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~7Li离子束诱变紫松果菊的生物效应研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对紫松果菊的风干种子进行不同剂量的7Li离子束注入和γ射线照射处理 ,结果表明 ,与γ射线照射相比 ,7Li离子束注入处理具有损伤效应轻的特点。二者虽然在一定剂量范围都能够促进种子萌发 ,但对种子成苗的影响依诱变源和剂量不同而有所不同。7Li 1 0 9ions cm2 处理对幼苗形成有明显促进作用 ,随着7Li离子束剂量升高 ,幼苗生长受到一定程度的抑制 ,真叶的生长发育迟缓 ,成苗率明显下降。γ射线处理的种子成苗受到显著抑制 ,处理剂量越高 ,成苗率越低 ;当剂量高于 1 5 0Gy时 ,一般不能萌发真叶而导致幼苗死亡。在7Li离子束处理的M1代植株中出现花期、花径、花色、瓣形或瓣数的变异类型 ,变异主要发生在 1 0 11ions cm2 和 1 0 12ions cm2 两个剂量处理中 ,总体变异频率在 1 67%～ 6 67%之间。 相似文献
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模拟干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为研究干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)种子萌发的影响,比较碱蓬和盐地碱蓬逆境生理特性的异同,本研究利用PEG6000、NaCl和Na_2CO_3分别模拟干旱、盐和碱胁迫,配制相同渗透势的PEG6000、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理液,以蒸馏水处理为对照,对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发与胚的生长进行比较研究。结果表明:1)低渗处理(-0.46 MPa)对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发无显著影响;高渗处理(-1.38MPa、-1.84 MPa)抑制碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发。2)当溶液渗透势相等时,NaCl处理下碱蓬种子的萌发率显著大于PEG、Na_2CO_3处理;而等渗PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理对盐地碱蓬种子萌发率的影响无显著差异。3)PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理组碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的最终萌发率与对照无显著差异。4)在幼苗形成阶段,PEG、Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的抑制作用显著大于等渗NaCl处理。5)碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的生长对NaCl、Na_2CO_3胁迫的响应存在差异。-0.92 MPa NaCl处理抑制碱蓬胚的生长,却对盐地碱蓬产生促进作用;-0.46 MPa Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬胚的抑制作用小于盐地碱蓬。综合分析表明:碱蓬、盐地碱蓬均具有很强的抗盐性。在种子萌发阶段,碱蓬种子的抗旱、抗碱能力低于盐地碱蓬;在幼苗形成阶段,碱蓬胚的抗盐性小于盐地碱蓬,但对轻度碱胁迫的抗性高于盐地碱蓬。 相似文献
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实践八号育种卫星搭载籼稻的诱变效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用卫星搭载4个籼稻品种(系)的干种子,对SP1代种子活力和农艺性状、SP2代农艺性状、稻米直链淀粉含量和白叶枯病抗性进行诱变效应分析,结果表明:空间环境对籼稻种子损伤较小,SP1代的发芽率、芽长、株高以及结实率的生理损伤变幅为0～26.9%;对空间环境的敏感性由强到弱依次为桂99、航恢7号、R998、金航138。SP1代表型不发生分离;SP2代在株高、分蘖、谷粒重、稻米直链淀粉含量和白叶枯病抗性等性状出现分离,突变性状在SP3代能够遗传。空间诱变不仅能使水稻农艺性状发生变异,而且能使稻米品质和抗病性产生变异。 相似文献
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盐地碱蓬人工栽培与品系选育初报 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
人工栽培盐地碱蓬及高产品系选育试验研究表明 ,人工栽培盐地碱蓬可提高产量 1～ 2倍 ,且碱蓬产量随土壤盐度的提高而逐渐下降。无灌水条件下采用一定矿化度的盐水过量灌溉 ,可有效提高碱蓬产量。黄河三角洲地区人工栽培碱蓬适宜采收时间为 10月 2 5日左右。选育高产变异碱蓬个体比普通单株产量提高 2～ 3倍。 相似文献
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60Co-γ射线辐照德国鸢尾杂交种子的生物效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索60Co-γ射线辐照对德国鸢尾杂交种子的影响,用0(对照)、20、40、60、80 Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照德国鸢尾杂交种子,研究不同辐照剂量对其萌发率、成苗率的影响及其M1部分表型变异的诱变效应.结果表明,20和40 Gy60Co-γ射线辐照后,种子萌发率分别为68.33％和87.91％,显著高于对照(41.25％);60和80 Gy 60Co-γ射线辐照后,种子萌发后的成苗率分别为70.72％和68.37％,显著低于对照(96.29％),且存在显著的致死效应;60和80 Gy辐照剂量可显著缩短M1的叶长和叶宽,其中60Gy还可显著降低M1旗瓣宽度,提高旗瓣长宽比.综上,20 ～40 Gy辐照剂量可以改善德国鸢尾种子萌发率,60～ 80 Gy可以作为德国鸢尾杂交种子的诱变剂量.本研究结果为利用60Co-γ射线改善德国鸢尾杂交种子萌发率和开展辐照诱变育种提供了一定参考. 相似文献
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采收时间对玫瑰茄萼片产量及营养成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确玫瑰茄最佳采收时间,以玫瑰茄种质M3和M5为试验材料,对不同采收时间玫瑰茄的萼片产量和原花青素、单宁等营养成分含量进行分析。结果表明,随着采收时间推迟,2份种质的萼片产量和营养成分含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势。M3的鲜果重、鲜萼片重均在开花后21 d达到最大值,分别为12.82 g和7.75 g,干萼片重在开花后28 d达到最大值,为0.98 g;M5的鲜果重在开花后21 d达到最大值,为6.97 g,鲜萼片重、干萼片重均在开花后28 d达到最大值,分别为3.90 g和0.47 g,以采收花萼为目的时,适宜采收期为开花后21~28 d。M3萼片的原花青素含量在开花后35 d时最高,达2 180.00 mg·kg-1,M5在开花后21 d时最高,达573.50 mg·kg-1,以提取原花青素为目的采收时,M3和M5的适宜采收期分别为开花后35 d和开花后21 d。M3的单宁含量在开花后28~35 d时最高,达2.30 g·kg-1, M5在开花后42 d时最高,达1.38 g·kg-1,以提取单宁为目的采收时,M3和M5的适宜采收期分别为开花后28~35 d和开花后42 d。综上,玫瑰茄的适宜采收时间为开花后一个月左右(28~35 d)。本研究可为玫瑰茄合理采收提供参考依据。 相似文献
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香蕉组培苗变异体的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
多年的调查研究结果表明：香蕉品种威廉斯、广东2号、台湾8号等茎尖组培苗，从组培过程到大棚假植直至大田生长、生殖等各个阶段，均出现各种变异体。变异频率因品种不同而异，变异类型多种多样，包括植株高矮、叶片颜色和形态、繁殖能力、生育期的长短等，甚者不开花、不挂果或果梳少、果指短小，商品经济价值下降，甚至全无经济价值，给种植者造成一定的损失。 相似文献
