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奶牛活体采卵与屠宰场卵巢卵子体外生产胚胎的效果比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
先利用屠宰场卵巢获得的卵母细胞进行体外培养试验.在建立了培养体系获得较稳定的囊胚率的基础上,再利用具有优良乳用遗传性状的老龄奶牛进行活体采卵(OPU),获得的卵子进行体外胚胎生产,对奶牛活体采卵与屠宰场卵巢卵子体外生产胚胎的效果进行了比较.同时对奶牛重复OPU的效果及OPU卵子的培养天数对妊娠率的影响因素等进行探讨,试图为研究和生产建立一个高效的活体采卵体外胚胎生产方法.结果表明:(1)活体采卵获得的卵母细胞从形态以及后期的发育情况均明显差于屠宰场卵巢获得的卵子;OPU法的卵裂率、囊胚率(70.5%、18.3%)明显低于从屠宰场卵巢获得的卵子的卵裂率、囊胚率(75.1%、34.8%)(P＜0.01).(2)不同个体采集卵子数量差异明显(5.92枚/头与1.4枚/头)(P＜0.05).(3)同一头奶牛每次采卵数之间无显著差异,但有波动性变化.(4)奶牛OPU卵子经培养在第6 d或第7 d发育至囊胚的胚胎移植妊娠率高于第8 d发育至囊胚的胚胎. 相似文献
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[目的]研究牛活体采卵-体外受精（ovum pick-up and in vitro fertilization,OPU/IVF）体系,建立高效的牛体外胚胎生产系统。[方法]以从屠宰场采集的健康牛新鲜卵巢为试验材料,进行卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精、体外胚胎培养相关条件的摸索,重点考查体外胚胎培养液中添加瘦素（leptin）对囊胚率的影响。选取13～15月龄健康荷斯坦奶牛及和牛各10头作为供体,进行活体采卵、卵母细胞体外成熟、体外胚胎生产,记录可用卵数及可用囊胚数,统计卵裂率、囊胚率;2个品种牛的体外冷冻胚胎解冻后,以荷斯坦奶牛为受体进行胚胎移植,移植后45 d统计妊娠率。[结果]添加30 U/mL的leptin可以显著（P<0.05）提高屠宰场来源牛体外胚胎的囊胚率。随机选择供体牛活体采卵,平均每头荷斯坦奶牛获得可用卵7.5枚,平均每头和牛获得可用卵8.1枚;荷斯坦奶牛及和牛的卵裂率分别为84.00%、82.71%,二者差异不显著（P>0.05）。体外培养条件下,平均每头荷斯坦奶牛获得可用囊胚4.3枚,平均每头和牛获得可用囊胚3.7枚;荷斯坦奶牛的囊胚率（57.33%）显著... 相似文献
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自第1头体外生产胚胎(IVP)牛诞生和非手术活体采卵(OPU)技术在牛上应用以来,为了改进IVP和OPU技术,许多研究者致力于提高牛IVP和OPU技术的效率.时至今日,OPU和IVP技术均已成为成熟的技术.阐述了过去十几年中OPU和IVP技术的主要研究成果和研究进展,并总结了该技术的应用历史、应用现状和应用前景. 相似文献
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目前从离体卵巢采集卵母细胞是体外受精研究所需卵母细胞的主要来源之一.一般是从屠宰场采集母畜的卵巢,抽取卵巢上的卵母细胞.但我国缺乏良种羊的卵巢资源,故所采卵母细胞种质一般较差,而且其系谱不明.而活体采卵技术(Ovum Pick-up OPU)正是解决当前我国体外受精研究中存在的卵母细胞资源缺乏、系谱不明等问题的有效手段.羊的活体采卵主要有三种方法:常规手术法、B型超声波法和腹腔镜法.腹腔镜法活体采卵(Laparoscopic Ovum Pick-up LOPU)操作相对简便,对羊的伤害较小,可重复采卵;而常规手术法对羊的伤害较大,较难重复采卵; B型超声波法活体采卵技术需要大量的练习才能掌握,可见卵泡数和获卵数较少.因此羊的活体采卵在国外应用最为广泛的方法当属LOPU.Snyder和Dukelow在1974年首先将腹腔镜用于绵羊的活体采卵,获得了6枚卵母细胞,然而当时并没有得到充分的发展,随着胚胎体外生产技术的发展,直到近些年在国外才逐渐得到应用.而在国内,这方面的研究甚少,因此本实验开展了山羊LOPU的探索研究. 相似文献
