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由中国原子能农学会辐射加工技术专委会主办、河南省科学院同位素研究所承办的”全国农业辐射加工技术研讨会”于2005年5月12-13日在河南省郑州市举行。来自全国辐射育种和加工行业的近百名代表参加了会议,河南省科学院院长余守志同志、河南省科学院纪检委书记郑锡胜同志、河南 相似文献
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本文采用在硫酸铈(Ce~(4+))体系中,加入硫酸铜(Cu~(2+))的方法,改进铈(Ce~(4+))剂量体系的稳定性。实验测定Ce~(4+)/Cu~(2+)体系中,Ce~(4+)的摩尔吸光度5643±451.M~(-1).cm~(-1)。在150—4×10~4Gy范围内,用三种Ce~(4+)浓度,测定水深5厘米校准点的G(Ce~(3+))为2.20±0.04。研究表明,G(Ce~(3+))值随辐照温度的上升而线性下降,测得辐照温度修正系数为-(5.13±0.07)×10~(-3)/℃。在Ce~(4+)溶液体系中,加入0.1M Cu~(2+),使剂量体系趋于稳定。对非限束~(60)Coγ源,水中校准点吸收剂量不确定度±3.3%,重复性好于±2.5%。Ce~(4+)/Cu~(2+)适宜作为辐射加工中高剂量区的参考剂量计。 相似文献
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分析了SaaS理论的起源和我国SaaS的理论研究现状,将SaaS与ASP进行比较,并说明了各方不同的观点,阐述了由CRM服务开始的SaaS产业的国内外发展状况。 相似文献
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In-field management practices of corn cob and residue mix (CRM) as a feedstock source for ethanol production can have potential effects on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CRM piles, storage in-field, and subsequent removal on soil CO2 and N2O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Iowa State University, Agronomy Research Farm located near Ames, Iowa (42.0°′N; 93.8°′W). The soil type at the site is Canisteo silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls). The treatments for CRM consisted of control (no CRM applied and no residue removed after harvest), early spring complete removal (CR) of CRM after application of 7.5 cm depth of CRM in the fall, 2.5 cm, and 7.5 cm depth of CRM over two tillage systems of no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and three N rates (0, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1) of 32% liquid UAN (NH4NO3) in a randomized complete block design with split–split arrangements. The findings of the study suggest that soil CO2 and N2O emissions were affected by tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates. Most N2O and CO2 emissions peaks occurred as soil moisture or temperature increased with increase precipitation or air temperature. However, soil CO2 emissions were increased as the CRM amount increased. On the other hand, soil N2O emissions increased with high level of CRM as N rate increased. Also, it was observed that NT with 7.5 cm CRM produced higher CO2 emissions in drought condition as compared to CT. Additionally, no differences in N2O emissions were observed due to tillage system. In general, dry soil conditions caused a reduction in both CO2 and N2O emissions across all tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates. 相似文献
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Water repellency is a relevant topic in soil‐science research due to its effects on vegetation growth, occurrence of surface runoff, infiltration, and erosion. Different methods have been adapted for the assessment of soil wettability by measuring the contact angle (CA), like the capillary‐rise method (CRM), where the liquid penetration dynamics into a dry sample is analyzed. However, questions related to sample preparation and the use of a suitable reference liquid in order to improve the reproducibility in such heterogeneous materials are still open. Different methods use ethanol as a reference liquid to quantify the degree of water repellency, like the molarity of ethanol droplets (MED), whereas other methods (CRM) suggest in addition n‐hexane as reference. To date, no generally accepted protocol has been invented to apply the CRM to soil particles. By using model porous materials with defined and stable levels of water repellency (silt, sand, and glass beads), CA results were compared for different initial settings of the sample. The main objective was to prove the CRM as a reliable and reproducible method to characterize soil wettability and to specify general guidelines for its application for granular materials in terms of sample size, sample‐packing procedure, and reference liquid. Results showed that a sample weight of ≈ 2 g has a relatively lower CA variation between replications. The packing procedure showed erratic results in CA, proving to be a critical factor in reproducibility. A uniform criterion of samples packing is recommended regarding application of CRM in soils. Regarding the reference liquid, n‐hexane should be preferred instead of ethanol for dynamic CA determination, because ethanol increased the tendency of CRM to overestimate angles due to dynamic effects, especially in finer‐textured materials (i.e., silt). 相似文献
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Ollilainen V Finglas PM van den Berg H de Froidmont-Görtz I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(1):315-321