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为了探究秋水仙素处理对杉木萌动种子的诱变效应,以3种杉木种子为材料,用0.9%的秋水仙素溶液浸泡处理后播种,60d后统计变异苗得率并用流式细胞仪检测变异苗不同部位的细胞倍性。结果表明,经秋水仙素溶液浸泡处理后,3种来源的杉木种子变异苗得率差异显著,全同胞种子Z3#得率最高,为23.45%;3种来源的杉木种子经秋水仙素处理后所得的变异苗均表现为胚根短缩,下胚轴下部明显膨大。流式细胞仪检测表明,胚根部分57.2%的细胞为混倍体细胞,下胚轴下部42.04%的细胞为四倍体细胞,下胚轴中部四倍体细胞所占比例为9.15%,下胚轴上部和子叶部分的细胞均为二倍体细胞;秋水仙素溶液浸泡种子可诱导获得表型特征及细胞倍性发生明显变异的变异苗。本研究结果为进一步开展杉木同源多倍体新种质的创制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) plants normally abort a high percentage of flowers and pods. This study was conducted to determine the effect of P nutrition on flower and pod abscission in soybean. Williams 82 soybeans were established in hydroponic culture in the greenhouse at four levels of P (0.45 mM, 0.20 mM, 0.10 mM or 0.05 mM), and main stem flowers and pods were counted every two days from flowering to maturity. The two highest P treatments had similar flower production, pod production, pod abortion, seed weight and seeds per pod, but the 0.20 mM P treatment had 20% lower dry matter production and 19% lower seed yield. At P supplies of 0.10 or 0.05 mM, flower production, pod production, flowers per node, pods per node, seed yield, seed number and weight per seed were less (P < 0.05) than at 0.20 mM. Flowers produced per main stem node and seeds per pod were largely unaffected by limited P. Plants supplied 0.10 or 0.05 mM P aborted more flowers and pods than did those supplied 0.45 or 0.20 mM P. At P supply of 0.05 mM, flower, pod and total abortion was 80%, 49% and 90%, respectively. Flower and pod production were 50% and 78% less, while plant dry weight, seed yield and weight per seed were 83%, 90% and 23% less, respectively for the 0.05 mM P treatment compared to control. The data indicate that the primary effect of limited P on reproductive growth of soybean is to increase flower and pod abortion. 相似文献
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Saghi Anbari Anneli Lundkvist Johannes Forkman Theo Verwijst 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(5):391-398
To develop better mechanical management strategies, more information on the impact of root partitioning on generative reproduction of Sonchus arvensis L. is needed. Therefore, an outdoor experiment was performed in Sweden in 2008, to evaluate the effect of root fragmentation on generative reproduction of S. arvensis. Two artificial populations of S. arvensis with the same total root length per area but with different initial root lengths and different numbers of root fragments were planted. Cumulative numbers of flower receptacles which had shed mature seeds over the season were assessed. Changes in the number of seeds per flower receptacle and average seed weight were monitored over time during the late season. Plants from long root fragments produced more flower receptacles than plants from short ones. Per area, however, the number of mature flower receptacles did not differ. The number of seeds per flower receptacle and individual seed weight were not affected by initial root length for the first cohort of shoots which sprouted from the initially planted roots. A second cohort, from roots produced during the season, resulted, irrespective of its initial root length, in fewer flower receptacles per plant and per area, with less seeds per receptacle, but with the same average seed weight as the first cohort. The number of seeds per flower receptacle was higher in mid-September than earlier or later. Average seed weight slightly decreased over time. The weight of seeds produced in early September was inversely related to the number of seeds per receptacle, but this trade-off disappeared over time. Root fragmentation alone in pure populations of S. arvensis does not impede generative reproduction, but is likely to decrease input of seeds to the seed bank, when combined with crop competition. 相似文献