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为建立稳定高效的活体采卵-体外受精技术体系,提高体外胚胎生产效率,本研究先利用屠宰场采集的新鲜卵巢卵母细胞进行体外受精,通过胚胎发育潜力来筛选最佳的体外胚胎培养液;再进一步研究不同种公牛精液和供卵母牛对活体采卵-体外受精效率的影响。结果显示,CR1aa培养液和mCR1aa培养液卵裂率差异不显著（P>0.05）,但mCR1aa组的囊胚发育率显著提高（28.1% vs 20.6%,P<0.05）;选取的3头荷斯坦种公牛精液的活体采卵-体外受精胚胎的卵裂率差异不显著（P>0.05）,但1号种公牛精液体外受精后囊胚率（38.7%）显著高于2号和3号（23.8%&22.9%）（P<0.05）;随机选择的3头活体采卵供体母牛（H1、H2、H3）获得的头均可用卵母细胞数无显著差异,但H1和H2供体母牛体外受精胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚率均显著高于H3供体牛（P<0.05）,且H1供体牛体外受精囊胚率显著高于H2供体牛（P<0.05）。结果表明,mCR1aa培养液能显著提高体外受精囊胚发育率,适用于体外胚胎生产;种公牛精液和供体母牛个体差异会直接影响活体采卵-体外受精胚胎的生产效率,为奶牛活体采卵-体外受精生产技术体系的优化提供参考。 相似文献
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本研究比较了不同来源的水牛卵母细胞的体外受精及其胚胎发育。对10头摩拉母水牛连续6周进行活体采卵,共采集292枚卵母细胞,头均回收卵母细胞4.87枚,头均A级卵数为3.07枚,从屠宰场收集74头水牛卵巢共采集559枚卵母细胞,头均回收卵母细胞和A级卵母细胞分别为7.55枚和5.20枚,均显著高于活体采集的水牛卵母细胞(P<0.01)。将收集的AB级水牛卵母细胞在相同的条件下进行体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养至囊胚。结果表明,活体采卵组和屠宰水牛卵母细胞组受精分裂率差异不显著,分别为54.81%和57.73%。屠宰水牛卵母细胞组的囊胚率则高于活体采卵组(28.78%vs21.34%,P<0.05)。利用两组的胚胎进行常规法冷冻保存,冻胚解冻后的存活率差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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为探讨采卵季节对水牛活体采卵及其体外受精效果的影响,本研究选自2006-2008年78批次的626头牛活体采卵收集3143枚卵母细胞数据和同一操作者的51批次共培养1366枚卵母细胞的体外受精生产胚胎数据,并根据水牛繁殖特点和发情规律,每年分为3个阶段,即春季(1～4月),夏季(5～7月)和秋冬季(8～12)3个季节进行统计分析。结果发现,水牛活体采卵和体外受精效果受季节影响较大。在秋冬季进行活采时,平均头次获卵母细胞总数和可用卵母细胞数分别为(5.88±2.84)枚和(3.56±1.51)枚,平均头次卵母细胞总数明显高于夏季的(3.72±1.58)枚(P<0.01),但与春季的(4.80±1.77)枚差异不显著(P>0.05),而头均可用卵母细胞数则高于春季的(2.77±1.19)枚(P<0.05)和夏季的(2.11±1.11)枚(P<0.01);季节之间卵母细胞可用率没有差异(P>0.05);虽然每个季节活体采卵体外受精卵分裂率没有差异(P>0,05),但在秋冬季采卵时,其囊胚率(27.09%)则明显高于春季(20.95%)和夏季(20.45%),P<0.05,而春季和夏季之间没有差异(P>0.05)。研究表明:一年四季都可以进行水牛活体采卵体外生产胚胎,但从采卵效果和胚胎生产效率上看,在秋冬季进行活体采卵效果最好。 相似文献
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近年来，体外胚胎生产(in vitro embryo production, IVP)技术取得了很大进步，尤其是卵母细胞活体采卵(ovum pick-up, OPU)技术得到广泛应用。OPU是20世纪90年代发展起来的一项新型的能获得优秀种母牛卵母细胞的技术，该技术在动物胚胎生产和发育机理研究及人类辅助生育技术临床实践中有着广阔的应用前景。可以提高种母畜和珍贵野生动物的资源保护效率，提高优良母畜的遗传潜力，为奶牛生物技术发展提供必要的支撑技术。卵母细胞的质量是IVP系统取得成功的关键，卵母细胞的体外成熟(in vitro maturation, IVM)是成功受精和胚胎发育必不可少的步骤。卵母细胞IVM完成了卵母细胞的细胞质和核成熟，准备了发育至胚胎基因组激活所必需的所有必要成分。但体外成熟的卵母细胞发育能力低于体内成熟卵母细胞，卵母细胞减数分裂和细胞核质成熟不同步，氧化应激损伤等对卵母细胞成功受精和胚胎发育非常重要，因此，需要进一步提高卵母细胞体外成熟能力，以改善牛体外胚胎生产系统。本文从卵母细胞体外成熟面临的核质成熟不同步，氧化应激等问题进行概述，同时，叙述C型钠肽、褪黑素、FLI... 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
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In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献