw mulch was applied at 100 g m -2 in each plot. Plant projective cover (total and specific), plant biomass, bare soil cover and sediment yield were determined over a 2-year period. During the first year of sampling, species introduced by seeding increased plant cover (about 30%) without significant differences observed between soils. Plant cover was similar in seeding-only and seeding-mulching treatments, although the latter treatment significantly enhanced plant weight. During the second year these differences disappeared because species introduced by seeding practically did not survive. So, the introduced herbs did not interfere with native plants. Bare soil cover remained significantly lower in treated plots than on the control plots for both soils during both years of sampling. In the second year, the reduction of bare soil was attributed to both the straw mulch and litter from the seeding species. Soil protection was significantly higher in calcareous soils than in gypsiferous soils which is related to their physical and chemical properties. Cumulative sediment yield decreased significantly over time with both treatments on both soils. Soil losses from control plots were three times higher than seeding plots and 3.3 times higher than from seeding and mulching plots in gypsiferous soils. Soil losses from control plots were two times higher than from seeding plots and 2.7 times higher than the combined seeding and mulching plots in the calcareous soils. Cumulative soil loss was higher from the gypsiferous soils than from the calcareous soils due to the lower plant cover. 相似文献
8.
基于MODIS数据的湟水流域植被覆盖变化研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用2001年～2008年250m分辨率的MODIS-NDVI数据,并结合湟水流域的地形特征数据,对流域内8年来植被覆盖变化动态进行分析。结果表明:近8年来湟水流域植被覆盖总体呈下降趋势;大通河流域以高植被覆盖区和较高植被覆盖区为主,湟水干流以高植被覆盖区、较高植被覆盖区和中度植被覆盖区为主;基于地形特征的湟水流域植被覆盖分布差异显著,脑山区以高植被覆盖区和较高植被覆盖区为主,浅山区以较高植被覆盖区和中度植被覆盖区为主,川水区以中度植被覆盖区和低植被覆盖区为主。 相似文献
9.
围栏封育对新疆蒿类荒漠草地植被及土壤养分的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以新疆封育3年的蒿类荒漠草地为对象,研究干旱区封育对草地植被及土壤养分的影响.结果表明:封育后荒漠草地群落的盖度、产量明显增加(P<0.05),分别比对照提高了11.0%,51.6 g/m~2,且盖度、产量的增加主要是由藜科草类引起;荒漠草地80%以上的地下生物量集中在0～40 cm土层中,且封育促进了0～10 cm土层内生物量的增加(P<0.05);与放牧地相比,封育后土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及速效氮、磷、钾含量均有所提高,且在0～10 cm的土层中差异显著(P<0.01),而pH值略有上升. 相似文献
10.
环北京沙尘暴沙尘源区的地表特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用多年环北京地区280个站的气象观测资料和卫星遥感资料,分析了环北京沙尘暴沙尘源区的地表特征。结果表明环北京地区干土层和植被指数的分布与沙尘暴易发生路径有较好的对应关系;春季干土层厚、植被覆盖差,夏秋好,这是造成春秋冷空气活动同样频繁,而沙尘暴主要发生在春季,秋季少的主要原因;干土层、植被覆盖有明显的年变化,沙尘暴发生的次数与前者成正比,与后者成反比;华北北部沙漠面积近几年逆转率增加,有利于沙尘暴减少。 相似文献
11.