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Determination of gossypol enantiomer ratio in cotton plants by chiral higher-performance liquid chromatography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A celulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) coated onto APS silica (Nucleosil, particle size, 7 microm; pore size, 500 A) was used under a reversed-phase condition to measure the enantiomeric ratios of gossypol enantiomers in cottonseeds, flowers, and roots in a number of cultivars samples of different Gossipium species. While unidimensional chromatography was used for measuring the enantiomeric ratio of all the samples of G. hirsutum, G. mustelinum, and in the seeds of G. barbadense, multidimensional chromatography was necessary for the analysis of samples of roots and flowers of G. barbadense. In the latter case, an ODS Hypersil column was used in the first dimension for sample clean up, and the enantiomers were resolved on the second dimension by the chiral column. As expected, all the seed samples of G. hirsutum and G. mustelinum showed the (P)-(+)-enantiomer in excess, whereas the seeds of G. barbadense showed the (M)-(-)-enantiomer. However, (P)-(+)-gossypol was found in enantiomeric excess in three samples examined of roots and in one of flower of G. barbadense. These results are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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Meenakshi Dheer S. S. Punia Baldev Ram N. K. Jain N. R. Koli V. Bhatnagar O. P. Khedar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(5):879-886
The lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a self-pollinated seed legume with cleistogamous flowers. A spontaneous open flower semi leaf-less mutant, was observed from segregating generation (F4) of a cross IPL 313 × RKL 1001 in which reproductive organs were not enclosed by the keel petals and thus remained exposed. Leaves on this mutant plant was very less and random with 1–3 pairs of leaf lets whereas in normal plant leaves are present at every reproductive node with 5–7 pairs of leaf lets. A very large number of open flowers (>90 %) remained sterile in mutant plant and their progenies, though its pollen fertility was as high as the standard cultivars. The progenies of the mutant open flower plant were segregates in three morphological different plant types as (1) open flower leaf-less plants, (2) open flower semi leaf-less plants and (3) normal plants having cleistogamous (closed) flowers and normal bearing leaves. The open flower leafless plant were low yielder whereas open flower semi leafless progenies have good yield potential and are important source of rare novel mutant alleles for important economic traits like multiple peduncles per reproductive node, more number of flowers/pods per peduncle and long reproductive phase. The open flower trait offers opportunity for exploring hybrid technology in the lentil and mutant alleles can play a crucial role in understanding the genetics of the target trait and for improvement of lentils. 相似文献
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Exploitation of wild gene pool for breeding is a common practice in an increasing number of cultivated plants. The cultivated lentil could not attain the substantial improvement in the yield potential due to loss of genes for higher productivity and lack of resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The absence of evaluation data of wild lentils for characters of economic importance, besides biotic and abiotic stresses, is one of the constraints in their use in lentil breeding programme. In the present study, 70 wild accessions from four wild Lens subsp./sp. (L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. odomensis, L. ervoides