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1.
再生水灌溉对土壤主要盐分离子的分布特征及盐碱化的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过田间试验,研究再生水纯灌、轮灌、重要时期灌清水等不同灌溉策略对西红柿和黄瓜地块土壤主要盐分离子的分布特征及盐碱化的影响。结果表明:对于西红柿地块,除Cl-和HCO3-在表土中的发生积累外,其他主要盐分离子均强烈受到灌溉水淋溶作用的影响,表现出向土壤深层迁移的特征,但是再生水灌溉未引起土壤剖面盐分的累积。对于黄瓜地块,土壤盐分分布对不同再生水灌溉策略的响应不同于西红柿地块,强烈的蒸发作用造成了主要盐分离子(除HCO3-外)在土壤表层中出现积累,但是未监测到盐分在深层土壤中累积。再生水灌溉对西红柿和黄瓜地块土壤的pH值和SAR值均未产生显著影响,但是较高的pH值(>8.0)说明长期灌溉再生水可能引起土壤的碱化。研究认为重要时期灌清水处理在控制土壤盐分累积方面效果明显,且未引起土壤发生碱化,可作为短期再生水灌溉果蔬菜(西红柿、黄瓜)的有益尝试。 相似文献
2.
污水灌溉对苜蓿生长下土壤部分理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验研究了污水、再生水等不同灌溉水质对苜蓿三次刈割后土壤部分理化性质的影响。结果表明:相对于清水灌溉,污水及再生水处理能显著降低土壤pH值,增加EC值。第二次刈割时污水、再生水处理与清水相比土壤无机氮含量分别增加了63.59%和35.02%,第三次刈割时分别增加了82.18%和30.72%。与清水灌溉相比,污灌处理土壤Cd含量在三次刈割中分别增加了33%,117.65%和138.89%,再生水灌溉处理在三次刈割中分别增加了13.33%,64.71%和61.11%。根据《土壤环境质量标准》进行土壤重金属污染评价表明,在本试验期间各灌溉水质处理未引起土壤Pb污染,但未经处理的污灌处理造成了Cd污染。本研究初步说明污水采用混灌与轮灌方式可适当减缓其不利效应;再生水可作为苜蓿的灌溉用水,但其长期效应仍需进一步深入研究。 相似文献
3.
再生水灌溉对作物重金属含量的影响,是再生水能否安全利用的重要基础问题。通过冬小麦的盆栽试验,研究了再生水灌溉对土壤和冬小麦植株铅、镉含量的影响。结果表明,再生水灌溉对土壤铅、镉含量没有明显的影响,而混灌和轮灌较再生水纯灌可以降低土壤铅含量,但对土壤镉含量没有明显的减低作用。再生水灌溉处理小麦各器官的镉含量分布是根〉叶〉茎〉籽粒,铅含量分布是叶〉根〉茎〉籽粒,叶片铅含量较其他器官高可能与大气铅污染有关。再生水灌溉后,小麦各器官镉含量较清水对照有一定的提高,但铅、镉含量和对照相比差异不显著。应用再生水灌溉,小麦籽粒中铅、镉含量均符合国家食用安全标准,但镉含量较清水灌溉有升高现象,在生产应用中要有所注意。 相似文献
4.
再生水灌溉对草坪土壤速效养分及盐碱化的效应 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
采用7种水分处理：清水适宜灌（FPI）、混合适宜灌（RFPI）、再生水充分灌（RFI）、再生水适宜灌（RPI）、再生水轻微干旱胁迫（RLWS）、再生水中度干旱胁迫（RMWS）、再生水重度干旱胁迫（RSWS），相应灌溉下限分别为田间持水量70％，70％，80％，70％．60％，50％，40％，灌水定额相同。研究结果表明：与清水灌溉相比，短期内采用再生水灌溉不会使大量氮紊残留于土壤，不会快速提高土壤供磷水平，土壤速效钾含量增加不显著，土壤阳离子含量增加也不显著。再生水灌溉不同水分处理下，土壤养分元素累积量与供水量成反比，特别是在中度及重度干旱胁迫处理下土壤速效养分累积明显。通过对再生水灌溉下土壤化学性质主成分分析表明，再生水灌溉下土壤盐分离子及氮钾元素变化较快，其次是水溶性钠离子．再次为速效磷。 相似文献
5.