JULIE MAJOR CHRISTOPH STEINER ANTONIO DITOMMASO NEWTON P.S. FALCÃO JOHANNES LEHMANN 《Weed Biology and Management》2005,5(2):69-76
Soils of the lowland tropics in the central Brazilian Amazon are generally highly leached, acidic and nutrient-poor. Charcoal, combined with other soil amendments, might improve fertility but this, in turn, could lead to increased weed problems for agricultural production. This experiment was conducted to assess weed pressure and species composition on plots receiving various inorganic and organic soil amendments, including charcoal. Additions of inorganic fertilizer, compost and chicken manure resulted in increases in weed ground cover of 40, 22 and 53%, respectively, and increases in species richness of 20, 48, and 63%, respectively. When chicken manure was applied, dominance by a few weed species was reduced, such that different species were more evenly represented. Although charcoal additions alone did not significantly affect weed ground cover or species richness, a synergistic effect occurred when both charcoal and inorganic fertilizers were applied. The percentage ground cover of weeds was 45% within plots receiving inorganic fertilizer, 2% within plots receiving charcoal and 66% within plots receiving both amendments. Improvements in the fertility of nutrient-poor soils of the tropics might increase weed pressure and make the development of effective weed management strategies more critical. These effects on weed populations were observed nearly 2.5 years after the addition of charcoal, chicken manure and compost, and > 1 year after the last application of inorganic fertilizer. 相似文献
12.
Fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop and sethoxydim with adjuvant oil were applied for three successive growing seasons to established strawberries infested with Elymus repens. The weed was virtually eradicated by three applications of haloxyfop (0.8 kg a.e. ha?1) in successive years. A similar effect was given by five applications of haloxyfop (0.4 kg a.e. ha?1) and fluazifop-butyl (1.6 kg AI ha?1) in three growing seasons. Lower rates of haloxyfop and fluazifop-butyl, and a high rate of sethoxydim (1.6 kg AI ha?1) applied five times were less effective, the ground cover of E. repens shoots not being reduced by the end of the experiment although weight of living rhizome was only 10-30% of that on untreated plots. Fruit yields on treated plots generally reflected the level of E. repens control, but there was some evidence of crop phytotoxicity from herbicide treatments. During the experiment E. repens untreated plots increased from about 30-100% ground cover and reduced yield 13, 28 and 68% in successive years compared with weed-free plots. 相似文献
13.
Hiwet Gebremedhin Girmay Gebresamual Nigussie Abadi Kassa Teka Shimbahri Mesfin 《Arid Land Research and Management》2018,32(2):236-252
With rapid population growth and absence of agricultural intensification, smallholders need more land to grow crops. This resulted in communal grazing land conversion to cultivated land. This study, therefore, aimed at exploring the magnitude of communal grazing land conversion and its influence on soil properties and vegetation cover change. Ecological time line approach was used to measure the magnitude of change. Plants and soil samples were taken from open grazing land, seasonal grazing land, 6 years old cultivated land, 16 years old cultivated land and 20 years old cultivated land. Moreover, 95 respondents were selected to assess their perception on the subject. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis system software. Results showed that grazing land declined by 41.88%, while cultivated land increased by 56.80% in the years between 1992 and 2012. Plant attributes showed significant (P?P?相似文献
14.
低覆盖度柠条固沙林不同配置对植被修复的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
低覆盖度行带式固沙林具有显著的防风固沙效果,已经在我国的半干旱地区广泛推广。针对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市和林格尔县不同配置的柠条锦鸡儿人工林,进一步研究不同带间宽度带内植被自然恢复过程及物种多样性的差异,结果表明:(1)在覆盖度为20%左右时,合理的行带式格局分布的柠条锦鸡儿人工林带间植被的恢复效果优于随机分布格局的样地。(2)柠条行带式造林不宜太窄和盖度太大,会影响其林下物种丰富度。(3)宽的带间距带内物种丰富度与物种多样性和均匀度以及其生物量变化曲线呈现了两个高峰,出现在距柠条带6-8m左右,而窄的带间距带内只有一个高峰。因此,该地区柠条带宽度为12m-16m可以使其带内的草本物种多样性和生物量达到最大。 相似文献
15.
短花针茅荒漠草原土壤种子库对不同放牧强度的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原,采用野外随机定点取样与室内萌发相结合的方法,对不同放牧强度下围封草地土壤种子库的密度、垂直结构、多样性、丰富度、均匀度、以及种子库与地上植被的相似性进行了研究。结果表明,在各试验区土壤种子库主要分布在0～20cm土层,占种子库总密度的87%～96%;随着放牧强度的增加,土壤种子库总密度减少,同时地上植被与土壤种子库的相似物种数减少,种子库组成的相异性增加;轻度放牧对土壤种子库中一二年生草本所占比例影响较小,而中度和重度放牧使土壤种子库中一二年生草本所占比例增加;土壤种子库的物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度均随放牧强度的增加而减小。 相似文献
16.