In 1989, the Community Bureau of Reference started a research program to improve the quality of vitamin analysis in food. To achieve this task, vitamin methodology was evaluated and tested by interlaboratory studies and the preparation of certified reference materials, which will be used for quality control of vitamin measurements. The main improvements in methodology were achieved by testing and standardizing the extraction condition and enzymatic hydrolysis procedures. Results for each individual material are derived from five replicate determinations using at least two independent methods: liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbiological assay for vitamins B1, B2, and B6; and radioprotein binding and microbiological assays for vitamin B12. The certificate of analysis for four reference materials gives mass fraction values for water-soluble vitamins. These certified values were based on the acceptable statistical agreement of results from collaborating laboratories. Certified values with uncertainties (mg/kg dry matter) for each CRM are as follows: 4.63 (0.20) and 4.10 (0.51) for vitamins B1 and B6, respectively, in CRM 121 (wholemeal flour); 6.51 (0.24), 14.54 (0.3), 6.66 (0.43), and 0.034 (0.003) for vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B12, respectively, in CRM 421 (milk powder); 3.07 (0.17) and 4.80 (0.40) for vitamins B1 and B6, respectively, in CRM 485 (lyophilized mixed vegetables), and 8.58 (0.55), 106.8 (2.8), 19.3 1.5), and 1.12 (0.044) for vitamins B1. B2, B6, and B12, respectively, in CRM 487 (lyophilized pig liver). 相似文献
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食源性致病菌和腐败菌是造成食源性疾病和食品腐败的最主要原因。杀菌剂和防腐剂等传统的食品保鲜技术不仅会破坏食品特有风味,而且会造成化学污染,不利于人体健康。辐照技术作为一种新型的绿色“非热”加工技术,具有环保、安全、便捷、高效等特点,已被广泛应用于食品加工业中。本文结合国内外研究进展,介绍了食品辐照杀菌技术的机理和优势,阐述了辐照技术在生鲜肉和熟食肉制品加工、有害残留物降解中的应用,同时探讨了影响肉制品辐照效果的因素,以期为新工艺的研发提供参考,促进肉制品辐照加工保鲜技术的发展。 相似文献
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gamma-Irradiation was investigated as a technique to improve the hygienic quality of cocoa husk. Cocoa husk is a byproduct of cocoa bean processing industry. It contains approximately 57.5% (w/w) dietary fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides plus lignin), 15% (w/w) crude protein, 10.7% (w/w) mineral elements, 2.32% (w/w) cocoa butter, and 2.8% (w/w) carbohydrates (free sugars plus starch). The effect of irradiation on the growth rates of microorganisms are reported. Total counts, enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus "D" of Lancefield, and yeast and mold counts before and after irradiation at 5, 8, and 10 kGy were determined. Cocoa husk was irradiated in open containers. An irradiation dose of 5 kGy was already sufficient to decrease the microbial counts to a very low level. No alteration in dietary fiber was measured in the irradiated product and no significant differences were detected between irradiated and nonirradiated cocoa husk. 相似文献
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Characterization of a cost-efficient analytical method based on alkaline sample digestion with KOH and NaOH, followed by aqueous phase phenylation derivatization with NaBPh4 and solid phase microextraction (SPME) for the determination of methylmercury in typical fish-containing food samples commercially available in Hungary, is reported. The sample preparation procedure along with the applied SPME-GC-pyrolysis-AFS system was validated by measuring certified reference materials (CRM) BCR-464, TORT-2, and a candidate CRM BCR 710. To carry out an estimation of average Hungarian methylmercury exposures via marine fish and/or fish-containing food consumption, 16 commercially available products and 3 pooled representative seafood samples of-according to a previous European survey--the three most consumed fish species in Hungary, herring, sardines, and hake, were analyzed. Methylmercury concentrations of the analyzed samples were in the range 0.016-0.137 microg of MeHg g(-1) dry weight as Hg. 相似文献
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非热处理对蜂花粉杀菌效果及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究更有利于保留蜂花粉原有营养和风味的杀菌方法,本研究分别用辐照、超高压和高压静电场3种非热杀菌技术处理蜂花粉,并测定营养及风味的指标。结果表明,7 kGy辐照、500 MPa超高压、30 kV高场强处理对蜂花粉中的微生物均有抑制作用,且辐照对细菌的抑制效果较好,超高压和高压静电场对真菌的抑制效果较好。经500 MPa超高压处理后,蜂花粉脂类含量增加了23.3%,酚酸等活性成分含量增加,且其抗氧化活性降低程度最小,颜色和风味最接近未处理蜂花粉;30 kV高场强处理后,蜂花粉抗氧化活性显著下降、颜色偏深偏暗;7 kGy辐照处理后产生了明显的辐照味。综上,蜂花粉经超高压灭菌能达到较好的杀菌效果,而且能最大限度保持蜂花粉原有品质。本研究为非热杀菌技术在蜂花粉加工产业中的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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γ射线辐照与NaOH溶液协同预处理对玉米秸秆酶解产糖率及微观结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高玉米秸秆的酶解产糖量,研究γ射线辐照与NaOH溶液协同处理对玉米秸秆中酶解还原糖得率的影响。采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜(SEM)分析协同处理对玉米秸秆微观结构的影响。结果表明,较低剂量辐照对玉米秸秆酶解还原糖得率作用不明显,但可大幅降低后续碱浸泡所需的用量和时间。电镜扫描结果表明,经200kGy剂量辐照与碱协同预处理的样品,表面积增加最多。经200kGy辐照和2%NaOH溶液协同预处理的玉米秸秆,其酶解还原糖含量达到了48.34%,这为应用酶解玉米秸秆生产工业乙醇提供了理论依据。 相似文献