再生水灌溉对红壤水力特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
再生水长时间灌溉是诱发土壤水力特性演变的关键因素之一。该文采用再生水原液(reclaimedwater,RW)以及再生水原液稀释2倍(RW-2)、4倍(RW-4)、6倍(RW-6)等4种不同浓度再生水水源,设置再生水连续灌溉与再生水-蒸馏水交替灌溉(ARW、ARW-2、ARW-4、ARW-6)2种灌溉模式,以蒸馏水连续灌溉(CK)为对照,持续对第四纪红壤进行干湿循环模拟灌溉,直到土壤入渗趋于稳定为止。采用压力膜仪法测定各灌溉处理后的土壤水分特征曲线,选择van Genuchten(VG)模型对其参数提取,分析了红壤水力特性的演变特征及其参数影响。结果表明:再生水灌溉显著影响了红壤的持水特性,促使红壤孔隙大小、数量及其分布发生演变,该变化规律与再生水水质浓度、灌溉模式关系密切。与CK相比,再生水连续灌溉模式RW、RW-2、RW-4、RW-6处理下,红壤有效水分别提高了5.4%、3.6%、14.6%、-8.1%;再生水-蒸馏水交替灌溉模式ARW、ARW-2、ARW-4、ARW-6处理下,红壤有效水分别降低了9.9%、23.3%、26.5%、16.9%。与CK相比,连续灌溉对红壤水力传导性无显著影响;而交替灌溉则影响显著,其土壤非饱和导水率、水分扩散度大体表现为CKARW-6■ARW-4ARWARW-2。再生水灌溉对VG模型参数θs'、θr'、α、n均有显著影响;再生水的pH值、电导率及钠吸附比均与红壤有效水存在显著的相关性。该研究结果对红壤地区再生水长期灌溉利用风险评估提供了一定理论基础和技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
再生水灌溉对典型土壤盐分和离子浓度的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为推动再生水安全灌溉,避免土壤盐渍化。该文研究了不同再生水灌溉年限对土壤盐分的影响。结果表明,不同再生水灌溉年限对各层土壤电导率、pH值无显著影响,而钠吸附比有所增加,但仍在适宜范围内。再生水灌溉后土壤中Na+、Mg2+、K+和Cl-含量总体呈现增加趋势,但在0～40 cm层位增加不显著,40～80 cm存在增加明显,土壤盐分在降水淋溶作用下具有向根系活动层以下迁移的趋势,华北地区气候条件下再生水灌溉引起耕层土壤盐分显著累积的风险较低。 相似文献
7.
回填土下再生水灌溉对玉米生长及土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了对劣质土及再生水灌溉下农田水分高效利用进行研究,通过野外试验的方法,以内蒙古干旱区城郊建筑回填土农田再生水灌溉玉米为研究对象,系统研究了再生水灌溉劣质土对玉米生长及土壤理化性质的影响。试验期间共灌溉4次水,共设不同再生水(Z)—清水(Q)5个处理,分别是T1(4Q)、T2(2Q2Z)、T3(1Q3Z)、T4(1Q2Z1Q)、T5(1Q1Z1Q1Z)5种模式。结果表明:建筑回填土下再生水灌溉玉米能显著增加玉米干物质、株高、叶面积及产量,且增产最大为15.91%;短期再生水灌溉不会对玉米重金属含量产生影响;再生水灌溉后土壤容重呈增加趋势,长期再生水灌溉会对深层土壤盐分累积产生潜在风险。 相似文献
8.