Summary. Asulam at 1 lb/acre was sprayed on forty-two plots in a dock-infested ryegrass/timothy sward in May, 1970. Each plot was paired with an untreated plot, containing nearly the same ground cover of docks. The plots were selected to represent the whole range of dock cover existing on the site (3–54%). Harvest cuts of dorks and grasses separately were taken one week post-treatment, and twice subsequently in 1970 and twice in 1971. The percentage change in grass and total herbage yield ratios was plotted against initial dock cover for each pair of plots at each harvest and subjected to regression analysis.
Significant correlations were obtained between grass yield ratios and initial dock cover for harvest 2, 3 and 2–5 combined: those plots which initially contained the largest dock populations gave the largest increases in grass yields after asulam treatment. Total herbage yield ratios were not correlated with initial dock cover at any harvest.
Overall, total herbage yields for the 2 years were not altered by asulam treatment, but grass formed 98·3% of the total yield on the treated plots, compared with 87·5% on the untreated. Asulam gave complete control of docks in 1970 and 73% on a dry weight basis in September, 1971.
Reaction d'une pâture traitée avec l'asulam contre les rumex (Rumex spp. ) 相似文献
Significant correlations were obtained between grass yield ratios and initial dock cover for harvest 2, 3 and 2–5 combined: those plots which initially contained the largest dock populations gave the largest increases in grass yields after asulam treatment. Total herbage yield ratios were not correlated with initial dock cover at any harvest.
Overall, total herbage yields for the 2 years were not altered by asulam treatment, but grass formed 98·3% of the total yield on the treated plots, compared with 87·5% on the untreated. Asulam gave complete control of docks in 1970 and 73% on a dry weight basis in September, 1971.
Reaction d'une pâture traitée avec l'asulam contre les rumex (Rumex spp. ) 相似文献
17.
为实现水稻生产减施除草剂的目标,将化感材料与农艺措施相结合取得对稻田杂草有效控制的效果,田间采用再裂区试验法研究了化感稻3号和N两优201两个水稻化感材料和非化感材料五山丝苗在不同水分管理、移栽密度和除草剂不同用量下,对水稻产量和田间杂草生物量的影响。结果表明:无论早季稻田还是晚季稻田,施用常规除草剂量的小区杂草生物量均为0,施用常规剂量50%除草剂且仅在孕穗期晒田的小区和常规密度小区有少量杂草发生。不施除草剂的水稻材料小区杂草生物量依次为化感稻3号N两优201五山丝苗。移栽后75 d,不施除草剂的小区相同水稻材料孕穗期不晒田比晒田处理、高密度比常规密度处理的杂草生物量小。早季稻田不晒田和高密度提高了水稻的产量,晚季稻田则相反。化感材料化感稻3号和N两优201在田间的抑草效果较五山丝苗要好。在水稻生产中,水稻化感材料结合农艺措施,可以实现水稻不减产,田间杂草得到有效控制,除草剂量减50%的目标。 相似文献
18.