and L. nigricans) along with 3 checks (Precoz, PL-406 and PL-639) were evaluated for phenological and agro-morphological characters, for their reaction to three fungal diseases (wilt, powdery mildew and rust) and screened for tolerance to moisture stress. The wild accessions showed higher performance for branches/plant as compared to cultivated genotypes. Similarly, a few accessions of L. culinaris subsp. orientalis were earlier to flower and had higher seeds and seed yield/plant as compared to cultivated lentil. However, some were comparable with cultivated genotypes for flowers/peduncle, peduncle length and plant height. The mean performance for flowers per peduncle, leaflets per leaf, plant height, seeds and seed yield per plant increased, while decreased for days to flowering and maturity, and branches per plant during the evolution of cultivated lentil from the wild Lens taxa. Of Lens taxa, L. nigricans had the maximum resistant accessions for biotic and tolerance to abiotic stresses. The valuable variation existing among wild accessions can be exploited following introgression with cultivated lentils. It will help in the flow of useful genes from wild to cultivated lentil for generating wide spectrum of variability and its subsequent use in genetic restructuring of lentil. 相似文献
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Eugeniusz R. Grela Wojciech Rybiński Renata Klebaniuk Jan Matras 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(5):693-701
Thirty-one European accessions of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) originating from Italy, Spain, Northern France, Germany and Poland grown in the same soil-climatic conditions in Poland
were investigated. The morphological traits as well as the seed morphology and nutrient contents were studied. Substantial
differentiation in some morphological characteristics was noticed. The plants could be assigned to two groups: one group comprising
the lines from the Mediterranean basin (Italy and Spain) and the other group containing the accessions from West-central Europe
(Northern France, Germany and Poland). The grass pea plants produced from the seeds obtained from West-central Europe appeared
to be about 10 cm taller than the Mediterranean accessions and had predominantly white flowers. Their seeds were more than
two times smaller than seeds of the accessions of Italian or Spanish origin. There were not noted any considerable differences
in nutrient contents or antinutritional factors in seeds between these two groups of Lathyrus accessions. A negative correlation between β-ODAP and tannin contents (r = −0.379, P ≤ 0.05) and a positive correlation (r = 0.843, P ≤ 0.01) between a tannin content and flower color intensity were found. A white or crème colour was associated with a low
tannin level in the seeds, while the colourful blooming accessions had higher tannin contents. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):899-907
Abstract The effect of soil test levels of K (1 N, NH4OAc) on yields of soybean (Glycine max Merr) reproductive growth, seed size and numbers were evaluated for early, medium, and late maturing cultivars on a Maury silt loam (Typic Paleudalf). Relative yields were near maximum when extractable K was approximately 210 pp2m. Concentrations of K in uppermost, fully expanded leaves at flower initiation at the high production level were approximately 2.0 to 2.15%. Neither dates of flower initiation nor pod maturation of the three cultivars, Bonus, Cutler 71, and Williams, were altered by K nutrition. Either seed size or seed number were approximately equally capable of serving as a mechanism for increasing yield in response to improved K nutrition. Among cultivars, Bonus tended to have more smaller seeds, whereas Cutler 71 tended to have larger seeds with fewer seeds being produced. 相似文献