为探讨不同轮灌模式对华北粮食核心区污灌农田重金属镉阻断效应,通过典型污灌区田间试验,对土壤重金属镉在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中的迁移、累积进行了研究。结果表明,苗期微污染水灌溉对籽粒中镉累积影响并不明显,返青拔节期、孕穗期微污染水灌溉可显著增加籽粒中镉累积及食品安全风险。同时,返青拔节期、孕穗期微污染水灌溉抑制了籽粒灌浆及籽粒均匀度,降低冬小麦产量,但对夏玉米产量影响并不明显。因此,苗期采用微污染水灌溉,返青拔节期和孕穗期采用清水灌溉可以有效阻断镉在籽粒中的累积;在确保夏玉米籽粒安全的前提下,中度污灌农田土壤10-20cm土层有效镉含量可以作为夏玉米籽粒中镉含量以及是否符合粮食卫生标准的评价指标,其评价模型近似为y=0.0853x-0.0036,估算有效镉临界值为1.21mg/kg。 相似文献
9.
土壤性能和土壤微生物是再生水灌溉对环境安全效应评价的重要指标。通过模拟试验,以北京高碑店污水处理厂生产的再生水浇灌大豆为例,分析了收获期土壤理化特性及微生物类群变化。结果表明,再生水灌溉能够在一定程度上提高土壤肥力,表现为有机质和有效磷显著增加;土壤重金属铅、镉含量相对清水和土壤本底无明显增加,但土壤溶液电导值（EC）增加显著,在一定程度上造成盐度累积。在土壤微生物方面,再生水灌溉使土壤细菌数量相对清水灌溉处理增加;二级再生水和三级再生水灌溉处理间的放线菌数量差异显著,且明显高于清水对照;再生水灌溉对真菌数量影响不大。再生水灌溉使大豆根际土壤脲酶活性增加,碱性磷酸酶活性最高。土壤微生物数量、酶活性与土壤养分含量之间呈显著相关关系,可作为评价土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的指标。 相似文献
10.
再生水灌溉草坪对土壤质量影响的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用随机区组设计,研究了再生水(Reclaimed Water)灌溉黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、早熟禾(Poapratensis)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、结缕草(Zoysia japonica)、野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)、麦冬(Radix liriopes)6种草坪草对土壤质量的影响,结果表明:(1)再生水灌溉能增加土壤养分,但根据养分在土壤中迁移的难易程度及不同草坪的根系分布特征,再生水灌溉输入的养分在土壤剖面分布不同;(2)再生水灌溉后的土壤虽然碱化度处在5%～10%弱碱化范围,但与自来水灌溉相比,其在土壤剖面中的分布有扩大的趋势;(3)在6种供试草坪草中,再生水灌溉后黑麦草和结缕草土壤质量最好,可见黑麦草和结缕草比较适宜进行再生水灌溉。 相似文献
11.
再生水灌溉对土壤斥水性的影响 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
深入探求再生水灌溉条件下不同土壤中水分和溶质的分布及斥水性变化规律,能为再生水灌溉条件下土壤斥水性产生原因及其影响因素的研究提供一定的参考。选用砂土、砂姜黑土、塿土和盐碱土进行土柱再生水灌溉试验,取样测定不同灌水量条件下剖面土壤的潜在斥水性、含水率、Cl-、有机质(organicmatter,OM)含量及电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)等。结果表明:再生水灌溉后,塿土及盐碱土分别出现0～2,1～3级斥水性,砂土及砂姜黑土为0级斥水性,4种土表层表现出较强的斥水性。土壤斥水性随再生水灌水量和灌溉时间的增加而显著增强,并且灌水量越大,斥水性差异性越显著。4种土有机质含量OM与土壤斥水持续时间变化值TR呈正相关关系,Cl-含量、EC值与土壤斥水持续时间变化值TR呈负相关关系。相比较其他3种土而言,砂土更适合再生水灌溉。 相似文献
12.