It is known that the exploitation of opencast coal mines has seriously damaged the environments in the semi-arid areas. Vegetation status can reliably reflect the ecological degeneration and restoration in the opencast mining areas in the semi-arid areas. Long-time series MODIS NDVI data are widely used to simulate the vegetation cover to reflect the disturbance and restoration of local ecosystems. In this study, both qualitative (linear regression method and coefficient of variation (CoV)) and quantitative (spatial buffer analysis, and change amplitude and the rate of change in the average NDVI) analyses were conducted to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation during 2000-2017 in Jungar Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, at the large (Jungar Banner and three mine groups) and small (three types of functional areas: opencast coal mining excavation areas, reclamation areas and natural areas) scales. The results show that the rates of change in the average NDVI in the reclamation areas (20%-60%) and opencast coal mining excavation areas (10%-20%) were considerably higher than that in the natural areas (<7%). The vegetation in the reclamation areas experienced a trend of increase (3-5 a after reclamation)-decrease (the sixth year of reclamation)-stability. The vegetation in Jungar Banner has a spatial heterogeneity under the influences of mining and reclamation activities. The ratio of vegetation improvement area to vegetation degradation area in the west, southwest and east mine groups during 2000-2017 was 8:1, 20:1 and 33:1, respectively. The regions with the high CoV of NDVI above 0.45 were mainly distributed around the opencast coal mining excavation areas, and the regions with the CoV of NDVI above 0.25 were mostly located in areas with low (28.8%) and medium-low (10.2%) vegetation cover. The average disturbance distances of mining activities on vegetation in the three mine groups (west, southwest and east) were 800, 800 and 1000 m, respectively. The greater the scale of mining, the farther the disturbance distances of mining activities on vegetation. We conclude that vegetation reclamation will certainly compensate for the negative impacts of opencast coal mining activities on vegetation. Sufficient attention should be paid to the proportional allocation of plant species (herbs and shrubs) in the reclamation areas, and the restored vegetation in these areas needs to be protected for more than 6 a. Then, as the repair time increased, the vegetation condition of the reclamation areas would exceed that of the natural areas. 相似文献
19.
为了防止沙漠化的进一步扩展,于1983～1995年期间,在鄂尔多斯地区飞播了 12万hm2,在这里使用138个飞播区的调查数据,首先对适宜飞播植物种和合理的播种量进 行了探讨,得到如下结论:①在鄂尔多斯地区适宜飞播的植物种有杨柴、籽蒿、沙打旺、草苜蓿。 ②由于种子处理技术的应用,低播种量6.0-7.0kg/ha取得了良好的飞播成效。其次用Ⅰ类 数量化理论对播种时间、沙丘高度、沙丘密度、播前自然植被覆盖率与播后植被覆盖率的关系 进行了探讨,得到如下结论:①适宜的播种时间为5月25日-6月25日。②适宜的播区立地 条件为沙丘平均高度为10m以下,沙丘密度低于75%,播前自然植被覆盖率为12-25%。 相似文献
20.
SA Chula MENG Fanhao LUO Min LI Chenhao WANG Mulan ADIYA Saruulzaya BAO Yuhai 《干旱区科学》2021,13(4):332-349
Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas,and grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.The Mongolian Plateau features both abundant snow cover resources and typical grassland ecosystems.In recent years,with the intensification of global climate change,the snow cover on the Mongolian Plateau has changed correspondingly,with resulting effects on vegetation growth.In this study,using MOD10A1 snow cover data and MOD13A1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data combined with remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in snow cover and grassland phenology on the Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2018.The correlation analysis and grey relation analysis were used to determine the influence of snow cover parameters(snow cover fraction(SCF),snow cover duration(SCD),snow cover onset date(SCOD),and snow cover end date(SCED))on different types of grassland vegetation.The results showed wide snow cover areas,an early start time,a late end time,and a long duration of snow cover over the northern Mongolian Plateau.Additionally,a late start,an early end,and a short duration were observed for grassland phenology,but the southern area showed the opposite trend.The SCF decreased at an annual rate of 0.33%.The SCD was shortened at an annual rate of 0.57 d.The SCOD and SCED in more than half of the study area advanced at annual rates of 5.33 and 5.74 DOY(day of year),respectively.For grassland phenology,the start of the growing season(SOS)advanced at an annual rate of 0.03 DOY,the end of the growing season(EOS)was delayed at an annual rate of 0.14 DOY,and the length of the growing season(LOS)was prolonged at an annual rate of 0.17 d.The SCF,SCD,and SCED in the snow season were significantly positively correlated with the SOS and negatively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCOD was significantly negatively correlated with the SOS and positively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCD and SCF can directly affect the SOS of grassland vegetation,while the EOS and LOS were obviously influenced by the SCOD and SCED.This study provides a scientific basis for exploring the response trends of alpine vegetation to global climate change. 相似文献