再生水灌溉模式对潮土结构性质及导水性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示再生水不同灌溉模式下土壤结构性质及导水性能的差异。通过室内模拟土柱入渗试验,以清水灌溉为对照(CK),研究了再生水持续灌溉(RW)、再生水—清水混合灌溉(RW-2)及再生水—清水交替灌溉(ARW)3种灌溉模式对土壤容重、总孔隙度、团聚体稳定性、入渗率及饱和导水率的影响。结果表明:相比CK,各处理容重呈降低趋势,总孔隙度增加,但差异均不显著;再生水灌溉促进潮土>1mm粒级团聚体向<1mm粒级团聚体转化,相比CK,各处理<1mm粒级团聚体含量分别增长11.51%~31.22%;潮土团聚体水稳定性降低;各处理>0.25mm粒级团聚体含量分别降低2.92%~9.75%,平均质量直径分别降低11.30%~38.38%,几何平均直径分别降低3.93%~12.78%,其中RW最为显著;相关性分析表明,>1mm粒级水稳性团聚体含量对潮土结构稳定性贡献最大;再生水3种灌溉模式下潮土入渗率分别显著增长80.00%~260.00%;ARW处理潮土有效导水率上升22.68%,而RW和RW-2处理土壤有效导水率分别下降14.47%和42.36%。保持潮土结构性质方面以RW-2处理最好,改善潮土导水能力方面则以ARW处理最为显著。 相似文献
13.
Xingchao Qi Yanli Liu Min Zhang Bin Gao Chengliang Li 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(10):2438-2448
Purpose
With the increase of surfactant usages, more and more concerns were paid on their effects on the physicochemical characteristics of soils. Up to now, only few researches have examined the effects of ionic surfactants on the stability of soil structure and soil water repellency.Materials and methods
Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactant were adopted to investigate their effects on the aggregate stability and water repellency of a silt loam soil which was sampled in Corn High-Tech Park, Huang-Huai-Hai region, China. (1) Aggregate stability: 50 g soil was mixture with 100 mL surfactant solution in a beaker. The concentrations of surfactant solutions were 0 (the blank), 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 2000 mg L?1, respectively. After 30 min, the soil was sieved and divided into four fraction aggregates. (2) Soil water repellency: the concentrations of surfactant solutions were the same as experiment 1. Forty grams of soil was blended with 80 mL surfactant solution in an aluminum specimen. Drying the water by oven of 40 °C firstly and then by air, the whole period was about 1 week. After that, soil water infiltration and sorptivity were measured.Results and discussion
Compared to the blank, surfactants increased the amounts of 2–0.25 and <0.053 mm aggregates of the soil and decreased the amounts of 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates of the soil. Surfactants also increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil. Except the 200 mg L?1 treatment, CTAB promoted the soil water infiltration. All SDS treatments impeded the soil water infiltration. The soil repellency factor (R) value of the blank was 1.22, lower than the critical value of 1.95, which implied that the soil of blank treatment was free of soil water repellency. For CTAB, only 200 and 400 mg L?1 treatment’s R were higher than 1.95 while for SDS, all the treatment’s R were higher than 1.95.Conclusions
Surfactants improved the stability of soil aggregates. Soil treated with CTAB did not show the repellency, whereas SDS treatment resulted in intense water repellency compared with the wettable blank soil. Findings of this study can be used to explain the role of ionic surfactants on soil structure stability as well as on the development of water repellency in lower soil depths.14.
Soil microbes produce exudates which upon drying become water-repellent, thus altering hydraulic properties. The influence of microbial activity caused by adding plant nutrients on the hydraulic characteristics of soil aggregates is reported. Soil aggregates were collected from a field that had been fertilized with different amounts of nitrogen. Aggregates were also incubated with different nutrient treatments in the laboratory. Their sorptivity, hydraulic conductivity and water repellency were measured with a new device. Adding nitrogen was found to decrease sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity because of increased water repellency in the field. In the laboratory studies, the addition of nutrients caused severe water repellency in the soil aggregates. Respiration studies identified a large increase in biological activity following nutrient amendment which produces water-repellent materials. 相似文献
15.
The effect of dairy sewage sludge amendment on repellency and hydraulic conductivity of soil aggregates from two depths of Eutric Cambisol 
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下载免费PDF全文 Appropriate management of sewage sludge is an important worldwide issue due to the still growing amount of wastewaters. In the study we examined to what extent the addition of dairy sewage sludge compared with mineral fertilization affects porosity, repellency index, and hydraulic conductivity of variously sized aggregates from two soil depths of Eutric Cambisol derived from loess: 5–15 cm and 25–35 cm. The repellency index was calculated as a ratio of ethanol and water sorptivity. Data on water and ethanol sorptivities of initially air‐dry soil aggregate fractions were obtained from steady state flow measurements using an infiltration device. Hydraulic conductivity was determined by measuring water infiltration at five pressure heads: –8, –6, –4, –2, and 0 cm of water column with the same device as for sorptivity determination. Addition of sewage sludge to the soil decreased the soil repellency index by an average of 27% in topsoil and 32% in subsoil for both aggregate sizes, respectively, and increased hydraulic conductivity about four times in both layers. Smaller aggregates (15–20 mm diameter) from soil amended with sewage sludge, in comparison with larger ones (30–35 mm diameter), had a higher repellency index by 36 and 24% in topsoil and subsoil, respectively. As for aggregates from soil with mineral fertilization, those differences were smaller and equal to 15% in subsoil, in topsoil smaller aggregates even had slightly lower repellency index (by 5%). Aggregates taken from the upper soil layer were more water repellent and had smaller hydraulic conductivity than those taken from subsoil, regardless of soil treatment and aggregate size. 相似文献
16.
为探求再生水灌溉对斥水和亲水土壤水力特性的影响,该文选用有代表性的斥水黏壤土和亲水黏壤土、斥水砂土和亲水砂土,测定其在自来水、再生水和其他4种生活污水条件下的土壤水分特征曲线,采用主成分分析法得到不同水质综合指标,分析水质综合指标对不同土壤水分特征曲线的影响,采用van Genuchten-Mualem模型对黏壤土土-水曲线的参数进行拟合,并分析水质综合指标对黏壤土累积当量孔径分布、比水容量和水分常数的影响。结果表明:在相同基质吸力情况下,黏壤土含水率随水质综合指标增加(水质变差)而减小,砂土的含水率随水质变化不大;在低吸力段,斥水和亲水黏壤土的比水容量随水质综合指标的增加而增加;土壤进气值与水质综合指标呈显著负线性相关关系(R~2分别为0.94和0.78);相同水质条件下,斥水土壤的进气值比亲水土壤小;随着水质综合指标的增加,斥水和亲水黏壤土的极微孔隙降低,而中等孔隙和大孔隙增加,小于某当量孔径的累积百分比增加;随着水质综合指标的增加,斥水和亲水黏壤土的田间持水率、凋萎系数、有效水和易利用水比例均减小,但再生水对田间持水率和易利用水比例降低作用不显著。研究结果可为大面积再生水灌溉及其管理提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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去电子处理微咸水矿化度对土壤水盐运移特征的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
为探究去电子处理微咸水对土壤水盐运移的影响,该文通过室内土柱试验,分析了不同矿化度微咸水(0.14、2、3、4、5 g/L)经去电子处理后土壤水分入渗及盐分分布规律。结果表明:不同矿化度去电子微咸水土壤入渗速率及湿润锋运移速率明显大于未处理微咸水,入渗时间为200 min时,累积入渗量和湿润锋运移深度在矿化度为4 g/L时增加幅度最大。相同矿化度去电子微咸水与未处理微咸水相比,Philip入渗公式吸渗率、Green-Ampt入渗公式饱和导水率及湿润锋处吸力均显著增加。去电子微咸水能够显著提高土壤的持水效率和上层土壤盐分的淋洗效果,矿化度为4 g/L时,相对淋盐率和Na+相对淋洗率最大。该研究表明去电子化处理能够改善土壤水盐运移特性,有利于微咸水安全利用。 相似文献
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低盐再生水灌溉对亚热带红壤水力特性及微观结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
低盐再生水是一种回用潜力巨大的替代性水源,为探究其灌溉亚热带红壤的适宜性,该研究以校园生活污水为再生水水源,设置再生水单一灌溉（WW）、再生水与蒸馏水交替灌溉（AWW）两种灌水模式,并以蒸馏水单一灌溉（CK）为对照。通过室外模拟土柱试验,研究了低盐再生水不同灌溉模式下红壤的盐碱度、微观结构及水力特性,并探讨了三者之间的相互作用关系。结果表明：1）低盐再生水灌溉降低了红壤的持水能力和导水能力;2）与CK处理相比,低盐再生水灌溉导致红壤田间持水率和凋萎系数降低,有效水在WW处理下增加6.33%,在AWW处理下减小27.85%;3） 两种低盐再生水灌溉模式下土壤大孔隙均增加,而有效孔隙、微小孔隙在WW处理下分别增加1.3%、5.0%,在AWW处理下分别减小4.3%、1.1%;4）与CK处理相比,低盐再生水灌溉使红壤电导率（Electrical Conductivity,EC）和Na+含量显著提高,而交换性阳离子总量（Cation Exchange Capacity,CEC）显著降低（P<0.05）。再生水两种灌溉模式中,AWW处理下土壤交换性钠百分比（Exchangeable Sodium Percentage,ESP）和钠吸附比（Sodium Adsorption Ratio,SAR）分别显著高于WW处理142.4%、120.3%（P<0.05）,从而引起更强烈的土壤黏粒分散;5）田间持水率、凋萎系数、有效水及有效孔隙和微小孔隙比例均与交换性Na+、ESP、SAR呈显著负相关,与CEC呈显著正相关。综上,低盐再生水灌溉亚热带红壤宜选择单一灌溉模式,且应定期监测土壤SAR和ESP等指标。研究结果可为再生水水质标准和灌溉制度制定提供参考。 相似文献
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In addition to its direct impact on soil physical and chemical soil properties, fire produces a sudden change in plant cover. The post-fire impact of falling raindrops on unprotected soil surfaces is a major cause of detachment of aggregates, physical degradation and erosion of soils. The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of burning intensity and rain under factor-controlled conditions using unaltered soil samples. Assessed variables were soil organic carbon, aggregate stability and water repellency (0–1 cm mineral soil), as well as soil surface compaction and hydraulic conductivity. Unaltered topsoil cores were obtained in a mature Mediterranean gorse shrubland. We applied two successive treatments: burning (unburned, low and high burning levels) and rain (77 mm/h). The soil properties studied were scarcely affected by burning. However, soils showed high vulnerability to raindrop impact: a) aggregate stability and organic carbon were not significantly affected by burning; b) low intensity burning increased the frequency of samples with moderate water repellency, whereas unburned together with high burning showed more cases of low and extreme water repellency; c) the rain treatment produced a significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity although this response was independent of burning level; d) the highest reduction in hydraulic conductivity was observed in the samples with highest values prior to the rain treatment, and this was related to the highest organic carbon contents, and e) the reduction in hydraulic conductivity could be explained by the development of a thin and friable surface crust, although the cone penetrometer was not sensitive enough to detect this observed phenomenon. 相似文献
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微咸水灌溉对斥水土壤水盐运移的影响 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
土壤斥水性影响着作物的产量,为了研究微咸水灌溉对斥水土壤水盐运移的影响,进行了室内土柱微咸水入渗试验。对比了不同矿化度和斥水程度对两种土质水盐运移的影响,探讨了微咸水入渗后土壤斥水性的变化特征。结果表明,不斥水土壤的入渗能力随矿化度的增加而增加。亲水和斥水土壤的入渗率均可采用Kostiakov公式简单模拟。斥水土壤入渗能力在矿化度为1?g/L时达到最大,超过1?g/L后则随矿化度的增大而减小。微咸水入渗的累积入渗量与湿润锋推进距离呈良好的线性关系,斥水性土壤中的相同剖面水盐的含量比不斥水的减小。微咸水入渗后土壤产生了一定的斥水性。该研究表明微咸水灌溉对盐渍化土壤的水盐分布和斥水性均有一定程度的影响。 相似文献